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Neohipparion
Taxonomy
Neohipparion was named by Gidley (1903). It is not extant. Its type is Neohipparion whitneyi.
It was synonymized subjectively with Hipparion by Osborn (1918) and Matthew and Stirton (1930).
It was assigned to Protohippinae by Gidley (1907); to Equidae by Gidley (1903), Scott (1913), Stirton (1940), Gregory (1942), Webb (1969), Forsten (1975), MacFadden (1984) and Carroll (1988); to Hippotheriini by Prothero and Schoch (1989); and to Hipparionini by Quinn (1955), Mooser (1963), Baskin (1991), Kelly (1995), MacFadden (1998), Hulbert and Whitmore (2006) and May (2019).
It was synonymized subjectively with Hipparion by Osborn (1918) and Matthew and Stirton (1930).
It was assigned to Protohippinae by Gidley (1907); to Equidae by Gidley (1903), Scott (1913), Stirton (1940), Gregory (1942), Webb (1969), Forsten (1975), MacFadden (1984) and Carroll (1988); to Hippotheriini by Prothero and Schoch (1989); and to Hipparionini by Quinn (1955), Mooser (1963), Baskin (1991), Kelly (1995), MacFadden (1998), Hulbert and Whitmore (2006) and May (2019).
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1903 | Neohipparion Gidley |
| 1907 | Neohipparion Gidley p. 867 |
| 1913 | Neohipparion Scott p. 290 |
| 1933 | Hipparion sanjuanensis Frick p. 549 |
| 1940 | Neohipparion Stirton |
| 1942 | Neohipparion Gregory |
| 1955 | Neohipparion Quinn p. 63 |
| 1963 | Neohipparion Mooser p. 394 |
| 1969 | Neohipparion Webb |
| 1975 | Neohipparion Forsten |
| 1981 | Hesperohipparion Dalquest p. 506 |
| 1984 | Neohipparion MacFadden p. 75 |
| 1988 | Neohipparion Carroll |
| 1989 | Neohipparion Prothero and Schoch p. 532 |
| 1991 | Neohipparion Baskin p. 999 |
| 1991 | Neohipparion (Hesperohipparion) Baskin p. 999 |
| 1995 | Neohipparion Kelly p. 26 |
| 1998 | Neohipparion MacFadden p. 548 |
| 2006 | Neohipparion Hulbert and Whitmore p. 13 |
| 2019 | Neohipparion May |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. †Neohipparion Gidley 1903
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†Neohipparion affine Leidy 1869
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Invalid names: Hippotherium speciosum Leidy 1854 [synonym], Neohipparion dolichops Gidley 1906 [synonym], Neohipparion whitneyi Gidley 1903 [synonym]
†Neohipparion eurystyle Cope 1893
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Invalid names: Hesperohipparion stirtoni Dalquest 1981 [synonym], Hippotherium rectidens Cope 1886 [synonym], Neohipparion arellanoi Stirton 1955 [synonym], Neohipparion floresi Stirton 1955 [synonym], Neohipparion molle Merriam 1915 [synonym], Neohipparion monias Mooser 1963 [synonym], Neohipparion otomii Mooser 1959 [synonym], Neohipparion phosphorum Simpson 1930 [synonym]
†Neohipparion gidleyi Merriam 1915
†Neohipparion leptode Merriam 1915
†Neohipparion trampasense Edwards 1982
Invalid names: Hesperohipparion Dalquest 1981 [synonym], Neohipparion sanjuanensis Frick 1933 [nomen nudum]
Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| J. W. Gidley 1903 |
Generic characters.- Protocone free, except at base, as in Hip- parion. Protoconecomparativelylargeandmuchexpandedantero- posteriorly. Enamel foldings simple. The median external basal column present in the lower milk molars as in Hipparion, but much shorterandmoreexpandedanteroposteriorly. Lateraldigitsmuch reduced. | |
| W. W. Dalquest 1981 (Hesperohipparion) | ipparions withtheprotoconesoftheuppercheekteethisolated,except thattheprotoconeofp2issometimesconnectedtotheprotolophinveryearlyorverylate
stagesofwear;protoconesmuchantero-posteriorlyelongated,usuallywith pointedends andsinuous,concave orstraightlingualborders,but not convexlingualmargins;lower cheek teeth very high-crowned and upper part of crown anteroposteriorlyexpanded; metaconidandmetastylidalmostprostrateinearlystagesofwear,withlongaxesofcusps paralleltolongaxisoftooth,andwidelyseparatedbylong,shallowlinguaflexid;median lingualspuroftenpresentincenteroflinguaflexid,plicaballinidstronglydevelopedand plicated. In more advanced stages of wear, metaconid and metastylid column converging. In lower part of crown, tooth shorter anteroposteriorly,metaconids and metastylids shorter and rounder, and linguaflexids shorter and broadly "U" shaped. Ectoflexids of premolars shallow, with metaconid and metastylid appearing to be elevated on the isthmus; ectoflexids of molars shallow, not penetrating between metaconid and metastylid at any stage of wear; parastylids moderately to strongly developed but not isolated in cementum. | |
| B. J. MacFadden 1984 | Medium to large-size. Moderately to very hypsodont. Mean TRL 127.30mm to ca.150.00mm. Unworn or little-worn MlMSTHT range between ca. 35 to 71 mm. DPOF poorly developed (shallow) or absent. Anterior portion of DPOF, if present, is developed on the nasal and maxillary bones and fades into the surrounding facial region. Posterior portion of the DPOF if present, is developed on the nasal, maxillary, and sometimes lacrimal bones. Also, if present, posterior portion of the DPOF is very shallow and it usually lacks a well-developed rim or pocket (except in the dorsal and posterior margins in primitive forms). In the upper cheek teeth, protocones very elongate. In the lower cheek teeth of some species, e.g., N. eurystyle, there are well-developed pli hypoconids, pli caballinids, isthmuses, and elongate entoconids and hypolophids. The degree of enamel plications varies from simple to complex. Metapodials moderate to very long.
Neohipparion differs from most Holarctic species of Hipparion sensu stricto in numerous dental characters, e.g., relatively elongated protocones and (except for N. coloradense and some N.affine) extreme development of the pli caballinid. Neohipparion differs from most Old World species and all North American species of Hipparion sensu stricto in the morphology of the DPOF. Neohipparion differs from Nannippus in larger size, numerous dental characters, e.g., more elongate protocones and complex enamel plications, and, except for primitive species, the development of the DPOF. Neohipparion differs from Cormohipparion in numerous dental characters, e.g., development of the pli caballinid and ectoflexid, and morphology of the DPOF. |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: g = genus, subf = subfamily, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: MacFadden 1998, Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988, MacFadden and Cerling 1996, Ji et al. 2002, Lillegraven 1979 | |||||
Age range: base of the Middle Miocene to the top of the Early/Lower Pliocene or 15.97000 to 3.60000 Ma
Collections (151 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Miocene | USA (South Dakota) | N. whitneyi (18038 18113 18114) | |
| Miocene | USA (California) | Hipparion trampasense (19379) Nannippus tehonensis (19584) N. gidleyi (19420 19614) N. trampasense (19570) | |
| Miocene | USA (Kansas) | N. eurystyle (18338) | |
| Miocene | USA (Florida) | N. eurystyle (18510) N. trampasense (18521 18574) | |
| Barstovian | Canada (Saskatchewan) | Hipparion sp. (18758 18761 18786 18788 18789 18790 18792 18797) | |
| Barstovian | USA (New Mexico) | N. sp. (19435) | |
| Barstovian | Mexico (Oaxaca) | N. sp. (18722) | |
| Early/Lower Barstovian | USA (Nebraska) | N. sp. (17880 17904 17919 17955 18019) | |
| Middle Miocene | USA (Florida) | N. trampasense (161381) | |
| Clarendonian | USA (California) | Nannippus sp. (19378) Nannippus tehonensis (19391) N. sp. (19393) | |
| Clarendonian | USA (South Dakota) | N. affine (18325) N. sp. (18268) | |
| Clarendonian | USA (Nebraska) | N. affine (18095 18143 18324 18336 188779) N. affine, N. trampasense (18171 18221 18227) N. trampasense (18135 18214 18231 18245 18333 18425 18496) | |
| Clarendonian | USA (Kansas) | N. affine (18449) | |
| Clarendonian | USA (Texas) | N. affine (18179 18244 18611) N. sp. (18610 207452 207489) | |
| Clarendonian | USA (Florida) | N. eurystyle (18588) | |
| Early/Lower Clarendonian | USA (Florida) | N. sp. (161377) | |
| Late/Upper Clarendonian | USA (Florida) | N. trampasense (18554) | |
| Clarendonian - Hemphillian | USA (South Dakota) | N. dolichops, N. whitneyi (18087) | |
| Clarendonian - Hemphillian | USA (Nebraska) | N. affine (18256) N. leptode (18181 18305 18326) | |
| Late/Upper Clarendonian - Hemphillian | USA (Texas) | N. sp. (18307) | |
| Late/Upper Clarendonian - late Early Hemphillian | USA (Nebraska) | N. eurystyle (18298) | |
| Clarendonian - Pliocene | USA (Oklahoma) | N. sp. (170194) | |
| Tortonian | USA (Florida) | Hipparion phosphorum, N. eurystyle (18505) | |
| Tortonian - Zanclean | USA (Florida) | N. eurystyle (18548) N. trampasense (18568) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Guatemala | N. affine (18716) | |
| Hemphillian | Mexico (Michoacan) | N. sp. (18717) | |
| Hemphillian | Mexico (Michoacán) | N. eurystyle (212337) | |
| Hemphillian | Mexico (Zacatecas) | N. eurystyle (212341 212342) | |
| Hemphillian | Mexico (Hidalgo) | N. rectidens (18746) | |
| Hemphillian | Mexico (Jalisco) | N. eurystyle (18745 189788 189790 232513) | |
| Hemphillian | USA (Oregon) | N. leptode (19015) | |
| Hemphillian | USA (Alabama) | Hipparion phosphorum (81498) N. eurystyle (18559) | |
| Hemphillian | USA (Kansas) | N. eurystyle (18055 18140 18342 79633) N. leptode (18263) N. trampasense (18415) | |
| Hemphillian | USA (Oklahoma) | N. eurystyle, Hipparion sp. (18304) N. leptode (18034 18088) | |
| Hemphillian | USA (Nebraska) | Hipparion eurystyle (18323) N. eurystyle (18158 18201 18225) N. leptode (18086) | |
| Hemphillian | USA (Texas) | Equus eurystylus (18175) N. eurystyle (18073 18377) N. leptode (18072 18198) N. leptode, N. eurystyle (18097) | |
| Hemphillian | USA (California) | N. eurystyle (19479) N. molle (19537) | |
| Hemphillian | USA (Nevada) | N. leptode (19095) | |
| Hemphillian | Honduras | N. sp. (18750) | |
| Hemphillian | Mexico (Guanajuato) | N. eurystyle (18718) | |
| Hemphillian | USA (Florida) | N. eurystyle (18520 18529 18560 18564 18577 18581 18584 18601 18602) N. phosphorum (18556) | |
| Hemphillian | Mexico (Nayarit) | N. eurystyle (212338 212339) | |
| Late/Upper Hemphillian | Canada (Alberta) | N. eurystyle (18757) | |
| Late/Upper Hemphillian | Mexico (Zacatecas) | N. eurystyle (157349 157351 175256) | |
| Late/Upper Hemphillian | Mexico (Chihuahua) | N. arellanoi (18755) N. floresi (18734) | |
| Late/Upper Hemphillian | Mexico (Hidalgo) | N. eurystyle (18733) | |
| Late/Upper Hemphillian | USA (Texas) | N. eurystyle (18036 18093 18110 18340) | |
| Late/Upper Hemphillian | Mexico (Guanajuato) | N. eurystyle (18713 18740) N. eurystyle, N. monias, N. otomii (18737) | |
| Late/Upper Hemphillian | USA (California) | N. leptode (19582) | |
| Late/Upper Hemphillian | USA (Nebraska) | N. eurystyle (18126 18247 18359) | |
| Late/Upper Hemphillian | USA (Montana) | N. sp. (18880 19121) | |
| Late/Upper Hemphillian | USA (Florida) | N. eurystyle (18532 18553 18573 18599 18603) | |
| early Early Hemphillian - late Early Hemphillian | USA (Florida) | N. sp. (18539) | |
| late Early Hemphillian | USA (Florida) | N. eurystyle (18552) | |
| late Early Hemphillian | USA (California) | N. leptode (156740) | |
| Early/Lower Pliocene | USA (California) | N. sp. (178906 178907) | |
| Zanclean | USA (North Carolina) | N. eurystyle (52582) | |
| Blancan | Mexico (Hidalgo) | N. eurystyle (20079) |