PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Bison antiquus

Mammalia - Bovidae

Taxonomy

Bison antiquus was named by Leidy (1852).

It was synonymized subjectively with Bison bison by Wilson (1974) and Kurten and Anderson (1980).

Sister species lacking formal opinion data

B. degiulii, B. schoetensacki, B. voigtstedtensis

Synonyms

Bos scaphoceras is a species.

It was recombined as Ovis scaphoceras by Lucas (1899); it was synonymized subjectively with Bison antiquus by McDonald (1981).
Bison californicus was named by Rhoads (1897).

It was synonymized subjectively with Bison bison by Kurten and Anderson (1980); it was synonymized subjectively with Bison antiquus by McDonald (1981).
Bison figginsi was named by Hay and Cook (1928).

It was recombined as Simobison figginsi by Hay and Cook (1930) and Barbour and Schultz (1932); it was synonymized subjectively with Bison bison by Kurten and Anderson (1980); it was synonymized subjectively with Bison antiquus by McDonald (1981).
Bison kansensis was named by McClung (1905) [specimen not numbered]. Its type specimen is University of Kansas, a partial skull (a portion of a cranium), and it is not a trace fossil. Its type locality is North Lawrence, which is in a Pleistocene terrestrial horizon in Kansas.

It was synonymized subjectively with Bison bison by Kurten and Anderson (1980); it was synonymized subjectively with Bison antiquus by McDonald (1981).
Bison occidentalis was named by Lucas (1898). Its type specimen is USNM V.P. 4157, a skull (cranium with complete right horn core and partial left core), and it is a 3D body fossil.

It was recombined as Stelabison occidentalis by Figgins (1933); it was synonymized subjectively with Bison antiquus by McDonald (1981) and Rogers and Martin (1984); it was synonymized subjectively with Bison bison by Fuller and Bayrock (1965), Kurten and Anderson (1980) and Dalquest and Schultz (1992).
Bison oliverhayi was named by Figgins (1933).

It was synonymized subjectively with Bison bison by Kurten and Anderson (1980); it was synonymized subjectively with Bison antiquus by McDonald (1981).
Bison pacificus was named by Hay (1927).

It was synonymized subjectively with Bison bison by Kurten and Anderson (1980); it was synonymized subjectively with Bison antiquus by McDonald (1981).
Bison taylori was named by Hay and Cook (1928).

It was recombined as Stelabison taylori by Figgins (1933); it was recombined as Bison antiquus taylori by Schultz and Howard (1935); it was synonymized subjectively with Bison bison by Kurten and Anderson (1980); it was synonymized subjectively with Bison antiquus by McDonald (1981) and Czaplewski et al. (1999).
Bison texanus was named by Hay and Cook (1928). Its type specimen is CMNH 629, a partial skeleton (complete skull and some associated limb elements), and it is a 3D body fossil.

It was synonymized subjectively with Bison occidentalis by Schultz and Cheatum (1970); it was synonymized subjectively with Bison bison by Kurten and Anderson (1980); it was synonymized subjectively with Bison antiquus by McDonald (1981).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1852	Bison antiquus Leidy
1897	Bison californicus Rhoads
1898	Bison occidentalis Lucas
1899	Ovis scaphoceras Lucas
1902	Bison antiquus Hay p. 688
1902	Bison occidentalis Hay p. 690
1905	Bison antiquus McClung p. 157
1905	Bison kansensis McClung p. 157
1905	Bison occidentalis McClung p. 159
1927	Bison pacificus Hay
1928	Bison figginsi Hay and Cook
1928	Bison taylori Hay and Cook
1928	Bison texanus Hay and Cook p. 33
1930	Simobison figginsi Hay and Cook p. 23 figs. Plate VII, figures 1, 2.
1932	Simobison figginsi Barbour and Schultz
1933	Bison oliverhayi Figgins
1933	Stelabison occidentalis Figgins
1933	Stelabison taylori Figgins
1935	Bison antiquus Schultz and Howard p. 292
1935	Bison antiquus taylori Schultz and Howard p. 292
1937	Bison figginsi Frick
1937	Bison occidentalis Frick
1937	Bison taylori Frick
1966	Bison occidentalis Guthrie p. 739
1981	Bison antiquus McDonald
1984	Bison antiquus Rogers and Martin p. 759
1987	Bison antiquus Carranza-Castaneda and Miller p. 340
1991	Bison antiquus Jefferson
1991	Bison antiquus Pinsof
2007	Bison antiquus Morgan and Rinehart p. 48

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
subclass	Synapsida
—	Therapsida	()
infraorder	Cynodontia	()
—	Mammaliamorpha

Rank	Name	Author
—	Mammaliaformes
class	Mammalia
—	Cladotheria
—	Zatheria
subclass	Tribosphenida	()
subclass	Theria
—	Eutheria	()
—	Placentalia
—	Boreoeutheria
—	Laurasiatheria
—	Scrotifera
—	Euungulata
—	Artiodactylamorpha
—	Artiodactyla	()
—	Ruminantiamorpha
—	Ruminantia	(Scopoli 1777)
—	Pecora	()
family	Bovidae
genus	Bison	Hamilton-Smith 1827
species	antiquus	Leidy 1852

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

†Bison antiquus Leidy 1852

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Invalid names: Bison californicus Rhoads 1897 [synonym], Bison figginsi Hay and Cook 1928 [synonym], Bison kansensis McClung 1905 [synonym], Bison occidentalis Lucas 1898 [synonym], Bison oliverhayi Figgins 1933 [synonym], Bison pacificus Hay 1927 [synonym], Bison taylori Hay and Cook 1928 [synonym], Bison texanus Hay and Cook 1928 [synonym], Bos scaphoceras [synonym]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

part	N	mean
M1 height	1	48.6
M2 height	1	57.7
m1 height	1	47.1
m2 height	1	61.3
m3 height	1	42.5

Composition:

phosphaticsubp

Environment:

terrestrialo

Locomotion:

actively mobilec

Life habit:

ground dwellingf

Diet:

grazerg

Reproduction:

viviparousf

Created:

2009-01-04 10:41:41

Modified:

2009-01-04 13:00:55

Source: g = genus, f = family, o = order, c = class, subp = subphylum

References: MacFadden and Cerling 1996, Nowak 1991, Hendy et al. 2009, Nowak 1999, Carroll 1988

Age range: base of the Irvingtonian to the top of the Holocene or 1.80000 to 0.00000 Ma

Collections (47 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Pleistocene	2.588 - 0.0117	USA (Illinois)	Bison antiquus (87059)
Pleistocene	2.588 - 0.0117	USA (California)	Bison antiquus (65991 66063)
Pleistocene	2.588 - 0.0117	USA (Kansas)	Bison kansensis (74365)
Pleistocene	2.588 - 0.0117	USA (Florida)	Bison antiquus (227368)
Pleistocene	2.588 - 0.0117	Canada (Alberta)	Bison occidentalis (174511 174512 174513)
Pleistocene	2.588 - 0.0117	USA (South Carolina)	Bison antiquus (65405)
Pleistocene	2.588 - 0.0117	USA (Alabama)	Bison antiquus (82058)
Quaternary	2.58 - 0.0	Mexico ( Sierra Madre del Sur )	Bison antiquus (236673)
Irvingtonian	1.8 - 0.3	USA (California)	Bison antiquus (20272)
Rancholabrean	0.3 - 0.012	Mexico (Tlaxcala)	Bison antiquus, Bison occidentalis (226032)
Rancholabrean	0.3 - 0.012	USA (Florida)	Bison antiquus (20491)
Rancholabrean	0.3 - 0.012	USA (California)	Bison antiquus (200318)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)	0.129 - 0.0117	USA (Idaho)	Bison antiquus (20612)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)	0.129 - 0.0117	USA (Minnesota)	Bison occidentalis (146403)
Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.129 - 0.0117	USA (Florida)	Bison antiquus (154804)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial)	0.129 - 0.0117	USA (Kansas)	Bison antiquus (83069 83073)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)	0.129 - 0.0117	USA (Washington)	Bison antiquus (231727)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial)	0.129 - 0.0117	USA (Texas)	Bison occidentalis (93554)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial)	0.129 - 0.0117	USA (New Mexico)	Bison antiquus (74360)
Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.129 - 0.0117	USA (California)	Bison antiquus (190077)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)	0.129 - 0.0117	USA (California)	Bison antiquus (20642)
Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.129 - 0.0117	USA (Texas)	Bison antiquus (230753) Bison sp. (85142)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)	0.129 - 0.0117	USA (Florida)	Bison antiquus (20573 20581)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial)	0.129 - 0.0117	Canada (Alberta)	Bison occidentalis (93556)
Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.129 - 0.0117	USA (New Mexico)	Bison antiquus (79653 93246 93281)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial)	0.129 - 0.0117	USA (Florida)	Bison antiquus (74361 154722)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial)	0.129 - 0.0117	USA (Oklahoma)	Bison occidentalis (93178)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial)	0.129 - 0.0117	USA (Colorado)	Bison taylori (93553)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (glacial)	0.129 - 0.0117	USA (Florida)	Bison antiquus (154921)
Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.129 - 0.0117	USA (Washington)	Bison antiquus (188667 188795 188999)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene	0.129 - 0.0	USA (New Mexico)	Bison antiquus (93377)
Holocene	0.0117 - 0.0	Mexico (Puebla)	Bison antiquus (212303)
Holocene	0.0117 - 0.0	USA (Texas)	Bison antiquus (93247)
Holocene	0.0117 - 0.0	USA (Wyoming)	Bison antiquus (93248)
Holocene	0.0117 - 0.0	USA (Kansas)	Bison antiquus (79625)
Holocene	0.0117 - 0.0	Canada (Ontario)	Bison antiquus (211489)