PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Ursida

Mammalia - Carnivora

Taxonomy

Ursida was named by Tedford (1976) [named as a Parvorder]. It is extant.

It was assigned to Arctoidea by Tedford (1976), Barnes (1988), Barnes (1989), Barnes (1992), Tedford et al. (1994), Rice (1998), Wang et al. (2005); to Arctoidea by Barnes (1987), Wang et al. (2009), Abella et al. (2012); and to Caniformia by Bonis et al. (2019), de Bonis et al. (2019).

Subtaxa

Ursoidea

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1976	Ursida Tedford p. 372
1987	Ursida Barnes p. 3
1988	Ursida Barnes p. 2
1989	Ursida Barnes p. 3
1992	Ursida Barnes p. 3
1994	Ursida Tedford et al. p. 12
1998	Ursida Rice
2005	Ursida Wang et al. p. 6
2009	Ursida Wang et al. p. 757
2012	Ursida Abella et al. p. 2
2019	Ursida Bonis et al.
2019	Ursida de Bonis et al.

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Eugnathostomata
—	Teleostomi	(Bonaparte 1836)
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
subclass	Synapsida
—	Therapsida	()
infraorder	Cynodontia	()

Rank	Name	Author
—	Mammaliamorpha
—	Mammaliaformes
class	Mammalia
—	Cladotheria
—	Zatheria
subclass	Tribosphenida	()
subclass	Theria
—	Eutheria	()
—	Placentalia
—	Boreoeutheria
—	Laurasiatheria
—	Scrotifera
—	Ferae	()
—	Carnivoramorpha	Wyss and Flynn 1993
—	Carnivoraformes	Flynn et al.
order	Carnivora
suborder	Caniformia	Kretzoi 1943
infraorder	Canoidea	(Simpson 1931)
superfamily	Arctoidea	Flower 1869
—	Ursida
—	Ursida

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Unr. Ursida Tedford 1976

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Superfm. Ursoidea Fischer de Waldheim 1817

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Fm. †Subparictidae Clark and Guensburg 1972

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G. †Subparictis Wang and Tedford 1992

†Subparictis dakotensis Clark 1936

Fm. Ursidae Gray 1825 [bear]

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Subfm. Ailuropodinae

G. †Agriarctos Kretzoi 1942

†Agriarctos depereti Schlosser 1902

†Agriarctos gaali Kretzoi 1942

†Agriarctos vighi Kretzoi 1942

Tr. †Agriotheriini

G. †Agriotherium Wagner 1837

Invalid names: Hyaenarctos Falconer and Cautley 1845 [synonym]

G. †Huracan Jiangzuo et al. 2023

G. †Indarctos Pilgrim 1913

G. †Ailurarctos Qiu and Qi 1989

†Ailurarctos lufengensis Qiu and Qi 1989

†Ailurarctos yuanmouenensis Zong 1997

G. Ailuropoda Milne-Edwards 1870 [giant panda]

†Ailuropoda baconi Woodward 1915

†Ailuropoda fovealis Matthew and Granger 1923

Ailuropoda melanoleuca David 1869 [giant panda]

†Ailuropoda microta Pei 1962

†Ailuropoda wulingshanensis Wang et al. 1982

Invalid names: Aelureidopus Woodward 1915 [synonym], Ailuropus Milne-Edwards 1871 [objective synonym], Pandarctos Gervais 1870 [objective synonym]

Tr. †Indarctini Abella et al. 2012

G. †Miomaci de Bones et al. 2017 [pinniped]

G. †Kretzoiarctos Abella et al. 2012

†Kretzoiarctos beatrix Abella et al. 2011

Subfm. †Amphicynodontinae Simpson 1945

G. †Amphicynodon Filhol 1881

†Amphicynodon brachyrostris Filhol 1876

†Amphicynodon cephalogalinus Teilhard 1915

†Amphicynodon chardini Cirot and de Bonis 1992

†Amphicynodon crassirostris Filhol 1876

†Amphicynodon gracilis Filhol 1874

†Amphicynodon leptorhynchus Filhol 1874

†Amphicynodon palustris Aymard 1850

†Amphicynodon rossignoli Filhol 1882

†Amphicynodon speciosus Fafiot 1882

†Amphicynodon teilhardi Matthew and Granger 1924

Invalid names: Cynodictis mongoliensis Janovskaja 1970 [synonym]

†Amphicynodon typicus Schlosser 1888

Invalid names: Plesiocyon dubius Trouessart 1898 [synonym]

†Amphicynodon velaunus Aymard 1846

Invalid names: Amphicynodon aymardi Filhol 1883 [nomen nudum], Amphicynodon musteloides Schlosser 1902 [nomen nudum], Amphicynodon wortmani Schlosser 1902 [nomen nudum], Cynodon Aymard 1848 [synonym]

G. †Drassonax Galbreath 1953

†Drassonax harpagops Galbreath 1953

G. †Pachycynodon Schlosser 1887

†Pachycynodon boriei Filhol 1876

†Pachycynodon crassirostris Schlosser 1888

†Pachycynodon curvirostris Filhol 1876

†Pachycynodon dubius Filhol 1882

Invalid names: Pachycynodon vulpinus Schlosser 1899 [synonym]

†Pachycynodon filholi Schlosser 1888

†Pachycynodon obtusus Dehm 1935

†Pachycynodon tenuis Teilhard 1915

Invalid names: Paracynodon Schlosser 1899 [synonym]

G. †Parictis Scott 1893

†Parictis gilpini Clark and Guensburg 1972

†Parictis major Clark and Guensburg 1972

†Parictis montanus Clark and Guensburg 1972

†Parictis parvus Clark and Beerbower 1967

†Parictis personi Chaffee 1954

†Parictis primaevus Scott 1893

Invalid names: Campylocynodon Chaffee 1954 [synonym], Parietis Scott 1893 [objective synonym]

G. †Proplesictis Filhol 1881

†Proplesictis aymardi Filhol 1881

G. †Wangictis de Bonis et al. 2019

†Wangictis tedfordi Wang and Qiu 2003

G. †Eoarctos Wang et al. 2023

†Eoarctos vorax Wang et al. 2023

G. †Harpaleocyon Hürzeler 1944

Subfm. †Hemicyoninae Frick 1926

Tr. †Cephalogalini de Bonis 2013

G. †Adelpharctos De Bonis 1971

G. †Cephalogale Jourdan 1862

G. †Cyonarctos de Bonis 2013

G. †Filholictis de Bonis 2013

G. †Phoberogale Ginsburg and Morales 1995

G. †Dinocyon Jourdan 1861

†Dinocyon aurelianensis Frick 1926

†Dinocyon sansaniensis Frick 1926

†Dinocyon thenardi Jourdan 1861

G. †Hemicyon Lartet 1851

†Hemicyon barbouri Colbert 1941

†Hemicyon goriachensis Toula 1884

†Hemicyon grivensis Frick 1926

†Hemicyon mayorali Astibia et al. 2000

†Hemicyon minor Dépéret 1887

†Hemicyon sansaniensis Lartet 1851

†Hemicyon statzlingii Frick 1926

G. †Phoberocyon Ginsburg 1955

†Phoberocyon aurelianensis Mayet 1908

†Phoberocyon huerzeleri Ginsburg 1955

†Phoberocyon johnhenryi White 1947

†Phoberocyon youngi Xiang 1986

G. †Plithocyon Ginsburg 1955

†Plithocyon armagnacensis Ginsburg 1955

†Plithocyon barstowensis Frick 1926

Invalid names: Hemicyon californicus Frick 1926 [synonym]

†Plithocyon teilhardi Colbert 1939

†Plithocyon ursinus Cope 1875

G. †Zaragocyon Ginsburg and Morales 1995

†Zaragocyon daamsi Ginsburg and Morales 1995

G. †Metarctos Gaudry 1860

G. †Proarctotherium Ameghino 1904

†Proarctotherium vetustum Ameghino 1885

Subfm. Ursinae Swainson 1835

Tr. †Arctotheriini Jiangzuo and Flynn 2020

G. †Arctodus Leidy 1854

Invalid names: Dinarctotherium Barbour 1916 [synonym], Tremarctotherium Kraglievich 1926 [synonym]

G. †Arctotherium Bravard 1857

G. †Plionarctos Frick 1926

G. Tremarctos Gervais 1855

G. †Aurorarctos Jiangzuo and Flynn 2020

†Aurorarctos tirawa Jiangzuo and Flynn 2020

G. †Ballusia Ginsburg and Morales 1998

†Ballusia elmensis Stehlin 1917

†Ballusia orientalis QIU et al. 1985

†Ballusia zhegalloi Sotnikova et al. 2021

G. Melursus Meyer 1793

Melursus ursinus Shaw 1791 [sloth bear]

Invalid names: Arceus niger Goldfuss 1809 [synonym]

G. †Protarctos Kretzoi 1945

†Protarctos abstrusus Bjork 1970

†Protarctos yinanensis Li 1993

Tr. †Ursavini

G. †Ursavus Schlosser 1899

Tr. Ursini

G. Ursus Linnaeus 1758

Invalid names: Arceus Goldfuss 1809 [synonym], Arcticonus Pocock 1917 [synonym], Chondrorhynchus Fisher 1814 [synonym], Danis Gray 1825 [synonym], Euarctos Gray 1864 [synonym], Helarctos Horsfield 1826 [synonym], Melanarctos Heude 1898 [synonym], Mylarctos Lönnberg 1923 [synonym], Myrmarctos Gray 1864 [synonym], Prochilus Illiger 1811 [synonym], Selenarctos Heude 1901 [synonym], Thalarctos Gray 1825 [synonym], Thalassarctos Gray 1825 [synonym], Thalassiarchus Kobelt 1896 [synonym], Ursarctos Heude 1898 [synonym], Vetularctos Merriam 1918 [synonym]

Invalid names: Tremarctini [empty]

G. †Ursulus Kretzoi 1954

Invalid names: Agriotheriinae [empty], Myadina Gray 1825 [empty], Phoberocyoninae Ginsburg and Morales 1995 [empty], Taxina Gray 1825 [empty], Tremarctinae Merriam and Stock 1925 [empty]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

phosphaticsubp

Environment:

terrestrialsubc

Locomotion:

actively mobilep

Life habit:

ground dwellingo

Diet:

carnivoreo

Diet 2:

omnivoreo

Reproduction:

viviparoussubc

Created:

2005-08-26 13:31:06

Modified:

2005-08-26 15:31:06

Source: o = order, subc = subclass, subp = subphylum, p = phylum

References: Lillegraven 1979, Ji et al. 2002, Kiessling 2004, Nowak 1999, Carroll 1988

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Chadronian to the top of the Holocene or 37.00000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 33.9 Ma

Collections (849 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Oldest occurrences
Chadronian	37.0 - 33.9	USA (Nebraska)	Parictis gilpini (16958 17040) Parictis sp. (17014)
Chadronian	37.0 - 33.9	Canada (Saskatchewan)	Parictis parvus (16919)
Chadronian	37.0 - 33.9	USA (South Dakota)	Parictis dakotensis (16913 16969) Parictis dakotensis, Parictis gilpini, Parictis parvus (16885) Parictis dakotensis, Parictis major (17006)
Chadronian	37.0 - 33.9	USA (Wyoming)	Campylocynodon personi (16907) Daphoenus sp. (17045) Parictis dakotensis (16974) Parictis gilpini (16933 16998 17024) Parictis sp. (16961 16962 16963 16964) Subparictis parvus (16960)
Chadronian	37.0 - 33.9	USA (Montana)	Parictis montanus (16946 16988)
Chadronian	37.0 - 33.9	USA (Colorado)	Parictis dakotensis (16977)
Late/Upper Chadronian - Orellan	37.0 - 31.8	USA (Nebraska)	Subparictis dakotensis, Ursoidea indet. (230806)
Orellan	33.9 - 31.8	USA (South Dakota)	Subparictis dakotensis (17094)
Orellan	33.9 - 31.8	USA (Colorado)	Drassonax harpagops (17082)
Orellan	33.9 - 31.8	USA (Wyoming)	Parictis gilpini (17147)
Early/Lower Oligocene	33.9 - 27.3	Mongolia	Pachycynodon teilhardi (53979)
Early/Lower Oligocene	33.9 - 27.3	Mongolia (Övörkhangai)	Amphicynodon sp., Amphicynodon teilhardi (180961 201191) Amphicynodon teilhardi (53978)
Early/Lower Oligocene	33.9 - 27.3	China (Nei Mongol)	Amphicynodon sp. (174759) Amphicynodon sp., Pachycynodon tedfordi (175386) Cephalogale sp. (175387)
Early/Lower Oligocene	33.9 - 27.3	France (Auvergne Region)	Amphicynodon velaunus, Cynodon palustris, Proplesictis aymardi (31767)
Early/Lower Oligocene	33.9 - 27.3	France (Quercy, Midi-Pyrenees Region)	Cynodictis gracilis (31583)
MP 21	33.9 - 27.3	Czechia	Cephalogale sp. (91467)
MP 21	33.9 - 27.3	France (Quercy)	Cynodictis brachyrostris (36708)
MP 22	33.9 - 27.3	France	Amphicynodon leptorhynchus, Pachycynodon borei, Cephalogale minor (183452)
MP 22	33.9 - 27.3	France (Midi-Pyrenées)	Pachycynodon sp., Amphicynodon sp. 2, Pachycynodon boriei, Pachycynodon crassirostris, Amphicynodon typicus, Pachycynodon dubius, Pachycynodon filholi (167537) Pachycynodon sp., Pachycynodon boriei, Pachycynodon crassirostris (167513)
MP 22	33.9 - 27.3	France (Quercy)	Pachycynodon sp. (179142) Pachycynodon sp. 1, Cephalogale sp. (179140)