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Malvaceae (mallow)

Angiospermae - Malvales - Malvaceae

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1789Malvaceae de Jussieu
1919Malvaceae Knowlton
1926Malvaceae Knowlton
1986Aristotelicaulon Sheikh et al.
2000Malvaceae Mabberley
2014Malvaceae Xie and Manchester
2015Malvaceae Li and Oskolski
2016Malvaceae The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group p. 18

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomPlantae
subkingdomViridiplantaeCavalier-Smith 1981
—Streptophyta(Jeffrey 1971)
superphylumEmbryophyta()
—Tracheophyta(Sinnott 1935)
phylumSpermatophyta
classAngiospermae
RankNameAuthor
—Rosids
—Eurosids
—Malvids
orderMalvales
familyMalvaceaede Jussieu 1789
familyMalvaceaede Jussieu 1789

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Fm. Malvaceae de Jussieu 1789 [mallow]
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G. Abutilon Miller 1754
G. Allobriquetia Bovini 2021
G. Androcalva Wilkins and Whitlock 2011
G. Apeiba Aublet 1775
G. †Bombaciphyllum Engelhardt 1891
+
†Bombaciphyllum opacum Engelhardt 1891
G. †Bombacoxylon Gottwald 1969
+
†Bombacoxylon pondaungense Licht et al. 2014
G. †Daberocarpon Chitaley and Sheikh 1973
+
†Daberocarpon gerhardii Chitaley and Sheikh 1973
G. †Discoidites Muller
Subfm. Dombeyoideae Beilschmied
+
G. Burretiodendron Rehder 1936
+
†Burretiodendron miocenicum Lebreton Anberrée and Zhou 2015
†Burretiodendron parvifructum Lebreton Anberrée and Zhou 2015
G. Firmiana Marsili 1786
+
†Firmiana yunnanensis Xie and Manchester 2014
G. Guazuma Miller 1754
G. †Heritieroxylon Lakhanpal et al. 1981
+
†Heritieroxylon arunachalensis Lakhanpal et al. 1981
G. †Hibiscoxylon Kräusel 1939
+
†Hibiscoxylon intertrappeum Trivedi and Ambwani 1971
†Hibiscoxylon niloticum Kräusel 1939
Invalid names: Hibiscoxylon mohgaoense Paradkar and Soman 1972 [nomen nudum]
G. Hibiscus Linnaeus 1753 [rosemallow]
+
Hibiscus abelmoschus Linnaeus 1753
Hibiscus esculentus Linnaeus 1753
Hibiscus ficulneus Linnaeus 1753
Hibiscus hirtus Linnaeus 1753
Hibiscus malvaviscus Linnaeus 1753
Hibiscus manihot Linnaeus 1753
Hibiscus moscheutos Linnaeus 1753
Hibiscus mutabilis Linnaeus 1753
Hibiscus palustris Linnaeus 1753
Hibiscus pentacarpos Linnaeus 1753
Hibiscus populneus Linnaeus 1753
Hibiscus rosasinensis Linnaeus 1753
Hibiscus sabdariffa Linnaeus 1753
Hibiscus surattensis Linnaeus 1753
Hibiscus syriacus Linnaeus 1753
Hibiscus tiliaceus Linnaeus 1753
Hibiscus trionum Linnaeus 1753
Hibiscus virginicus Linnaeus 1753
Hibiscus vitifolius Linnaeus 1753
Hibiscus zeylonicus Linnaeus 1753
G. †Hightea Bowerbank 1840
+
†Hightea attenuata Bowerbank 1840
†Hightea elegans Bowerbank 1840
†Hightea elliptica Bowerbank 1840
†Hightea fusiformis Bowerbank 1840
†Hightea inflata Bowerbank 1840
†Hightea minima Bowerbank 1840
†Hightea orbicularis Bowerbank 1840
†Hightea oviformis Bowerbank 1840
†Hightea turbinata Bowerbank 1840
†Hightea turgida Bowerbank 1840
G. Luehea Schmidt 1793
G. Malva Linnaeus 1753 [mallow]
+
Malva aegyptia Linnaeus 1753
Malva alcea Linnaeus 1753
Malva americana Linnaeus 1753
Malva bryonifolia Linnaeus 1753
Malva capensis Linnaeus 1753
Malva caroliniana Linnaeus 1753
Malva coromandeliana Linnaeus 1753
†Malva hesperia Knowlton 1926
Malva hispanica Linnaeus 1753
Malva mauritiana Linnaeus 1753
Malva moschata Linnaeus 1753
Malva peruviana Linnaeus 1753
Malva rotundifolia Linnaeus 1753
Malva sylvestris Linnaeus 1753
Malva tomentosa Linnaeus 1753
Malva verticillata Linnaeus 1753
G. †Malvacarpus Berry 1925
+
†Malvacarpus tertiarius Berry 1925
G. †Malvacearumpollis Nagy
+
†Malvacearumpollis indicus Mathur and Chopra 1987
†Malvacearumpollis pleistocenicus Mathur and Chopra 1987
G. †Malvaciphyllum Anzótegui and Cristalli 2000
+
†Malvaciphyllum macondicus Carvalho et al. 2011
†Malvaciphyllum quenquiadensis Anzótegui and Cristalli 2000
G. Malvastrum Gray 1848
+
†Malvastrum exhumatum Cockerell 1906
G. †Malvocarpon Hollick 1928
+
†Malvocarpon clarum Hollick 1928
G. †Manihotites Berry 1910
+
†Manihotites georgiana Berry 1910
G. Marcanodendron Doweld 2021
G. Mortoniodendron Standley and Steyermark 1938
G. Rhodognaphalon Roberty 1953
G. Sterculia Linnaeus 1753 [tropical chestnut]
+
†Sterculia aperta Lesquereux 1883
Sterculia balanghas Linnaeus 1753
†Sterculia berryana Knowlton 1918
†Sterculia coriacea Knowlton 1918
†Sterculia elegans Fontaine 1889
†Sterculia engleri Kirchner 1898
Sterculia foetida Linnaeus 1753
†Sterculia kathgodamense Prasad 1994
†Sterculia lineariloba Lesquereux 1874
†Sterculia lugubris Lesquereux 1883
†Sterculia minima Berry 1906
†Sterculia mioensifolia Prasad and Pandey 2008
†Sterculia mucronata Lesquereux 1891
†Sterculia patagonica Menéndez 1959
†Sterculia platanoides Menéndez 1959
†Sterculia prelabrusca Hollick 1906
†Sterculia premontana Prasad and Pandey 2006
†Sterculia puryearensis Berry 1916
†Sterculia reticulata Lesquereux 1891
†Sterculia rigida Lesquereux 1883
†Sterculia saportanea Knowlton 1898
†Sterculia snowii Lesquereux 1891
+
Invalid names: Sterculia drakei Cummins 1891 [synonym]
†Sterculia tertiara Shashi et al. 2006
†Sterculia tripartita Lesquereux 1874
+
Invalid names: Sterculia obtusiloba Lesquereux 1883 [synonym]
†Sterculia vetustula Dawson 1885
†Sterculia washburnii Berry 1928
Invalid names: Sterculia mohgaonsis Patki and Paradkar 1986 [nomen nudum]
G. †Sterculites Dawson 1888
G. Urena Linnaeus 1753
+
Urena lobata Linnaeus 1753
†Urena palaeolobata Awasthi and Lakhanpal 1990
Urena procumbens Linnaeus 1753
Urena sinuata Linnaeus 1753
G. †Wataria Terada and Suzuki 1998
+
†Wataria yunnanica Li and Oskolski 2015
G. †Wheeleroxylon Estrada-Ruiz et al. 2010
+
†Wheeleroxylon atascosense Estrada-Ruiz et al. 2010
Invalid names: Aristotelicaulon Sheikh et al. 1986 [nomen nudum]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Diet: "photoautotroph"p
Created: 2011-07-22 00:04:15
Modified: 2011-07-21 09:04:15
Source: p = phylum
Reference: Kiessling 2009

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Middle Albian to the top of the Holocene or 110.10000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 100.5 Ma

Collections (170 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Cretaceous143.1 - 66.0Argentina (Chubut) Sterculia patagonica, Sterculia platanoides (153393)
Albian113.2 - 100.5USA (Kansas) Sterculia towneri (102713 102714 102720 102992) Sterculia towneri, Sterculia mucronata (29018 102722)
Middle Albian - Late/Upper Albian110.1 - 100.5USA (Virginia) Sterculia elegans (106317)
Middle Albian - Late/Upper Albian110.1 - 100.5USA (Wyoming) Sterculia mucronata (31186)
Early/Lower Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9Canada (British Columbia) Sterculia aperta (31904)
Late/Upper Cretaceous100.5 - 66.0USA (Wyoming) Sterculia towneri (31383)
Late/Upper Coniacian - Santonian89.8 - 83.6USA (Georgia) Manihotites georgiana (28321)
Early/Lower Campanian83.6 - 72.2USA (Wyoming) Manihotites georgiana (27314)
Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian83.6 - 66.0Antarctica Sterculia washburnii (150273)
Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian83.6 - 66.0USA (Georgia) Manihotites georgiana (212693)
Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian83.6 - 66.0Mexico Wheeleroxylon atascosense (116346)
Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0USA (North Dakota) Discoidites parvistriatus (234574 234615 234616 234618 234619)
Danian66.0 - 61.66USA (North Dakota) Discoidites parvistriatus (234597 234612 234622 234623 234624 234625 234626 234627 234628)
Danian66.0 - 61.66Argentina (Chubut) Malvaceae SA 058, Sterculia acuminataloba (133752 133753)
Paleocene66.0 - 56.0Argentina (Chubut) Sterculia acuminataloba (167857)
Paleogene66.0 - 23.04India (Maharashtra) Aristotelicaulon nagpurii (227844) Hibiscoxylon intertrappeum (224626)
Paleogene66.0 - 23.04India (Madhya Pradesh) Daberocarpon gerhardii, Hibiscoxylon mohgaoense, Sterculia mohgaonsis (224606)
Middle Paleocene - Late/Upper Paleocene61.66 - 56.0Colombia (Guajira) Malvaciphyllum macondicus (133598)
Middle Paleocene - Late/Upper Paleocene61.66 - 56.0Colombia Malvaceae CJ17, Malvaceae CJ25, Malvaceae CJ36 (134513 134515) Malvaceae CJ25 (134748 134749 134754 134758) Malvaceae CJ25, Malvaceae CJ36 (134746)
Ypresian56.0 - 48.07United Kingdom (England) Hightea elliptica (21249) Hightea elliptica, Hightea elegans, Hightea attenuata, Hightea fusiformis, Hightea inflata, Hightea oviformis, Hightea turbinata, Hightea orbicularis, Hightea minima, Hightea turgida (22811) Hightea elliptica, Hightea turgida (22806)
Early/Lower Eocene - Late/Upper Miocene56.0 - 5.333Argentina Malvacarpus guinazui, Sterculia guinazui, Sterculia washburnii, Sterculia patagonica (32201)
Bridgerian51.1 - 45.9USA (Wyoming) Sterculia coloradensis (21389)
Middle Eocene - Late/Upper Eocene48.07 - 33.9China (Liaoning) Firmiana sp. (223815)
Bartonian41.03 - 37.71Myanmar (Sagaing) Discoidites sp., Discoidites angulosus, Discoidites pilosus (227631)
Bartonian41.03 - 37.71Myanmar (Magway Division) Heritieroxylon arunachalensis (83522)
Bartonian41.03 - 37.71Myanmar Bombacoxylon pondaungense (78057)
Late/Upper Eocene37.71 - 33.9Myanmar (Sagaing) Discoidites angulosus (227698 227709) Discoidites angulosus, Discoidites pilosus (227710) Discoidites borneensis (227651) Discoidites pilosus (227724) Discoidites sp. (227634 227646 227647 227648 227652 227662 227666 227668 227669 227673 227675 227714 227804 227806) Discoidites sp., Discoidites angulosus (227632 227665 227676 227720 227780) Discoidites sp., Discoidites angulosus, Discoidites borneensis (227674 227700 227801) Discoidites sp., Discoidites angulosus, Discoidites borneensis, Discoidites pilosus (227671 227672 227782) Discoidites sp., Discoidites angulosus, Discoidites pilosus (227663 227667 227699 227800 227803) Discoidites sp., Discoidites borneensis (227664 227784 227788) Discoidites sp., Discoidites pilosus (227649 227721 227785 227787)
Chadronian37.0 - 33.9USA (Colorado) Sterculia rigida (24209)
Early/Lower Oligocene33.9 - 27.3Peru (Piura) Malvacarpus octolocolus (64545)
Early/Lower Oligocene33.9 - 27.3Japan (Fukuoka) Wataria oligocenica (224520)
Late/Upper Oligocene - Middle Miocene27.3 - 11.63Argentina (Tierra del Fuego) Malvacearumpollis mannanensis (169381)
Miocene - Oligocene23.04 - 23.04Peru Malvacarpus octoloculus (139872)
Early/Lower Miocene23.04 - 15.98Panama Malvaceae indet. (32390 32391 32392 32393 32395 32396 32397 32399 32400 32401) Malvaceae indet., Guazuma sp. (32394)
Early/Lower Miocene23.04 - 15.98Brazil (Para) Apeiba pulchra (112580)
Early/Lower Miocene - Middle Miocene23.04 - 11.63China (Yunnan) Burretiodendron parvifructum, Burretiodendron miocenicum (224412)
Early/Lower Miocene - Late/Upper Miocene23.04 - 5.333Argentina (Chubut) Sterculia patagonica (32098)
Early/Lower Miocene - Late/Upper Miocene23.04 - 5.333Argentina (Santa Cruz) Sterculia washburnii (31545)
Miocene23.04 - 5.333USA (Washington) Malva hesperia (224391)
Miocene23.04 - 5.333China (Fujian) Sterculia sp. (223929)
Miocene23.04 - 5.333USA (Massachusetts) Malvaceae indet. (231824)
Miocene23.04 - 5.333USA (Montana) Sterculia wilcoxiana (23973)
Early/Lower Miocene - Late/Upper Pliocene23.04 - 2.58Peru (Loreto) Guazuma teriaria (31226)
Miocene - Pliocene23.04 - 2.58India (Bihar) Urena palaeolobata (223029)
Miocene - Pliocene23.04 - 2.58Nepal Sterculia mioensifolia, Sterculia premontana (222975)
Miocene - Pliocene23.04 - 2.58India (Uttarakhand) Sterculia tertiara (222808)
Burdigalian20.45 - 15.98China (Shandong) Firmiana sinomiocenica (223803)
Middle Miocene15.98 - 11.63Argentina (Catamarca) Malvaciphyllum quenquiadensis (138962)
Middle Miocene15.98 - 11.63China (Yunnan) Wataria yunnanica (224410)
Middle Miocene15.98 - 11.63Australia (New south wales) Malvacearumpollis sp. (168994)
Middle Miocene15.98 - 11.63Bhutan Sterculia miocenica (223595)
Middle Miocene15.98 - 11.63India (Arunachal Pradesh) Heritieroxylon arunachalensis (224743)
Middle Miocene15.98 - 11.63Argentina (Tucumán) Malvaciphyllum quenquiadensis (137296)
Middle Miocene15.98 - 11.63India (Uttarakhand) Sterculia kathgodamense (222797)
Tortonian11.63 - 7.246Panama Malvaceae indet. (187583)
Late/Upper Miocene11.63 - 5.333China (Yunnan) Burretiodendron parvifructum (224413) Firmiana yunnanensis (222695)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.58Panama Malvaceae indet. (32306 32307 32308 32312) Mortoniodendron sp. (32304)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.58Brazil (Maranhão ) Malvaciphyllum sp. (137300)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.58Portugal Mortoniodendron sp. (232125 232148)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.58 - 0.774Australia (Victoria) Malvaceae indet. (172874 172880 172881 172882 172884)
Pleistocene2.58 - 0.0117Congo-Kinshasa Malvaceae indet. (22117)
Pleistocene2.58 - 0.0117Australia (Queensland) Malvaceae indet. (168889)
Pleistocene2.58 - 0.0117India (Jammu and Kashmir) Malvaceae indet. (228772)
Pleistocene2.58 - 0.0117India (West Bengal) Malvaceae indet. (224677 228819)
Quaternary2.58 - 0.0India (Uttarakhand) Malvaceae indet. (228809)
Quaternary2.58 - 0.0India (Tamil Nadu) Malvaceae indet. (228848)
Quaternary2.58 - 0.0India (Rajasthan) Malvaceae indet., Sterculia sp. (228811) Sterculia sp. (228812)
Quaternary2.58 - 0.0India (West Bengal) Malvaceae indet. (228794 228821)
Quaternary2.58 - 0.0India (Himachal Pradesh) Malvaceae indet. (228761 228776)
Calabrian - Holocene1.8 - 0.0Congo-Kinshasa Malvaceae indet. (22072)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117India (Assam) Malvaceae indet. (228759)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Argentina (Buenos Aires) Malvaceae sp. (136951)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0India (Uttarakhand) Malvaceae indet. (228762 228773)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0New Zealand (South Island) Malvaceae indet. (215612)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0India (West Bengal) Malvaceae indet. (228796)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0India (Tamil Nadu) Malvaceae indet. (228788)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Bahamas (Great Abaco Island) Abutilon sp., Hibiscus sp. (144662)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0India (Uttar Pradesh) Malvaceae indet. (228820)