Basic info Taxonomic history Classification Included Taxa
Morphology Ecology and taphonomy External Literature Search Age range and collections

Protocardiinae

Bivalvia - Cardiida - Cardiidae

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1846Protocardiinae Reuss
1976Protocardiinae Moore p. 47
1978Protocardiinae Maxwell p. 16
1980Protocardiinae Vokes p. 128
1982Protocardiinae Dockery p. 72
1982Protocardiinae Woodring p. 644
1984Protocardiinae Squires p. 49
1987Protocardiinae Squires p. 65
1995Protocardiinae Schneider p. 339
2006Protocardiinae Poutiers
2010Protocardiinae Bouchet et al.
2011Protocardiinae Carter et al. p. 15
2015Protocardiinae Hickman p. 18

Is something missing? Join the Paleobiology Database and enter the data

RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
Bilateria
EubilateriaAx 1987
Protostomia
Spiralia
superphylumLophotrochozoa
phylumMollusca
classBivalvia
Eubivalvia
subclassAutobranchia(Groblen 1894)
infraclassHeteroconchia(Gray 1854)
CardiomorphiFerussac 1822
RankNameAuthor
CardioniFerussac 1822
CardiidiaFerussac 1822
CardiataFerussac 1822
superorderCardiiformiiFerussac 1822
orderCardiidaFerussac 1822
suborderCardiidinaFerussac 1822
CardioideiFerussac 1822
superfamilyCardioidea(Lamarck 1809)
familyCardiidaeLamarck 1809
subfamilyProtocardiinaeReuss 1846
subfamilyProtocardiinaeReuss 1846

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Subfm. Protocardiinae Reuss 1846
show all | hide all
G. †Anechinocardium Hickman 2015
+
Anechinocardium formosum Hickman 1969
+
Invalid names: Cardium lorenzana Arnold 1925 [synonym]
Anechinocardium weaveri Anderson and Martin 1914
G. Frigidocardium Habe 1951
+
Frigidocardium eos Kuroda 1929
Frigidocardium helios Ter Poorten 2009
Frigidocardium iris Huber and Ter Poorten 2007
Frigidocardium kiranum Sakurai and Habe 1966
Frigidocardium sancticaroli Ter Poorten 2009
G. Lyrocardium Meek 1876
+
Lyrocardium aurantiacum Adams and Reeve 1850
Lyrocardium lyratum Sowerby II 1940
G. Microcardium Thiele 1934
+
Microcardium microtatum Woodring 1982
Microcardium pollostum Woodring 1982
Microcardium velatum Ter Poorten and Poutiers 2009
Invalid names: Decussicardium Fischer-Piette 1977 [synonym], Tobarum [synonym]
G. †Protocardia Beyrich 1845
+
Subg. †Protocardia (Leptocardia) Meek 1876
+
Leptocardia borealis Whiteaves 1885
Subg. †Protocardia (Pachycardium) Conrad 1869
+
Pachycardium coronaensis Packard 1922
Subg. †Protocardia (Tamilicardia) Chiplonkar and Tapaswi 1976
Protocardia alcesiana McLearn 1933
Protocardia buckmani Morris and Lycett 1853
Protocardia dufrenoyca Buvignier 1852
Protocardia eduliformis Roemer 1836
Protocardia gambrina Gabb 1861
Protocardia hillana Sowerby 1813
Protocardia intexta Muenster 1837
Protocardia lingulata Lycett 1863
Protocardia luggudensis Troedsson 1951
Protocardia peregrinorsa d'Orbigny 1842
Protocardia pesolina Contejean 1859
Protocardia philippiana Dunker 1847
Protocardia piettei Fischer 1969
Protocardia pulchella Chiplonkar and Tapaswi 1976
Protocardia razavii Repin 2013
Protocardia rhaetica Merian 1853
+
Invalid names: Protocardia proteus Krumbeck 1913 [synonym]
Protocardia salrivalis Harris 1919
Protocardia stantoni Wade 1926
Protocardia stonei Cragin 1893
Protocardia striatula Sowerby 1829
Protocardia stricklandi Morris and Lycett 1853
Protocardia subquadrata Evans and Shumard 1857
Protocardia texanum Conrad 1857
Protocardia truncata Sowerby 1827
Protocardia umkwelanensis Etheridge 1904
Protocardia virginiana Conrad 1864
Subg. †Protocardium (Brevicardium) Stephenson 1941
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: aragonitec
Locomotion: facultatively mobilef
Life habit: infaunalf
Diet: suspension feederf
Vision: blindc
Created: 2009-07-04 09:31:14
Modified: 2009-08-17 22:21:59
Source: f = family, c = class
References: Todd 2001, Aberhan et al. 2004

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Carnian to the top of the Late/Upper Pleistocene or 237.00000 to 0.01170 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 228.0 Ma

Collections (1188 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Carnian237.0 - 228.0Myanmar (Tenasserim) Protocardia sp. (44825)
Carnian237.0 - 228.0Laos Protocardia contusa (44800)
Late/Upper Triassic237.0 - 201.4Germany Cardium rhaeticum (202142)
Late/Upper Triassic237.0 - 201.4USA (Alaska) Protocardia sp. (112287 112288)
Norian228.0 - 208.5United Arab Emirates Protocardia rhaetica (41201)
Norian228.0 - 208.5Oman Protocardia rhaetica (41213)
Norian228.0 - 208.5Italy (Brescia) Cardium philippianum (203325)
Norian - Rhaetian228.0 - 201.3USA (Nevada) Protocardia sp. (210698 210700)
Lacian221.5 - 215.56Indonesia (Maluku) Protocardia contusa (204489) Protocardia contusa, Protocardia proteus (204487) Protocardia subrhaetica (204318)
Sevatian212.0 - 205.6Iran Protocardia contusa (49324 49327) Protocardia contusa, Protocardia rhaetica (49198)
Sevatian212.0 - 205.6Hungary Protocardia sp. (204765)
Sevatian - Rhaetian212.0 - 201.3Iran Protocardia contusa (48977 49031)
Rhaetian208.5 - 201.3Italy Cardium philippianum (204921) Protocardia rhaetica (38167 38168)
Rhaetian208.5 - 201.3United Kingdom (England) Protocardia phillipiana (163290) Protocardia phillipsi (163291) Protocardia sp. (120897) Protocardium rhaeticum (163306 163310)
Rhaetian208.5 - 201.3Netherlands Protocardia rhaetica (137658)
Rhaetian208.5 - 201.3China (Tibet) Protocardia rhaetica (201833)
Rhaetian208.5 - 201.3United Kingdom (Gloucestershire) Protocardia rhaetica (204164)
Rhaetian208.5 - 201.3China (Yunnan) Protocardia gryphaeata (201141)
Rhaetian208.5 - 201.3United Kingdom (Yorkshire) Protocardia rhaetica (219457 219458 219460 219461)
Rhaetian208.5 - 201.3Iran Protocardia contusa (48967 48968 48973 48984)