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Palaeospinacidae
Taxonomy
Palaeospinacidae was named by Regan (1906). It is not extant.
It was corrected as Paleospinacidae by Ginter et al. (2010).
It was assigned to Neoselachii by Thies (1983); to Galeomorphi by Müller and Diedrich (1991); to Galeomorphii by Peng et al. (2001); and to Synechodontiformes by Duffin and Ward (1993), Delsate and Godefroit (1995), Johns (1997), Siverson (1997), Rees (2000), Underwood (2002), Delsate et al. (2002), Kriwet (2003), Yamagishi (2004), Underwood and Ward (2004), Ivanov (2005), Underwood (2006), Ginter et al. (2010), Nelson et al. (2016), Stumpf and Kriwet (2019), Ebersole et al. (2022).
It was corrected as Paleospinacidae by Ginter et al. (2010).
It was assigned to Neoselachii by Thies (1983); to Galeomorphi by Müller and Diedrich (1991); to Galeomorphii by Peng et al. (2001); and to Synechodontiformes by Duffin and Ward (1993), Delsate and Godefroit (1995), Johns (1997), Siverson (1997), Rees (2000), Underwood (2002), Delsate et al. (2002), Kriwet (2003), Yamagishi (2004), Underwood and Ward (2004), Ivanov (2005), Underwood (2006), Ginter et al. (2010), Nelson et al. (2016), Stumpf and Kriwet (2019), Ebersole et al. (2022).
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1838 | Thyellina prisca Agassiz figs. Pl 39, figs 1,2 |
| 1843 | Thyellina prisca Agassiz p. 378 |
| 1872 | Palaeospinax Egerton |
| 1872 | Palaeospinax priscus Egerton |
| 1889 | Palaeospinax Woodward p. 321 |
| 1889 | Palaeospinax priscus Woodward p. 322 |
| 1906 | Palaeospinacidae Regan |
| 1963 | Palaeospinax Jordan p. 596 |
| 1982 | Palaeospinax Duffin p. 2 |
| 1983 | Palaeospinacidae Thies p. 11 |
| 1983 | Palaeospinax Thies p. 11 |
| 1983 | Palaeospinax priscus Thies p. 11 figs. pl. 1, figs 1-4 |
| 1991 | Palaeospinacidae Müller and Diedrich p. 46 |
| 1993 | Palaeospinacidae Duffin and Ward p. 58 |
| 1995 | Palaeospinacidae Delsate and Godefroit p. 28 |
| 1997 | Palaeospinacidae Johns p. 33 |
| 1997 | Palaeospinacidae Siverson p. 457 |
| 2000 | Palaeospinacidae Rees p. 416 |
| 2001 | Palaeospinacidae Peng et al. p. 11 |
| 2002 | Palaeospinacidae Delsate et al. p. 12 |
| 2002 | Palaeospinax Sepkoski |
| 2002 | Palaeospinacidae Underwood |
| 2003 | Palaeospinacidae Kriwet p. 585 |
| 2004 | Palaeospinacidae Underwood and Ward p. 477 |
| 2004 | Palaeospinacidae Yamagishi p. 570 |
| 2005 | Palaeospinacidae Ivanov p. 134 |
| 2006 | Palaeospinacidae Underwood p. 233 |
| 2010 | Paleospinacidae Ginter et al. p. 106 |
| 2016 | Palaeospinacidae Nelson et al. p. 59 |
| 2019 | Palaeospinacidae Stumpf and Kriwet p. 642 |
| 2022 | Palaeospinacidae Ebersole et al. p. 376 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. †Palaeospinacidae Regan 1906
show all | hide all
G. †Nemacanthus Agassiz 1836
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†Nemacanthus bosnensis Katzer 1916
†Nemacanthus elegans Evans 1904
†Nemacanthus filifer Agassiz 1836
†Nemacanthus minor Davis 1881
†Nemacanthus monilifer Agassiz 1836
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Invalid names: Desmacanthus cloacinus Quenstedt 1858 [synonym]
†Nemacanthus speciosus Winckler 1861
Invalid names: Desmacanthus Quenstedt 1858 [synonym]
G. †Palidiplospinax Klug and Kriwet 2008
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†Palidiplospinax enniskilleni Duffin and Ward 1993
†Palidiplospinax occultidens Duffin and Ward 1993
†Palidiplospinax smithwoodwardi Fraas 1896
G. †Synechodus Woodward 1888
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†Synechodus antiquus Ivanov 2005
†Synechodus clarki Eastman 1901
†Synechodus dereki Cappetta et al. 2019
†Synechodus duffini Underwood and Ward 2004
†Synechodus egertoni Woodward 1889
†Synechodus faxensis Davis 1890
†Synechodus filipi Siversson et al. 2015
†Synechodus incrementum Johns 1997
†Synechodus kessleri Sokolskyi and Guinot 2021
†Synechodus lerichei Herman 1977
†Synechodus levis Woodward 1889
†Synechodus multinodosus Johns 1997
†Synechodus nitidus Woodward 1912
†Synechodus paludinensis Delsate et al. 2002
†Synechodus plicatus Underwood 2002
†Synechodus prorogatus Kriwet 2003
†Synechodus rhaeticus Duffin 1982
†Synechodus riegrafi Thies 1983
†Synechodus rotheliusi Saugen et al. 2025
†Synechodus seinstedtensis Thies et al. 2014
†Synechodus streitzi Delsate et al. 2002
†Synechodus subulatus Rogovich 1861
†Synechodus subulatus Leriche 1951
†Synechodus sulcatus Davis 1888
†Synechodus tenuis Woodward 1889
†Synechodus triangulus Yamagishi 2004
†Synechodus turneri Case 1987
†Synechodus ungeri Klug 2009
†Synechodus validus Chapman 1918
†Synechodus volaticus Johns 1997
Invalid names: Hybodus bronnii Reuss 1845 [nomen dubium]
Invalid names: Palaeospinax Egerton 1872 [nomen dubium], Palaeospinax priscus Agassiz 1838 [nomen dubium]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: o = order, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Carroll 1988, Wagner 2023, Hendy et al. 2009 | |||||
Collections (272 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sakmarian | Russian Federation (Chelyabinsk) | Synechodus antiquus (90288) | |
| Artinskian | Russian Federation (Bashkortostan) | Synechodus antiquus (90289) | |
| Wordian | Oman | Nemacanthus sp. (140660) | |
| Dienerian | Türkiye | Palaeospinax sp. (120900) | |
| Smithian | USA (Idaho) | Cosmacanthus elegans (136684) | |
| Smithian | Russian Federation | Synechodus sp. (149342) | |
| Spathian | Japan (Ehime) | Synechodus sp. (148441 148442 148443 148444 148445 148446 148447 148448 148449 148450 148451 148452 148453 148454 148455) | |
| Spathian | Svalbard and Jan Mayen | Nemacanthus sp., Synechodus incrementum, Synechodus rotheliusi (196857) | |
| Spathian | Russian Federation | Synechodus sp. (149340) | |
| Spathian | USA (Idaho) | Cosmacanthus elegans (33319) | |
Youngest occurrences |
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| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | PBDB collection number |
| Late/Upper Campanian | France (Marne) | Synechodus lerichei (157588) | |
| Late/Upper Campanian | Canada (British Columbia) | Synechodus dereki (221571 221572) | |
| Middle Campanian | Canada (Alberta) | Synechodus turneri (45561) | |
| Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian | USA (New Jersey) | Synechodus sp. (221052) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian | USA (North Dakota) | Synechodus turneri (213582 213584 213589) | |
| Late/Upper Paleocene | USA (Maryland) | Synechodus clarki (84046) | |
| Thanetian | USA (Maryland) | Synechodus clarkia (124191) | |
| Ypresian | USA (California) | Synechodus sp. (122337) | |
| Lutetian | Barbados | Synechodus sp. (221164) | |
| Lutetian | USA (Alabama) | Synechodus sp. (13346) | |