PBDB Taxon

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Heterocoenia

Anthozoa - Scleractinia - Heterocoeniidae

Taxonomy

Heterocoenia was named by Milne-Edwards and Haime (1848) [Sepkoski's age data: J u K Maes Sepkoski's reference number: 796,920,1270]. It is not extant.

It was assigned to Cyathophorinae by Wells (1956); to Scleractinia by Sepkoski (2002); to Stylinidae by Squires and Demetrion (1992), López-Pérez (2005); and to Heterocoeniidae by Baron-Szabo (2006), Baron-Szabo (2021).

Species lacking formal opinion data

H. bacillaris, H. explanata, H. hideshimaensis, H. mojiensis, H. provincalis, H. provincialis, H. reussi

Synonyms

Bacillastraea is a genus. It is not extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Heterocoenia by Wells (1956).

It was assigned to Scleractinia by Alloiteau (1952).
Pachycoenia is a genus. It is not extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Heterocoenia by Baron-Szabo (2002).

It was assigned to Scleractinia by Sepkoski (2002).
Miyakosmilia was named by Eguchi (1936).

It was synonymized subjectively with Heterocoenia by Baron-Szabo (2009).

It was assigned to Cyathophorinae by Wells (1956); and to Scleractinia by Sepkoski (2002).
Hexasmilia was named by de Fromentel (1870). Its type is Hexasmilia ferryi.

It was synonymized subjectively with Heterocoenia by Wells (1956), Baron-Szabo (2016).

It was assigned to Heterocoeniidae by Löser (2008).
Paronastraea was named by Beauvais (1977) [Sepkoski's age data: K m Sepkoski's reference number: 658]. It is not extant.

It was misspelled as Paronastrara by Sepkoski (2002); it was synonymized subjectively with Heterocoenia by Baron-Szabo (2002).

It was assigned to Scleractinia by Sepkoski (2002).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1848	Heterocoenia Milne-Edwards and Haime
1870	Hexasmilia de Fromentel
1936	Miyakosmilia Eguchi
1952	Bacillastraea Alloiteau
1956	Heterocoenia Wells
1956	Miyakosmilia Wells
1977	Paronastraea Beauvais
1992	Heterocoenia Squires and Demetrion p. 18
2002	Heterocoenia Sepkoski
2002	Miyakosimilia Sepkoski
2002	Pachycoenia Sepkoski
2002	Paronastrara Sepkoski
2005	Heterocoenia López-Pérez p. 81
2006	Heterocoenia Baron-Szabo p. 89
2008	Hexasmilia Löser
2021	Heterocoenia Baron-Szabo

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
phylum	Cnidaria	Hatschek 1888
class	Anthozoa	Ehrenberg 1834
—	Hexacorallia	()

Rank	Name	Author
order	Scleractinia	Bourne 1900
suborder	Heterocoeniina	Beauvais 1977
family	Heterocoeniidae	Oppenheim 1930
genus	Heterocoenia	Milne-Edwards and Haime 1848

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Heterocoenia Milne-Edwards and Haime 1848

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†Heterocoenia bacellaris Goldfuss 1826

†Heterocoenia balkhanensis Kuzmicheva 1987

†Heterocoenia crassa de Fromentel 1861

†Heterocoenia decipiens Hackemesser 1936

†Heterocoenia decipiens ramosa Hackemesser 1936

†Heterocoenia dendroides Reuss 1854

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Invalid names: Heterocoenia garumnica Vidal 1921 [synonym]

†Heterocoenia densa Eguchi 1936

†Heterocoenia distans Milne et al. 1848

†Heterocoenia erecta Felix 1903

†Heterocoenia exigua Michelin 1846

†Heterocoenia fuchsi Felix 1903

†Heterocoenia gracilis Quenstedt 1881

†Heterocoenia grandis Reuss 1854

†Heterocoenia hilli Wells 1932

†Heterocoenia inflexa Eichwald 1865

†Heterocoenia minima d'Orbigny 1850

†Heterocoenia minuta Morycowa 1971

†Heterocoenia minutisima Reig 1997

†Heterocoenia pusilla Reig Oriol 1992

†Heterocoenia tetraseptata Eguchi 1951

†Heterocoenia verrucosa Reuss 1854

†Heterocoenia washitaensis Wells 1933

Invalid names: Bacillastraea [synonym], Hexasmilia de Fromentel 1870 [synonym], Miyakosmilia Eguchi 1936 [synonym], Pachycoenia [synonym], Paronastraea Beauvais 1977 [synonym]

Diagnosis

Reference	Diagnosis
R.C. Baron-Szabo 2021	Colonial massive, hemispherical, foliose, encrusting, ramose, plocoid, cerio-plocoid, (sub-) fasciculate; subphaceloid to reptoid when developments of coenosteum reduced. Budding extracalicular, extracalicular-marginal, and by septal division often dividing the corallite in three new ones (“trinity-arrangement” sensu Baron-Szabo, 2014). Corallites circular to elongate or irregularly polygonal in outline. They are directly united by their walls, or separated by extensive vesicular to dense coenosteum, or loosely connected by fragments of exotheca in form of traverses. Septa compact, arranged in various symmetries (e.g., trimerally, hexamerally, bilaterally, indistinct). One main septum, with remaining septa sometimes reduced to rudimentary spines. Costate zone present, weakly developed, or absent. Colony surface granulated or smooth. Columella, synapticulae, and paliform structures absent. Intertrabecular distance ranging between 60 and 120 μm in septa. Endothecal dissepiments thin, mainly tabulate to subtabulate, vesicular (often in peripheral and thecal areas). Exothecal dissepiments large vesicular. Wall often thick, possibly septothecal and paraseptothecal. Corallite wall tends to become more flaky, “bubbly” (cf. sclerenchymal deposits sensu Kołodziej, 1995, p. 4), and disintegrated during the process of budding.

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

aragonitef

Grouping:

colonialf

Clonal:

yeso

Environment:

marineo

Locomotion:

stationaryf

Attached:

yesf

Life habit:

intermediate-level epifaunalo

Diet:

photosymbioticf

Diet 2:

suspension feederf

Vision:

blindc

Reproduction:

alternatingo

Asexual:

yeso

Dispersal:

watero

Dispersal 2:

planktonico

Created:

2008-02-16 12:54:00

Modified:

2008-02-16 14:54:00

Source: f = family, o = order, c = class

References: Kiessling 2004, Kiessling 2008

Age range: base of the Early/Lower Tithonian to the top of the Lutetian or 149.20000 to 41.03000 Ma

Collections (45 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Early/Lower Tithonian	149.2 - 145.06	Italy	H. minutisima (154046)
Late/Upper Berriasian	139.1 - 137.05	Austria	H. inflexa (192211)
Valanginian	137.05 - 132.6	Switzerland (Alpstein )	H. inflexa (233521)
Barremian	125.77 - 121.4	Mexico (Puebla)	H. pusilla (89865)
Early/Lower Barremian	125.77 - 121.4	Turkmenistan	H. balkhanensis (91685)
Late/Upper Barremian	125.77 - 121.4	Bulgaria	Hexasmilia sp. (151443)
Late/Upper Barremian - Early/Lower Aptian	125.77 - 119.57	Austria	H. minima, H. inflexa (221476)
Early/Lower Aptian	121.4 - 119.57	Greece	H. sp. (34719 60375)
Early/Lower Aptian	121.4 - 119.57	Switzerland	H. minima (221503)
Early/Lower Aptian	121.4 - 119.57	Germany	H. sp., H. minima (221477)
Early/Lower Aptian	121.4 - 119.57	Romania	H. sp., H. minima (69201)
Late/Upper Aptian	119.57 - 113.2	Spain	Hexasmilia elmari (67606) Hexasmilia sp., Hexasmilia elmari (67607)
Late/Upper Aptian	119.57 - 113.2	Spain (Valencia)	Hexasmilia elmari (84708)
Late/Upper Aptian	119.57 - 113.2	Japan (Iwate)	H. explanata, H. tetraseptata, Miyakosmilia densa (91282) H. hideshimaensis (91327) H. hideshimaensis, H. mojiensis (91324) H. sp., H. hideshimaensis (91328) Miyakosmilia ishidai (91325)
Early/Lower Albian	113.2 - 110.1	USA (Texas)	H. hilli (74765)
Early/Lower Albian	113.2 - 110.1	Mexico	H. exigua (21254)
Albian	113.2 - 100.5	Greece	H. sp., H. minuta (74811)
Late/Upper Albian	106.3 - 100.5	USA (Texas)	H. washitaensis (123322)
Cenomanian	100.5 - 93.9	France	Pachycoenia sp. (74200)
Early/Lower Cenomanian	100.5 - 93.9	Spain	H. provincialis, H. sp. (23537)
Early/Lower Cenomanian	100.5 - 93.9	Greece	H. distans (203930)
Late/Upper Cenomanian	100.5 - 93.9	Germany	Pachycoenia clemens (74193)
Late/Upper Turonian - Coniacian	93.9 - 85.7	Austria	H. erecta (27296)
Turonian - Campanian	93.9 - 72.2	Georgia	H. fuchsi (91629)
Early/Lower Coniacian	89.8 - 85.7	Austria	H. provincalis (24265)
Late/Upper Santonian	85.7 - 83.6	France (Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur)	Hexasmilia ferryi (84709)
Santonian	85.7 - 83.6	Austria	H. grandis, H. exigua, H. verrucosa (74895)
Santonian	85.7 - 83.6	Spain	H. reussi (67610)
Santonian	85.7 - 83.6	Armenia	H. exigua (86675)
Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	Spain	H. dendroides, H. exigua, H. verrucosa (67084)
Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	Serbia	H. exigua (79226)
Late/Upper Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	Bulgaria	Pachycoenia corbariensis (67576)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	Netherlands (Limburg)	H. bacillaris (85271 85272 85273)
Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	Spain (Cataluna)	H. garumnica (88323)
Thanetian	59.24 - 56.0	Slovakia	Scleractinia indet. (88184)
Ypresian	56.0 - 48.07	Mexico (Baja California Sur)	H. sp. (5495)
Lutetian	48.07 - 41.03	Senegal (Thies)	Bacillastraea senegalensis (76723)