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Tetractinomorpha

Demospongiae

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1956Tetractinomorpha Lévi
1992Tetractinomorpha Rigby and Smith p. 407
2004Tetractinomorpha Finks et al. p. 724

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
phylumPoriferaGrant 1836
classDemospongiae(Sollas 1875)
RankNameAuthor
subclassTetractinomorphaLévi 1956
subclassTetractinomorphaLévi 1956

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Subcl. Tetractinomorpha Lévi 1956
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Fm. †Alpinothalamiidae Senowbari-Daryan 1990
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G. †Simiuvanella Senowbari-Daryan et al. 2015
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†Simiuvanella siciliana Senowbari-Daryan et al. 2015
G. †Atractosella Hinde 1887
Or. †Axinellida Bergquist 1967
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Fm. †Agelasidae Verrill 1907
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G. †Ropalospongia Mostler 1994
G. Astrosclerida Lister 1900
Fm. Axinellidae Carter 1875
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G. Axinella Schmidt 1862
Fm. Ceratoporellidae Hartmann and Goreau 1972
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G. †Preceratoporella Termier and Termier 1977
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†Preceratoporella tunisiana Termier and Termier 1977
Fm. †Cladocoropsidae Termier 1977
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G. †Cladocoropsis Felix 1907
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†Cladocoropsis dubertreti Hudson 1954
†Cladocoropsis lindstroemi Kano et al. 2007
G. †Sarmentofascis Termier 1977
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†Sarmentofascis benesti Termier 1977
†Sarmentofascis cretacica Turnsek 1968
†Sarmentofascis fasciculata Yabe and Sugiyama 1935
G. †Cylicoopsis Le Maitre 1937
Fm. †Neuroporidae Termier et al. 1985
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G. †Periomipora Termier 1985
Fm. †Syringostrominidae Lecompte 1952
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G. †Syringostromina Lecompte 1952
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†Syringostromina pruvosti Lecompte 1952
G. †Belemnospongia Ulrich 1889
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†Belemnospongia epiradiatus Rigby and Chatterton 1999
†Belemnospongia parmula Rigby et al. 1979
Fm. †Criccospongiidae Mostler 1986
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G. †Criccophorina Mostler 1986
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†Criccophorina praelonga Mostler 1986
G. †Incrustospongia Molineux 1994
Or. †Spirophorida Bergquist and Hogg 1969
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Fm. Samidae Sollas 1888
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G. Samus Gray 1867
Or. †Streptosclerophorida Finks et al. 2004
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Subor. †Eutaxicladina Finks et al. 2004
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Fm. †Hindiidae Rauff 1894
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G. †Arborohindia Rigby and Webby 1988
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†Arborohindia parva Rigby and Webby 1988
†Arborohindia uniforma Rigby and Webby 1988
G. †Belubulaspongia Rigby and Webby 1988
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†Belubulaspongia gigantea Rigby and Webby 1988
G. †Cotylahindia Rigby and Bayer 1971
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†Cotylahindia panaca Rigby and Bayer 1971
G. †Eoscheiella Carrera 2007
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†Eoscheiella concava Carrera 2007
G. †Fenestrospongia Rigby and Webby 1988
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†Fenestrospongia explanata Rigby and Webby 1988
G. †Hindia Duncan 1879
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†Hindia sphaeroidalis Duncan 1879
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Invalid names: Hindia fibrosa Roemer 1860 [synonym]
Invalid names: Sphaerolites Hinde 1875 [objective synonym]
G. †Mamelohindia Rigby and Webby 1988
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†Mamelohindia planata Rigby and Webby 1988
G. †Microspongia Miller and Dyer 1878
G. †Palmatohindia Rigby and Webby 1988
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†Palmatohindia cylindrica Rigby and Webby 1988
†Palmatohindia favosa Rigby and Webby 1988
†Palmatohindia multipora Rigby and Webby 1988
G. †Sadleria Rigby 1986
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†Sadleria pansa Rigby 1986
G. †Scheiella Finks 1971
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†Scheiella thesaurium Finks 1971
G. †Scheielloides Rigby 1986
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†Scheielloides conica Rigby 1986
G. †Scheiia Tschernyschew and Stepanow 1916
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†Scheiia tuberosa Tschernyschew and Stepanow 1916
G. †Syltrochos von Hacht 1981
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: silicasubc
Locomotion: stationarysubc
Attached: yessubc
Life habit: epifaunalsubc
Diet: suspension feedersubc
Vision: blindc
Comments: COMMENTS: Erect and surficial, non-motile attached suspension feeding according to Bambach et al. (2007)subc
Created: 2008-03-07 01:04:58
Modified: 2009-05-08 20:34:50
Source: subc = subclass, c = class
References: Whittington et al. 1997, Finks et al. 2004

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Llanvirn to the top of the Serravallian or 468.00000 to 11.62000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 458.4 Ma

Collections (163 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Middle Ordovician470.0 - 458.4USA (Kentucky) Hindia sp. (124619)
Llanvirn468.0 - 458.4Argentina Eoscheiella concava (90432)
Llanvirn468.0 - 458.4United Kingdom (Wales) Microspongia sp. (119434)
Gisbornian - Darriwilian458.4 - 458.4Australia (New South Wales) Hindia sphaeroidalis (119706)
Gisbornian458.4 - 452.7Australia (New South Wales) Hindia sphaeroidalis (119707)
Late/Upper Ordovician458.4 - 443.8USA (Utah) Hindia sphaeroidalus (10638)
Turinian457.3 - 453.8USA (Missouri) Hindia parva (175724)
Franklinian - Edenian457.3 - 450.2USA (Tennessee) Hindia parva, Hindia sphaeroidalis (5370) Hindia sphaeroidalis (5371)
Shermanian457.3 - 449.6USA (Tennessee) Hindia parva (5357 5358 5361 5369) Hindia sphaeroidalis (5351 5352 5368)
Trentonian457.3 - 449.6USA (Iowa) Hindia sp. (330)
Chatfieldian453.8 - 451.0USA (Kentucky) Hindia parva (37834)
Eastonian452.7 - 449.5Australia (New South Wales) Hindia sphaeroidalis, Belubulaspongia gigantea, Palmatohindia multipora, Palmatohindia cylindrica, Palmatohindia favosa, Arborohindia uniforma, Arborohindia parva, Mamelohindia planata, Fenestrospongia explanata (119501)
Eastonian - Bolindian452.7 - 443.7Australia (New South Wales) Hindia sphaeroidalis (2697)
Edenian - Maysvillian451.0 - 449.6USA (Iowa) Hindia sphaeroidalis (120502)
Edenian - Maysvillian451.0 - 449.6USA (Minnesota) Hindia sphaeroidalis (120504 120505) Hindia sphaeroidalis, Cotylahindia panaca (120503)
Maysvillian450.2 - 449.6USA (Ohio) Hindia sp. (387 388 391)
Maysvillian450.2 - 449.6USA (Tennessee) Hindia sphaeroidalis (5374 5390)
Maysvillian450.2 - 449.6USA (Iowa) Hindia parva (13261 13262)
Maysvillian - Ashgill450.2 - 443.7USA (Ohio) Hindia sp. (389 390)
Richmondian449.6 - 445.5USA (Ohio) Hindia sp. (395)
Richmondian449.6 - 445.5USA (Michigan) Hindia subrotunda (26317)
Richmondian449.6 - 445.5Canada (Quebec) Hindia fibrosa (63675)
Richmondian449.6 - 445.5USA (Iowa) Hindia parva (13204 13260)
Richmondian - Ashgill449.6 - 443.7USA (Ohio) Hindia sp. (393 394)
Bolindian449.5 - 443.7Australia (New South Wales) Hindia sphaeroidalis, Palmatohindia multipora (119489)
Silurian443.8 - 419.2USA (California) Hindia sphaeroidalis (229251 229253 229254 229255 229257 229258 229259)
Sheinwoodian433.4 - 430.5Canada (Northwest Territories) Hindia sphaeroidalis (121303 121384 121385 121387) Hindia sphaeroidalis, Belemnospongia epiradiatus (121299)
Sheinwoodian - Homerian433.4 - 427.4Canada (Northwest Territories) Hindia sphaeroidalis (90318)
Wenlock433.4 - 427.4USA (Indiana) Hindia sp. (26700)
Wenlock433.4 - 427.4China Microspongia sp. (25760)
Wenlock433.4 - 427.4Canada (Nunavut) Hindia sphaeroidalis (119782)
Ludlow427.4 - 423.0Canada (Nunavut) Hindia sp. (119859) Hindia sphaeroidalis (79385 119777 119778 119779)
Pridoli - Lochkovian423.0 - 410.8USA (Oklahoma) Hindia sp. (26826)
Lochkovian419.2 - 410.8USA (New York) Hindia sp. (24956 26851)
Lochkovian419.2 - 410.8USA (Tennessee) Hindia sphaeroidalis (3595 3600)
Givetian387.7 - 382.7USA (Kentucky) Hindia sp. (211438)
Frasnian382.7 - 372.2Australia (Western Australia) Scheielloides conica, Sadleria pansa (84826)
Early/Lower Famennian376.1 - 370.6Australia (Western Australia) Scheielloides sp. (84830)
Famennian372.2 - 358.9Australia (Western Australia) Scheielloides sp. (83973)
Osagean352.0 - 343.0USA (Indiana) Belemnospongia fascicularis (6670)
Chadian346.7 - 340.0USA (Indiana) Belemnospongia sp. (2445)
Chadian - Arundian346.7 - 340.0USA (Indiana) Belemnospongia sp. (558)
Meramecian343.0 - 335.5USA (Kentucky) Belemnospongia parmula (2781 2828 2830 2831)
Meramecian343.0 - 335.5USA (Indiana) Belemnospongia parmula (2833)
Asbian340.0 - 336.0United Kingdom (England) Microspongia sp. (5994)
Asbian - Brigantian340.0 - 330.9United Kingdom (England) Scheiia castletonensis, Hindia castletonense (28383)
Pendleian330.9 - 327.0USA (Alabama) Belemnospongia parmula (90980)
Late/Upper Mississippian330.9 - 323.2USA (Alabama) Belemnospongia parmula (111888)
Desmoinesian312.8 - 306.0USA (Utah) Belemnospongia neofascicularis (71470)
Missourian306.0 - 303.7USA (Illinois) Belemnospongia parmula (51191)
Virgilian303.7 - 298.9USA (Texas) Incrustospongia meandrica (50197)
Asselian298.9 - 295.5Canada (Nunavut) Scheiia tuberosa (111878 111879)
Artinskian290.1 - 279.3Canada (Nunavut) Scheiia tuberosa (111866 111867 111869 111870 111871 111873 111874 111875 111877 111883 116599 119291)
Artinskian - Kungurian290.1 - 272.3Canada (British Columbia) Scheiia tuberosa (111884)
Kungurian279.3 - 272.3USA (Texas) Scheiia tuberosa (43491 43494 81638 81947)
Wordian266.9 - 264.28USA (Texas) Scheiella thesaurium (101867)
Wordian - Capitanian266.9 - 259.51Tunisia (Madanin) Preceratoporella tunisiana (42092 42094)
Wuchiapingian259.9 - 254.17Svalbard and Jan Mayen Scheiia tuberosa (130902)
Changhsingian254.17 - 252.17China (Sichuan) Praeceratoporella sp. (36221)
Ladinian242.0 - 237.0Hungary Pantokratoria fasiculata (42258)
Carnian237.0 - 228.0Greece Pantokratoria fasciculata (56714)
Tuvalian232.0 - 221.5Hungary Ellipsactinia sp. (23870)
Norian - Rhaetian228.0 - 201.3Italy Simiuvanella siciliana (170144)
Alaunian215.56 - 212.0India Cladocoropsis sp. (36385 36386)
Sevatian212.0 - 205.6Tajikistan Pamirostroma tenuis, Pamirostroma ramosa (34648)
Sevatian212.0 - 205.6Russian Federation Pamirostroma sp. (40409)
Rhaetian208.5 - 201.3Austria Criccophorina praelonga (116898)
Sinemurian199.3 - 190.8Peru (Arequipa region) Cladocoropsis mirabilis (38079)
Late/Upper Sinemurian196.5 - 189.6Italy (Prealpi Bellunesi) Tetractinomorpha indet. (38081)
Early/Lower Toarcian183.0 - 182.0Thailand Cladocoropsis mirabilis (127116)
Early/Lower Aalenian175.6 - 171.6Thailand Cladocoropsis mirabilis (79546)
Oxfordian - Kimmeridgian163.5 - 152.1Croatia Cladocoropsis mirabilis (21186)
Oxfordian - Early/Lower Kimmeridgian163.5 - 150.8China (Xizang) Cladocoropsis mirabilis (116455) Cladocoropsis mirabilis, Cladocoropsis dubertreti (116457)
Late/Upper Jurassic161.5 - 145.0China (Xizang) Cladocoropsis sp. (61424 61427)
Late/Upper Jurassic161.5 - 145.0Indonesia Cladocoropsis memorianaumanni, Cladocoropsis mirabilis (68202 68463) Cladocoropsis mirabilis (68197) Cladocoropsis sp., Cladocoropsis memorianaumanni, Cladocoropsis mirabilis (68478 68481) Cladocoropsis sp., Cladocoropsis mirabilis (68479)
Late/Upper Oxfordian161.2 - 155.7Portugal Periomipora elegantissima (68246)
Late/Upper Oxfordian - Kimmeridgian161.2 - 152.1Portugal Periomipora elegantissima (68245) Periomipora elegantissima, Cladocoropsis mirabilis (68243)
Late/Upper Oxfordian - Early/Lower Kimmeridgian161.2 - 150.8Portugal Cladocoropsis mirabilis (68587 68588 68620)
Kimmeridgian157.3 - 152.1Greece Cladocoropsis mirabilis (85964)
Kimmeridgian157.3 - 152.1Portugal Cladocoropsis mirabilis, Syringostromina pruvosti (68249) Sarmentofascis fasciculata (68247)
Kimmeridgian157.3 - 152.1Mexico (Puebla) Cladocoropsis mirabilis (89638)
Kimmeridgian - Tithonian157.3 - 145.0Greece Cladocoropsis mirabilis (68163)
Early/Lower Kimmeridgian155.7 - 150.8Algeria Cladocoropsis memorianaumanni (79373) Cladocoropsis mirabilis (196454)
Early/Lower Kimmeridgian155.7 - 150.8Croatia Cladocoropsis velebitica (21203)
Early/Lower Kimmeridgian155.7 - 150.8Portugal Cladocoropsis mirabilis (68244)
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian155.7 - 150.8Portugal Cladocoropsis mirabilis (68250) Periomipora elegantissima, Cladocoropsis mirabilis, Sarmentofascis benesti (68251)
Tithonian152.1 - 145.0France Cladocoropsis mirabilis (78570)
Tithonian152.1 - 145.0Ukraine Cladocoropsis mirabilis (62370)
Tithonian152.1 - 145.0Iran Cladocoropsis lindstroemi (116552)
Late/Upper Tithonian150.8 - 145.0Portugal Cladocoropsis mirabilis (34584)
Late/Upper Tithonian150.8 - 145.0Italy Cladocoropsis sp. (196864)
Middle Berriasian145.0 - 140.2Algeria Cladocoropsis mirabilis (64315)
Late/Upper Barremian - Aptian130.0 - 113.0Romania Cladocoropsis cretacica (221641)
Aptian125.0 - 113.0United Kingdom (England) Axinella sp. (1839)
Santonian86.3 - 83.6France Cladocoropsis mirabilis (148656)
Priabonian38.0 - 33.9Ukraine Samus anonymus (229619)
Burdigalian20.44 - 15.97Slovakia Samidae indet., Agelasidae indet. (147807)
Serravallian13.82 - 11.62Portugal Spirophorida indet., Samus sp. (117021)