PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Calidris

Reptilia - Theropoda - Scolopacidae

Taxonomy

Calidris was named by Gmelin (1789). It is extant.

It was assigned to Calidriinae by Wetmore (1956); and to Scolopacidae by Brodkorb (1955), Alvarez (1977) and Clements et al. (2017).

Species lacking formal opinion data

C. albus

Synonyms

Erolia is a genus. It is extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Calidris by Clements et al. (2017).

It was assigned to Calidriinae by Wetmore (1956); to Scolopacidae by Brodkorb (1955) and Wetmore (1962); and to Charadriiformes by Howard (1966).
Micropalama was named by Baird (1858). It is extant. Its type is Tringa himantopus.

It was synonymized subjectively with Calidris by Clements et al. (2017).

It was assigned to Tringinae by Hay (1930); to Eroliinae by Lambrecht (1933); to Calidriinae by Wetmore (1956); and to Scolopacidae by Wetmore (1924) and Campbell (1979).
Ereunetes was named by Illeger (1811). It is extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Calidris by Clements et al. (2017).

It was assigned to Scolopacidae by Brodkorb (1963).
Limicola was named by Koch (1816). It is extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Calidris by Clements et al. (2017).
Philomachus was named by Merrem (1804). It is extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Calidris by Clements et al. (2017).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1789	Calidris Gmelin
1804	Philomachus Merrem
1811	Ereunetes Illeger
1816	Limicola Koch
1858	Micropalama Baird
1924	Micropalama Wetmore p. 11
1930	Micropalama Hay p. 337
1933	Micropalama Lambrecht p. 538
1955	Calidris Brodkorb p. 22
1955	Erolia Brodkorb p. 22
1956	Calidris Wetmore p. 73
1956	Erolia Wetmore p. 74
1956	Micropalama Wetmore p. 74
1962	Erolia Wetmore p. 10
1963	Ereunetes Brodkorb p. 4
1966	Erolia Howard p. 11
1977	Calidris Alvarez p. 217
1979	Micropalama Campbell
2017	Calidris Clements et al.

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
—	Sauropsida
class	Reptilia
subclass	Eureptilia	()
—	Romeriida
—	Diapsida	()

Rank	Name	Author
—	Archosauromorpha	(Huene 1946)
—	Crocopoda
—	Archosauriformes	Gauthier 1986
—	Eucrocopoda
—	Archosauria	()
informal	Avemetatarsalia
—	Ornithodira
—	Dinosauromorpha
—	Dinosauriformes
—	Dinosauria	()
order	Theropoda
—	Neotheropoda
—	Averostra	Paul 2002
—	Tetanurae
—	Coelurosauria	()
—	Maniraptora
—	Paraves
class	Aves
order	Charadriiformes	Huxley 1867
family	Scolopacidae	Rafinesque 1815
genus	Calidris	Gmelin 1789

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. Calidris Gmelin 1789

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Calidris alba Pallas 1764 [sanderling]

Calidris alpina Linnaeus 1758 [dunlin]

†Calidris binagadensis Serebrovsky 1940

Calidris canutus Linnaeus 1758 [red knot]

Calidris falcinellus Pontoppidan 1763 [broad-billed sandpiper]

Calidris ferruginea Pontoppidan 1763 [curlew sandpiper]

Calidris fuscicollis Vieillot 1819 [white-rumped sandpiper]

Calidris himantopus Bonaparte 1826 [stilt sandpiper]

Calidris mauri Cabanis 1857 [western sandpiper]

Calidris melanotos Vieillot 1819 [pectoral sandpiper]

Calidris minuta Leisler 1812 [little stint]

Calidris minutilla Viellot 1816 [least sandpiper]

†Calidris pacis Brodkorb 1955

Calidris pugnax Linnaeus 1758 [ruff]

Calidris pusilla Linnaeus 1766 [semipalmated sandpiper]

Calidris temminckii Leisler 1812 [Temminck's stint]

Invalid names: Ereunetes Illeger 1811 [synonym], Erolia [synonym], Limicola Koch 1816 [synonym], Micropalama Baird 1858 [synonym], Philomachus Merrem 1804 [synonym]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

hydroxyapatiteo

Entire body:

yeso

Adult length:

10 to < 100o

Adult width:

1.0 to < 10o

Adult height:

1.0 to < 10o

Architecture:

compact or denseo

Ontogeny:

accretion, modification of partso

Grouping:

solitaryo

Environment:

marineo

Locomotion:

actively mobileo

Life habit:

ground dwellingo

Diet:

carnivoresubo

Reproduction:

oviparouso

Dispersal:

direct/internalo

Dispersal 2:

mobileo

Created:

2017-04-17 10:41:05

Modified:

2017-04-17 10:41:05

Source: subo = suborder, o = order

References: Marsh 1875, Bush and Bambach 2015, Benton 1983

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Hemphillian to the top of the Holocene or 10.30000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 7.246 Ma

Collections (47 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Tortonian	11.62 - 7.246	USA (Florida)	C. pacis, Erolia penepusilla (122351)
Hemphillian	10.3 - 4.9	USA (Florida)	Ereunetes rayi (18560)
Late/Upper Hemphillian	10.3 - 4.9	Mexico (Chihuahua)	Erolia sp. (18755)
Zanclean	5.333 - 3.6	USA (North Carolina)	C. melanotos (52582)
Piacenzian	3.6 - 2.588	USA (Florida)	C. albus, C. canutus (22712)
Pleistocene	2.588 - 0.0117	USA (California)	C. mauri (176098)
Pleistocene	2.588 - 0.0117	Mexico (Jalisco)	C. fusicollis (169983)
Calabrian	1.8 - 0.774	Spain (Palencia)	C. sp. (213667)
Calabrian	1.8 - 0.774	Italy	Philomachus pugnax (197789 197790)
Middle Pleistocene	0.774 - 0.129	Australia (South Australia)	C. ruficollis (28364)
Middle Pleistocene	0.774 - 0.129	Greece	C. ferruginea (199939)
Middle Pleistocene	0.774 - 0.129	Italy (Roma)	C. temminckii (44090)
Rancholabrean	0.3 - 0.012	USA (Florida)	C. pusilla (20398)
Rancholabrean - Holocene	0.3 - 0.0	USA (California)	C. mauri (84904)
Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.129 - 0.0117	Peru	Erolia minutilla, Micropalama chapmani, Erolia melanotos, Micropalama himantopus (71346)
Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.129 - 0.0117	USA (Virginia)	Erolia minutilla (82258)
Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.129 - 0.0117	USA (California)	C. alba (120829 125236 215552) C. melanotos, C. alba, C. mauri (123918) Pelidna alpina (44954)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (high glacial)	0.129 - 0.0117	Venezuela (Zulia)	C. sp., C. fuscicollis, C. canutus (63515)
Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.129 - 0.0117	Jordan	C. sp., Philomachus pugnax (197945)
Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.129 - 0.0117	Greece (Crete)	C. canutus (192949)
Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.129 - 0.0117	Ecuador	Erolia melanotos, Micropalama himantopus, C. canutus, Ereunetes mauri, Ereunetes pusillus (152599)
Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.129 - 0.0117	USA (Oregon)	Erolia melanotos (93251)
Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.129 - 0.0117	East Timor	C. sp. (204407)
Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.129 - 0.0117	Azerbaijan	C. minuta, C. pugnax, Limicola falcinellus, C. binagadensis (193356) Limicola falcinellus (193354)
Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.129 - 0.0117	Russian Federation	C. sp. (194811)
Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.129 - 0.0117	Spain	C. canutus (197938) C. maritima (150207)
Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.129 - 0.0117	USA (Wyoming)	C. melanotos (93277)
Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.129 - 0.0117	United Kingdom (Wales)	C. alpina (124954 124955)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene	0.129 - 0.0	Russian Federation	Philomachus pugnax (194812)
Holocene	0.0117 - 0.0	USA (California)	C. alba (194906) C. sp. (194908)
Holocene	0.0117 - 0.0	Greenland	C. canutus (162014 227817 227875)
Holocene	0.0117 - 0.0	France (Corse)	C. canutus (215378) C. sp. (215376)
Holocene	0.0117 - 0.0	Mexico (Chiapas)	C. minutilla (195047)
Holocene	0.0117 - 0.0	Antigua and Barbuda	C. spp. (94615)
Holocene	0.0117 - 0.0	Finland	Philomachus pugnax (177177)