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Taxonomy
Sirenia was named by Illiger (1811). It is extant.
It was reranked as the order Sirenia by Brandt (1849), Gill (1872), Leidy (1873), Cope (1889), Flower and Lydekker (1891), Parker and Haswell (1897), Gadow (1898), Trouessart (1898), Hay (1902), Case (1904), Andrews (1906), Abel (1919), Hay (1930), Simpson (1945), McKenna (1975), Thurmond and Jones (1981), Takahashi et al. (1986), Domning (1988), Domning (1991), Domning (1996), Domning (1997), Madsen et al. (2001), Sepkoski (2002), Wilson and Reeder (2005), Seiffert (2007), Asher and Helgen (2010), Bajpai et al. (2010), Voss et al. (2016), Domning et al. (2017), Voss et al. (2017), Voss and Hampe (2017), Díaz-Berenguer et al. (2018); it was reranked as the suborder Sirenia by Gray (1850), Gray (1863), Gray (1864), Gray (1866), Zittel (1925); it was reranked as the order Sirenii by Jaekel (1911); it was reranked as the infraorder Sirenia by Canto et al. (2010); it was reranked as the unranked clade Sirenia by Fischer (1829), Velez-Juarbe and Wood (2018).
It was assigned to Natantia by Illiger (1811); to Cete by Fischer (1829); to Cetacea by Brandt (1849); to Pinnata by Bonaparte (1850); to Cete by Gray (1850); to Cetacea by Gray (1863), Gray (1864), Gray (1866); to Educabilia by Gill (1872); to Halobioidea by Ameghino (1889); to Mutilata by Cope (1889); to Eutheria by Flower and Lydekker (1891); to Eutheria by Parker and Haswell (1897); to Monodelphia by Hay (1902); to Holotheria by Jaekel (1911); to Subungulata by Zittel (1925); to Ungulata by Hay (1930); to Eutheria by Flower (1883), Gadow (1898), Carroll (1988), Nowak (1991); to Paenungulata by Simpson (1945), Waddell et al. (1999); to Afrotheria by Madsen et al. (2001); to Mammalia by Leidy (1873), Trouessart (1898), Case (1904), Andrews (1906), Abel (1919), Thurmond and Jones (1981), Takahashi et al. (1986), Domning (1988), Domning (1991), Domning (1997), Sepkoski (2002), Wilson and Reeder (2005); to Tethytheria by McKenna (1975), Domning (1996), Waddell et al. (2001), Gheerbrandt et al. (2005), Seiffert (2007), Canto et al. (2010), Asher and Helgen (2010), Bajpai et al. (2010), Voss et al. (2016), Domning et al. (2017), Voss et al. (2017), Voss and Hampe (2017), Díaz-Berenguer et al. (2018); and to Pansirenia by Velez-Juarbe and Wood (2018).
It was reranked as the order Sirenia by Brandt (1849), Gill (1872), Leidy (1873), Cope (1889), Flower and Lydekker (1891), Parker and Haswell (1897), Gadow (1898), Trouessart (1898), Hay (1902), Case (1904), Andrews (1906), Abel (1919), Hay (1930), Simpson (1945), McKenna (1975), Thurmond and Jones (1981), Takahashi et al. (1986), Domning (1988), Domning (1991), Domning (1996), Domning (1997), Madsen et al. (2001), Sepkoski (2002), Wilson and Reeder (2005), Seiffert (2007), Asher and Helgen (2010), Bajpai et al. (2010), Voss et al. (2016), Domning et al. (2017), Voss et al. (2017), Voss and Hampe (2017), Díaz-Berenguer et al. (2018); it was reranked as the suborder Sirenia by Gray (1850), Gray (1863), Gray (1864), Gray (1866), Zittel (1925); it was reranked as the order Sirenii by Jaekel (1911); it was reranked as the infraorder Sirenia by Canto et al. (2010); it was reranked as the unranked clade Sirenia by Fischer (1829), Velez-Juarbe and Wood (2018).
It was assigned to Natantia by Illiger (1811); to Cete by Fischer (1829); to Cetacea by Brandt (1849); to Pinnata by Bonaparte (1850); to Cete by Gray (1850); to Cetacea by Gray (1863), Gray (1864), Gray (1866); to Educabilia by Gill (1872); to Halobioidea by Ameghino (1889); to Mutilata by Cope (1889); to Eutheria by Flower and Lydekker (1891); to Eutheria by Parker and Haswell (1897); to Monodelphia by Hay (1902); to Holotheria by Jaekel (1911); to Subungulata by Zittel (1925); to Ungulata by Hay (1930); to Eutheria by Flower (1883), Gadow (1898), Carroll (1988), Nowak (1991); to Paenungulata by Simpson (1945), Waddell et al. (1999); to Afrotheria by Madsen et al. (2001); to Mammalia by Leidy (1873), Trouessart (1898), Case (1904), Andrews (1906), Abel (1919), Thurmond and Jones (1981), Takahashi et al. (1986), Domning (1988), Domning (1991), Domning (1997), Sepkoski (2002), Wilson and Reeder (2005); to Tethytheria by McKenna (1975), Domning (1996), Waddell et al. (2001), Gheerbrandt et al. (2005), Seiffert (2007), Canto et al. (2010), Asher and Helgen (2010), Bajpai et al. (2010), Voss et al. (2016), Domning et al. (2017), Voss et al. (2017), Voss and Hampe (2017), Díaz-Berenguer et al. (2018); and to Pansirenia by Velez-Juarbe and Wood (2018).
Subtaxa
Crassitherium, Dugongidae (syn. Halicoroidea, Halicoridae, Halicorida), Dugongoidea, Manatherium, Manatus inornatus, Prorastomidae (syn. Prorastomatidae), Prorastomoidea, Protosirenidae, Pugmeodon, Rhytinidae, Sirenotherium, Sirenotherium pirabense, Sobrarbesiren, Trichechidae (syn. Manatoidea, Manatidae, Halicoreae, Trichechoidea, Halicorea, Manatida)
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1811 | Sirenia Illiger p. 140 |
| 1821 | Herbivorae Gray p. 309 |
| 1827 | Manatides Billberg p. 32 |
| 1829 | Sirenia Fischer p. 501 |
| 1837 | Manatina Bonaparte |
| 1838 | Pugmeodon Kaup p. 319 |
| 1849 | Sirenia Brandt p. 1 |
| 1850 | Manatina Bonaparte p. 1 |
| 1850 | Sirenia Bonaparte p. 1 |
| 1850 | Sirenia Gray p. 138 |
| 1853 | Herbivora Bronn p. 777 |
| 1863 | Sirenia Gray p. 198 |
| 1864 | Sirenia Gray p. 247 |
| 1866 | Sirenia Gray p. 62 |
| 1871 | Crassitherium robustum Van Beneden |
| 1871 | Crassitherium Van Beneden p. 171 |
| 1871 | Crassitherium robustum Van Beneden p. 171 |
| 1872 | Sirenia Gill p. v |
| 1872 | Crassitherium Gill p. 92 |
| 1872 | Pugmeodon Gill p. 92 |
| 1873 | Manatus inornatus Leidy p. 336 |
| 1873 | Sirenia Leidy p. 336 |
| 1883 | Sirenia Flower p. 184 |
| 1885 | Crassitherium robustum Woodward p. 424 |
| 1885 | Manatus inornatus Woodward p. 424 |
| 1886 | Manatherium Hartlaub p. 378 |
| 1889 | Halobioidea Ameghino p. 652 |
| 1889 | Sirenia Ameghino p. 652 |
| 1889 | Sirenia Cope p. 874 |
| 1891 | Sirenia Flower and Lydekker p. 89 |
| 1892 | Manatus inornatus Lydekker p. 336 |
| 1897 | Sirenia Parker and Haswell p. 451 |
| 1898 | Sirenia Gadow p. 44 |
| 1898 | Manatherium Trouessart p. 999 |
| 1898 | Sirenia Trouessart p. 999 |
| 1898 | Manatus inornatus Trouessart p. 1000 |
| 1898 | Crassitherium Trouessart p. 1004 |
| 1898 | Crassitherium robustum Trouessart p. 1004 |
| 1902 | Sirenia Hay p. 582 |
| 1902 | Trichechus inornatus Hay p. 583 |
| 1904 | Sirenia Case p. 55 |
| 1904 | Manatherium Palmer p. 398 |
| 1904 | Pugmeodon Palmer p. 598 |
| 1904 | Manatherium Trouessart p. 748 |
| 1904 | Trichechus inornatus Trouessart p. 749 |
| 1904 | Crassitherium Trouessart p. 750 |
| 1904 | Crassitherium robustum Trouessart p. 750 |
| 1906 | Sirenia Andrews p. 197 |
| 1911 | Sirenii Jaekel p. 245 |
| 1919 | Sirenia Abel p. 832 |
| 1919 | Manatherium Abel p. 835 |
| 1923 | Trichechiformes Hay p. 109 |
| 1925 | Sirenia Zittel p. 246 |
| 1925 | Manatherium Zittel p. 264 |
| 1930 | Sirenia Hay p. 653 |
| 1930 | Trichechiformes Hay p. 655 |
| 1930 | Halitherium inornatum Hay p. 657 |
| 1932 | Trichechiformes Simpson p. 423 |
| 1932 | Manatherium Simpson p. 424 |
| 1941 | Manatherium Kretzoi p. 154 |
| 1941 | Crassitherium Kretzoi p. 155 |
| 1941 | Trichechiformes Kretzoi p. 385 |
| 1945 | Sirenia Simpson |
| 1953 | Trichechiformes Pascual p. 167 |
| 1956 | Trichechiformes Paula Couto p. 106 |
| 1967 | Trichechiformes Paula Couto p. 346 |
| 1967 | Sirenotherium Paula Couto p. 347 |
| 1967 | Sirenotherium pirabensis Paula Couto p. 347 figs. Fig. 1-3 |
| 1975 | Sirenia McKenna p. 43 |
| 1981 | Sirenia Thurmond and Jones p. 182 |
| 1982 | Sirenotherium Domning p. 600 |
| 1982 | Sirenotherium pirabensis Domning p. 600 |
| 1986 | Sirenia Takahashi et al. p. 300 |
| 1988 | Sirenia Carroll |
| 1988 | Sirenia Domning p. 399 |
| 1989 | Trichechiformes Pilleri et al. p. 17 |
| 1989 | Sirenotherium Toledo p. 5 |
| 1991 | Sirenia Domning p. 398 |
| 1991 | Sirenia Nowak |
| 1991 | Trichechiformes Vidal p. 6 |
| 1996 | Sirenia Domning p. 378 |
| 1997 | Sirenia Domning p. 398 |
| 1999 | Sirenia Waddell et al. p. cover |
| 2001 | Sirenia Madsen et al. p. 610 |
| 2001 | Trichechiformes Sach and Heizmann p. 42 |
| 2001 | Sirenia Waddell et al. p. 148 |
| 2002 | Sirenia Sepkoski |
| 2005 | Sirenia Gheerbrandt et al. p. 297 |
| 2005 | Sirenia Wilson and Reeder |
| 2007 | Sirenia Seiffert |
| 2010 | Sirenia Asher and Helgen p. 3 figs. Figure 15 |
| 2010 | Sirenia Bajpai et al. p. 42 |
| 2010 | Halobioidea Bouchet et al. |
| 2010 | Sirenia Canto et al. p. 20 |
| 2016 | Sirenia Voss et al. p. 6 |
| 2017 | Sirenia Domning et al. pp. e1299158-2 |
| 2017 | Sirenia Voss and Hampe p. 340 |
| 2017 | Sirenia Voss et al. p. 165 |
| 2018 | Sirenia Díaz-Berenguer et al. p. 3 |
| 2018 | Sirenia Velez-Juarbe and Wood |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Or. Sirenia Illiger 1811 [sirenian]
show all | hide all
Fm. Dugongidae Gray 1821 [dugong]
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Subfm. Dugonginae Gray 1821
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G. †Bharatisiren Bajpai and Domning 1997
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†Bharatisiren indica Bajpai et al. 2006
†Bharatisiren kachchhensis Bajpai et al. 1987
G. †Callistosiren Velez-Juarbe and Domning 2015
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†Callistosiren boriquensis Velez-Juarbe and Domning 2015
G. †Crenatosiren Domning 1991
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†Crenatosiren olseni Reinhart 1976
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Invalid names: Halitherium olsenensis Reinhart 1972 [invalid subgroup]
G. †Dioplotherium Cope 1883
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†Dioplotherium allisoni Kilmer 1965
†Dioplotherium manigaulti Cope 1883
G. Dugong Lacépède 1799 [dugong]
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Dugong dugon Illiger 1811 [dugong]
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Invalid names: Dugong indicus Lacépède 1799 [synonym], Halicore australis Owen 1847 [synonym], Halicore cetacea Heuglin 1877 [synonym], Halicore hemprichii Ehrenberg 1832 [synonym], Halicore lottum Ehrenberg 1832 [synonym], Halicore tabernaculi Ruppell 1843 [synonym], Trichechus dugung Erxleben 1777 [synonym]
Invalid names: Amblychilus Fischer von Waldheim 1814 [synonym], Dugongidus Gray 1821 [synonym], Dugungus Tiedemann 1808 [synonym], Halicora Fleming 1822 [synonym], Halicore [synonym], Platystomus Fischer von Waldheim 1803 [synonym]
G. †Kutchisiren Bajpai et al. 2010
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†Kutchisiren cylindrica Bajpai et al. 2010
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Invalid names: Kotadasiren gracillis Das and Basu 1994 [replaced]
Invalid names: Kotadasiren Das and Basu 1994 [nomen nudum]
G. †Rytiodus Lartet 1866
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†Rytiodus heali Domning 2011
Invalid names: Thelriope Pilleri 1987 [objective synonym]
Invalid names: Halicorinae Abel 1913 [synonym], Rhytiodinae Abel 1914 [synonym], Rytiodontinae Kretzoi 1941 [synonym], Thelriopiinae Pilleri 1987 [synonym]
G. †Eotheroides Palmer 1899
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†Eotheroides aegyptiacum Owen 1875
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Invalid names: Eotherium majus Zdansky 1938 [synonym], Manatus coulombi Filhol 1878 [synonym], Masrisiren abeli Kretzoi 1941 [synonym]
†Eotheroides babiae Bajpai et al. 2006
†Eotheroides clavigerum Zalmout and Gingerich 2012
†Eotheroides lambondrano Samonds and Zalmout 2009
†Eotheroides sandersi Zalmout and Gingerich 2012
†Eotheroides waghapadarensis Das and Basu 1994
Invalid names: Eotherium Owen 1875 [synonym], Masrisiren Kretzoi 1941 [synonym]
Subfm. †Halitheriinae Gill 1872
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G. †Eosiren Andrews 1902
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†Eosiren abeli Sickenberg 1934
†Eosiren imenti Domning et al. 1994
†Eosiren libyca Andrews 1902
†Eosiren stromeri Abel 1913
Invalid names: Archaeosiren Abel 1913 [synonym]
G. †Metaxytherium de Christol 1840
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†Metaxytherium albifontanum Velez-Juarbe and Domning 2014
†Metaxytherium aquitaniae Pilleri 1987
†Metaxytherium arctodites Aranda-Manteca et al. 1994
†Metaxytherium crataegense Simpson 1932
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Invalid names: Metaxytherium calvertense Kellogg 1966 [synonym]
†Metaxytherium floridanum Hay 1922
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Invalid names: Felsinotherium ossivallense Simpson 1932 [synonym]
†Metaxytherium krahuletzi Depéret 1895
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Invalid names: Halianassa studeri Meyer 1837 [synonym], Metaxytherium argoviense Pilleri 1987 [synonym], Metaxytherium christoli Fitzinger 1899 [synonym], Metaxytherium krahuletzi excelsum Pilleri 1987 [invalid subgroup]
†Metaxytherium lovisati Capellini 1886
†Metaxytherium medium Desmarest 1822
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Invalid names: Halitherium cuvieri de Christol 1832 [synonym], Haplosiren leganyii Kretzoi 1951 [synonym], Hippopotamus intermedius Holl 1829 [synonym], Manatus fossilis Holl 1829 [synonym], Metaxytherium catalaunicum Pilleri et al. 1989 [synonym], Metaxytherium cordieri de Christol in de Blainville 1844 [synonym], Metaxytherium petersi Abel 1904 [synonym]
†Metaxytherium riveroi Varona 1972
†Metaxytherium subapenninum Bruno 1839
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Invalid names: Cheirotherium brochii de Blainville 1844 [synonym], Felsinotherium forestii Capellini 1872 [synonym], Felsinotherium gastaldi de Zigno 1878 [synonym], Felsinotherium gervaisi Capellini 1872 [synonym], Felsinotherium subalpinum Isel 1910 [synonym]
Invalid names: Cheirotherium Bruno 1839 [synonym], Felsinotherium Capellini 1872 [synonym], Felsinotherium gunteri Simpson 1932 [nomen nudum], Fucotherium Kaup 1840 [synonym], Halianassa [synonym], Halysiren Kretzoi 1941 [synonym], Haplosiren Kretzoi 1951 [synonym], Hesperosiren Simpson 1932 [synonym], Metaxytherium beaumontii de Christol 1844 [nomen dubium], Metaxytherium meyeri Abel 1904 [nomen dubium], Pontotherium Kaup 1840 [synonym], Thalattosiren Sickenberg 1928 [synonym]
G. †Prototherium de Zigno 1887
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†Prototherium ausetanum Balaguer and Alba 2016
†Prototherium intermedium Bizzotto 1983
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Invalid names: Prototherium montserratense Pilleri et al. 1989 [synonym], Prototherium solei Pilleri et al. 1989 [synonym]
†Prototherium veronense de Zigno 1875
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Invalid names: Halitherium angustifrons de Zigno 1875 [synonym], Halitherium curvidens de Zigno 1875 [synonym], Paraliosiren suessi Abel 1906 [synonym], Protosiren dolloi Abel 1904 [synonym]
Invalid names: Mesosiren Abel 1906 [synonym], Paraliosiren Abel 1906 [synonym]
Invalid names: Archaeosireninae Abel 1914 [synonym], Eotherioidinae Kretzoi 1941 [synonym], Halianassinae Reinhart 1959 [synonym], Halitherida Carus 1868 [objective synonym], Metaxytheriinae Kretzoi 1941 [synonym], Pachyspondylus Brandt 1873 [nomen vanum], Prototheriidae Kretzoi 1941 [invalid subgroup]
Subfm. †Hydrodamalinae Palmer 1895
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G. †Dusisiren Domning 1978
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†Dusisiren dewana Takahashi et al. 1986
†Dusisiren reinharti Domning 1978
†Dusisiren takasatensis Kobayashi et al. 1995
G. †Hydrodamalis Retzius 1794 [Steller's sea cow]
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†Hydrodamalis cuestae Domning 1978 [Cuesta sea cow]
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Invalid names: Hydrodamalis spissa Furusawa 1988 [synonym]
†Hydrodamalis gigas Zimmermann 1780 [Steller's sea cow]
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Invalid names: Hydrodamalis stelleri Retzius 1794 [synonym], Manati balaenurus Boddaert 1785 [synonym], Rhytina borealis Brandt 1849 [synonym], Rhytina stellerus Brandt 1849 [synonym], Rytina cetacea Illiger 1815 [synonym]
Invalid names: Dystomus Fischer von Waldheim 1813 [synonym], Haligyna Billberg 1827 [synonym], Manati Steller 1774 [replaced], Nepus Fischer von Waldheim 1814 [synonym], Rhytina Berthold 1827 [synonym], Rhytine Burmeister 1837 [objective synonym], Rytina Illiger 1811 [synonym], Sirene Link 1794 [synonym], Stellerus Desmarest 1822 [synonym]
Invalid names: Rhytinea Brandt 1846 [synonym], Rytinadae Gray 1843 [synonym], Rytineae Brandt 1833 [synonym], Rytinidae Girard 1852 [synonym]
G. †Indosiren von Koenigswald 1952
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†Indosiren javanensis von Koenigswald 1952
†Indosiren koeningswaldi Sahni and Mishra 1975
G. †Kaupitherium Voss and Hampe 2017
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†Kaupitherium bronni Krauss 1858
†Kaupitherium gruelli Voss and Hampe 2017
G. †Lentiarenium Voss et al. 2016
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†Lentiarenium christolii Fitzinger 1842
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Invalid names: Halitherium abeli Spillman 1959 [synonym], Metaxytherium pergense Toula 1899 [synonym]
G. †Nanosiren Domning and Aguilera 2008
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†Nanosiren garciae Domning and Aguilera 2008
†Nanosiren sanchezi Domning and Aguilera 2008
G. †Priscosiren Velez-Juarbe and Domning 2014
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†Priscosiren atlantica Velez-Juarbe and Domning 2014
Invalid names: Halicorida Brandt 1868 [synonym], Halicoridae Gray 1825 [synonym], Halicoroidea Gill 1872 [synonym], Halitherium Kaup 1838 [nomen dubium], Halitherium alleni Simpson 1932 [invalid subgroup], Halitherium antillense Matthew 1916 [nomen dubium], Halitherium taulannense Sagne 2001 [invalid subgroup], Rytiodinae Simpson 1932 [empty], Trachytherium Gervais 1849 [nomen dubium]
Fm. †Prorastomidae Cope 1889
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G. †Prorastomus Owen 1855
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†Prorastomus sirenoides Owen 1855
Invalid names: Prorastoma Lydekker 1892 [objective synonym]
Invalid names: Prorastomatidae Flower and Lydekker 1891 [objective synonym]
Fm. †Protosirenidae Sickenberg 1934
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G. †Protosiren Abel 1904
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†Protosiren eothene Zalmout et al. 2003
†Protosiren fraasi Abel 1904
†Protosiren minima Desmarest 1822
†Protosiren sattaensis Gingerich et al. 1995
†Protosiren smithae Domning and Gingerich 1994
Fm. Trichechidae Gray 1821 [manatee]
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Subfm. †Miosireninae Abel 1919
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Fm. Trichechinae Gray 1825
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G. †Potamosiren Reinhart 1951
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†Potamosiren magdalenensis Savage 1951
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Invalid names: Metaxytherium ortegense Kellogg 1966 [synonym]
G. Trichechus Linnaeus 1758 [manatee]
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†Trichechus hesperamazonicus Perini et al. 2020
Trichechus inunguis Natterer 1883 [Amazonian manatee]
Trichechus manatus Linnaeus 1758
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Trichechus manatus latirostris Harlan 1824
Trichechus manatus manatus Linnaeus 1758
Invalid names: Manatus americanus De Kay 1842 [synonym], Manatus australis Retzius 1794 [synonym], Manatus koellikeri Trouessart 1904 [synonym]
†Trichechus manatus bakerorum Domning 2005
Trichechus senegalensis Link 1795 [West African manatee]
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Invalid names: Manatus senegalensis Desmarest 1817 [synonym]
Invalid names: Halipaedisca Gistel 1848 [synonym], Manatus Brunnich 1772 [synonym], Neodermus Rafinesque 1815 [synonym], Oxystomus Fischer von Waldheim 1803 [synonym]
Invalid names: Trichechina Bonaparte 1850 [empty]
Invalid names: Halicorea Brandt 1846 [synonym], Halicoreae Brandt 1833 [objective synonym], Manatida Brandt 1868 [objective synonym], Manatidae Gray 1821 [objective synonym], Manatoidea Gill 1872 [objective synonym], Manatus aequatorialis Lacépède 1799 [invalid subgroup], Manatus vulgaris Domning 1996 [invalid subgroup], Trichechoidea Gill 1872 [objective synonym]
Invalid names: Anthropocephala Billberg 1827 [objective synonym], Crassitherium Van Beneden 1871 [nomen dubium], Diopia Rafinesque 1815 [objective synonym], Dugongoidea Heal 1973 [empty], Halobioidea Ameghino 1889 [objective synonym], Herbivorae Gray 1821 [synonym], Manatherium Hartlaub 1886 [nomen dubium], Manatides Billberg 1827 [objective synonym], Manatina Bonaparte 1837 [objective synonym], Manatus inornatus Leidy 1873 [nomen dubium], Pugmeodon Kaup 1838 [nomen oblitum], Rhytinidae Gill 1872 [empty], Sireniformia Burmeister 1837 [objective synonym], Sirenotherium Paula Couto 1967 [nomen dubium], Sirenotherium pirabense Paula Couto 1967 [nomen dubium], Trichechiformes Hay 1923 [objective synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: f = family, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Domning 1979, Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Early/Lower Eocene to the top of the Holocene or 55.80000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 48.6 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 48.6 Ma
Collections (781 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Paleogene | Libya | Halitherium sp. (76981) | |
| Cenozoic | Brazil (Amazonas) | Trichechus sp. (217666) | |
| Ypresian - Lutetian | Tunisia | Sirenia indet. (87795) | |
| Eocene | Romania | Eotherium sp. (239598) | |
| Eocene | Hungary | Eotheroides sp. (49888) Sirenavus sp. (49958) Sirenia indet. (49952 49953 49954 49956 49957 49959) Sirenia indet., Sirenavus sp. (49960) | |
| Early/Lower Eocene | Pakistan (Balochistan) | Kilgai moolakharzani (214011) | |
| Lutetian | Jamaica | Prorastomus sirenoides (49874 144125) Sirenia indet. (5241) | |
| Lutetian | Libya | Sirenia indet. (49943) | |
| Lutetian | India (Gujarat) | Sirenia indet. (88643 88644) | |
| Lutetian | Hungary | Protosiren fraasi, Sirenavus hungaricus, Protosiren fraasi (49887) Sirenia indet., Anisosiren pannonica (48072) | |
| Lutetian | Senegal | Prorastomidae indet. (133429) | |
| Lutetian | India (Kutch) | Eosiren sp., Eotheroides babiae, Eotheroides waghapadarensis, Protosiren fraasi (45590) | |
| Lutetian | Spain (Huesca) | Sirenia indet. (162506) | |
| Lutetian | Spain (Boltana) | Dugongidae indet. (189780) | |
| Lutetian | Spain | Dugongidae indet. (94579 133618) Halitherium sp. (140180) Sirenia indet. (140199) | |
| Lutetian | Togo | Dugongidae indet., Sirenia indet. (32991) | |
| Lutetian | Pakistan (Balochistan) | Protosiren eothene (28981) | |
| Lutetian | Jordan | Dugongidae indet., Protosirenidae indet. (64351) | |
| Lutetian | Egypt | Protosiren fraasi, Eosiren abeli, Eotheroides aegyptiacum, Manatus coulombi (58456) Protosiren smithae (140129) Protosiren sp. (96975) | |
| Lutetian | Germany | Protosiren fraasi (121968) | |