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Protospongioidea

Hexactinellida - Reticulosa

Taxonomy
Protospongioidea was named by Hinde (1887).

It was assigned to Reticulosa by Finks and Rigby (2004) and Garcia-Bellido and Rigby (2004).

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1887Protospongioidea Hinde
2004Protospongioidea Finks and Rigby p. 344
2004Protospongioidea Garcia-Bellido and Rigby p. 447

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
phylumPoriferaGrant 1836
classHexactinellidaSchmidt 1870
subclassAmphidiscophora
RankNameAuthor
orderReticulosaReid 1958
superfamilyProtospongioideaHinde 1887
superfamilyProtospongioideaHinde 1887

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Superfm. †Protospongioidea Hinde 1887
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Fm. †Protospongiidae Hinde 1887
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G. †Brooksella Bassler 1941
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†Brooksella alternata Walcott 1896
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Invalid names: Brooksella confusa Walcott 1896 [objective synonym], Laotira cambria Walcott 1896 [objective synonym]
Invalid names: Laotira Walcott 1896 [objective synonym]
G. †Diagoniella Rauff 1894
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†Diagoniella cyathiformis Dawson and Hinde 1889
†Diagoniella hindei Walcott 1920
†Diagoniella magna Rigby et al. 2010
†Diagoniella mica Rigby 1986
†Diagoniella robisoni Rigby 1978
†Diagoniella tubulara Rigby and Harris 1979
G. †Gabelia Rigby and Murphy 1983
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†Gabelia intermedia Rigby and Maher 1995
†Gabelia pedunculus Rigby and Murphy 1983
G. †Heminectere Botting 2004
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†Heminectere minima Botting 2004
†Heminectere rushtoni Botting and Muir 2011
G. †Hexatractiella Mehl 1996
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†Hexatractiella nevadensis Rigby and Stuart 1988
†Hexatractiella pseudonevadensis Rigby et al. 1998
G. †Hunanospongia Qian and Ding 1988
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†Hunanospongia delicata Qian and Ding 1988
G. †Iberospongia Garcia-Bellido and Rigby 2004
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†Iberospongia globulara Garcia-Bellido and Rigby 2004
G. †Kiwetinokia Walcott 1920
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†Kiwetinokia utahensis Walcott 1920
G. †Metaxyspongia Wu et al. 2005
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†Metaxyspongia skelidata Wu et al. 2005
G. †Plectoderma Hinde 1884
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†Plectoderma scitulum Hinde 1883
G. †Protospongia Salter 1864
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†Protospongia columbiana Rigby et al. 1998
†Protospongia conica Rigby and Harris 1979
†Protospongia fenestrata Salter 1864
†Protospongia gracilis Xiao et al. 2005
†Protospongia hicksi Hinde 1887
†Protospongia spina Mehl et al. 1993
G. †Quadrolaminiella Chen et al. 1990
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†Quadrolaminiella crassa Chen et al. 1990
†Quadrolaminiella diagonalis Chen et al. 1990
G. †Saetaspongia Mehl and Reitner 1993
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†Saetaspongia densa Mehl and Reitner 1993
G. †Sanshapentella Mehl and Erdtmann 1994
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†Sanshapentella dapingi Mehl and Erdtmann 1994
G. †Testiispongia Rigby 1983
G. †Triticispongia Mehl and Reitner 1993
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†Triticispongia diagonata Steiner et al. 1993
Fm. †Triactinellidae Botting 2005
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G. †Triactinella Botting 2005
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†Triactinella rigbyi Botting 2005
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: silicac
Environment: marinec
Locomotion: stationaryo
Attached: yeso
Life habit: epifaunalo
Diet: suspension feedero
Vision: blindc
Created: 2009-05-09 19:18:49
Modified: 2009-05-09 21:18:49
Source: o = order, c = class
References: Kiessling 2004, Bambach et al. 2007

Age range: base of the Ediacaran to the top of the Late/Upper Devonian or 635.00000 to 358.90000 Ma

Collections (133 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Ediacaran635.0 - 541.0Namibia Brooksella sp. (7910)
Nemakit-Daldynian538.8 - 525.5Russian Federation (Irkutsk) Protospongia sp. (99188 99190)
Nemakit-Daldynian538.8 - 525.5China (Hunan) Hunanospongia delicata (97714)
Early/Lower Cambrian538.8 - 509.0China (Yunnan) Protospongia sp., Triticispongia diagonata, Saetaspongia densa, Quadrolaminiella diagonalis, Quadrolaminiella crassa (156226)
Cambrian538.8 - 485.4USA (Georgia) Brooksella alternata (164675)
Meishucunian530.7 - 521.0China (Anhui) Gabelia sp., Protospongia sp., Protospongia gracilis, Diagoniella cyathiformis, Protospongia conica, Triticispongia diagonata, Sanshapentella dapingi (96370)
Tommotian525.5 - 521.0Russian Federation (Yakutiya) Protospongia sp. (90088) Protospongiidae indet. (80794 80796 80800 80802 80804 80807 80808 80809 80810 80811 80812 80813)
Tommotian525.5 - 521.0Russian Federation (Siberia) Protospongia sp. (50319 50321)
Atdabanian521.0 - 516.0China (Hunan) Triticispongia diagonata, Sanshapentella dapingi, Saetaspongia densa (86850)
Atdabanian521.0 - 516.0China (Guizhou) Protospongia sp. (96653)
Atdabanian521.0 - 516.0China (Yunnan) Protospongia sp. (90165 90166) Quadrolaminiella diagonalis, Quadrolaminiella crassa (96403 96412) Quadrolaminiella sp. (86933) Saetaspongia densa (68083 86846 90138 96402) Saetaspongia sp. (86929) Triticispongia diagonata (96405) Triticispongia diagonata, Saetaspongia densa (90150 90163)
Atdabanian521.0 - 516.0China (Anhui) Protospongia sp. (96658)
Nangaoian521.0 - 514.0China (Hubai) Saetaspongia sp. (219687)
Nangaoian521.0 - 514.0China (Guizhou) Protospongia sp. (107056) Saetaspongia densa (128419)
Nangaoian521.0 - 514.0China (Yunnan) Saetaspongia densa (132327 132329 132330 194141 194143 194150 194155 194160 194162 194163)
Botomian516.0 - 512.9China (Anhui) Hexatractiella dongzhiensis, Metaxyspongia skelidata (96614)
Botomian516.0 - 512.9Mexico Kiwetinokia sp. (62868)
Botomian516.0 - 512.9Russian Federation (Yakutia) Diagoniella sp. (90438)
Dyeran515.3 - 511.2USA (New York) Protospongia sp. (225133)
Dyeran515.3 - 511.2USA (Vermont) Protospongia hicksi (121235)
Duyunian - Taijangian514.0 - 504.5China (Guizhou) Protospongia sp. (107153)
Delamaran511.2 - 506.5Canada (British Columbia) Diagoniella cyathiformis (121967) Diagoniella cyathiformis, Diagoniella hindei, Protospongia hicksi (121962) Diagoniella cyathiformis, Protospongia hicksi (121957 121961) Diagoniella cyathiformis, Sanshapentella sp., Protospongia hicksi (121959) Diagoniella hindei, Protospongia hicksi (84424 84426 84427 84428) Protospongia hicksi (84423 121960)
Delamaran511.2 - 506.5USA (Pennsylvania) Protospongia sp. (214)
Delamaran511.2 - 506.5USA (Utah) Brooksella sp. (8588 77218)
Amgan510.2 - 504.5Norway (Rogaland) Protospongia sp. (76545)
Solvan510.2 - 504.5Argentina Kiwetinokia utahensis (56545)
Solvan510.2 - 504.5Canada (British Columbia) Diagoniella cyathiformis (228555)
Middle Cambrian509.0 - 497.0USA (Georgia) Brooksella alternata (174919)
Middle Cambrian509.0 - 497.0Italy (Sardinia) Kiwetinokia sp., Protospongia sp. (122016)
Middle Cambrian509.0 - 497.0USA (Utah) Diagoniella magna, Diagoniella hindei (106179)
St Davids509.0 - 497.0Argentina Kiwetinokia utahensis (56542 56547 56549)
St Davids509.0 - 497.0USA (Utah) Diagoniella cyathiformis, Diagoniella robisoni (121233) Kiwetinokia utahensis (121234) Protospongia sp. (216)
St Davids509.0 - 497.0Canada (British Columbia) Protospongia sp. (215 122017 122072)
Drumian504.5 - 500.5USA (Utah) Diagoniella sp., Protospongia elongata, Testiispongia venula, Diagoniella cyathiformis, Diagoniella magna, Diagoniella hindei, Protospongia hicksi (230679)
Menevian504.5 - 499.5Denmark (Bornholm) Protospongia fenestrata (75946 75947)
Menevian504.5 - 499.5United Kingdom (Wales) Protospongia sp. (193782) Protospongia spicules (198942)
Menevian504.5 - 499.5USA (Utah) Diagoniella cyathiformis (56186) Diagoniella cyathiformis, Diagoniella magna (69395) Diagoniella sp. (230681) Diagoniella sp., Protospongia elongata, Testiispongia venula, Diagoniella hindei (56187) Kiwetinokia sp. (56199)
Drumian - Marjumian504.5 - 497.0Mexico Kiwetinokia sp., Protospongia sp., Diagoniella cyathiformis (236876)
Marjumian504.5 - 497.0USA (Utah) Diagoniella cyathiformis (77207) Diagoniella sp., Diagoniella cyathiformis, Diagoniella robisoni, Kiwetinokia utahensis (230682) Diagoniella sp., Protospongia elongata, Diagoniella hindei (77206) Diagoniella sp., Protospongia sp. (260) Protospongia sp. (56144)
Wangcunian504.5 - 497.0China (Zhejiang) Protospongia sp. (125533 125534)
Wangcunian504.5 - 497.0China (Henan) Protospongia sp. (127074)
Boomerangian500.5 - 499.0Mexico Kiwetinokia sp. (200299)
Furongian497.0 - 485.4Argentina (San Juan) Diagoniella sp., Protospongia sp. (233874)
Merioneth497.0 - 485.4Norway (Ringsaker) Protospongia sp. (194121 194127)
Furongian - Tremadocian497.0 - 477.7Argentina (Salta) Diagoniella sp. (120881)
Cressagian486.5 - 482.0United Kingdom (England) Protospongia sp. (3711)
Tremadoc486.5 - 477.7USA (New York) Palaeosaccus sp., Megastylia sp. (272)
Tremadoc486.5 - 477.7Argentina Brooksella sp. (8900)
Migneintian485.4 - 478.6United Kingdom (England) Protospongia sp. (3710)
Tremadocian485.4 - 477.7Argentina (Salta) Protospongioidea indet. (120880)
Klabava478.6 - 466.0Czech Republic Protospongia novaki (3838) Protospongia sp. (3841)
Rangerian470.0 - 470.3USA (Idaho) Protospongia sp. (103788)
Dapingian470.0 - 467.3United Kingdom (England) Heminectere rushtoni (120548)
Llanvirn468.0 - 458.4United Kingdom (Wales) Triactinella rigbyi (119434)
Sandbian458.4 - 453.0United Kingdom (Wales) Protospongioidea indet. A, Protospongioidea indet. B, Protospongioidea indet. C, Protospongioidea indet. D, Heminectere minima (120627)
Silurian443.8 - 419.2Portugal Diagoniella sp., Gabelia sp., Protospongia iberica (677)
Llandovery443.4 - 433.4Canada (British Columbia) Diagoniella tubulara (120573)
Llandovery - Wenlock443.4 - 427.4Canada (British Columbia) Protospongia conica (120574 120575)
Wenlock433.4 - 427.4Canada (British Columbia) Diagoniella sp., Protospongia conica, Gabelia pedunculus, Hexatractiella nevadensis, Hexatractiella pseudonevadensis (120526) Protospongia columbiana (120527)
Gorstian427.4 - 425.6Greenland Diagoniella mica (121182)
Ludlow427.4 - 423.0USA (Nevada) Gabelia fascicula, Gabelia giganta, Protospongia sp., Gabelia pedunculus, Gabelia intermedia (729)
Lochkovian419.2 - 410.8USA (Nevada) Protospongia sp. 2, Protospongia sp. 1, Protospongia conica, Gabelia pedunculus, Diagoniella nevadensis, Protospongia spina (120531)
Early/Lower Emsian409.1 - 402.5Germany Protospongia rhenana (26904)
Zlichovian409.1 - 391.9Spain (Palencia) Iberospongia globulara (39707)
Late/Upper Devonian382.7 - 358.9USA (Nevada) Gabelia pedunculus (111785)