PBDB Taxon

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Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Sivapithecini

Osteichthyes - Primates - Hominidae

Taxonomy

Sivapithecini is a tribe. It is not extant.

It was assigned to Ponginae by Andrews (1992), Cameron (1997), Kelley (2002).

Subtaxa

Ramapithecidae, Ramapithecinae, Sivapithecinae, Sivapithecus (syn. Ramapithecus, Ankarapithecus)

Synonyms

Sivapithecinae is a subfamily. It is not extant.

It was considered an invalid subgroup of Pongidae by Andrews and Cronin (1982); it was considered an invalid subgroup of Sivapithecini by Andrews (1992).

It was assigned to Ramapithecidae by Pilbeam et al. (1977).
Ramapithecinae was named by Simonetta (1957). It is not extant.

It was considered an invalid subgroup of Pongidae by Andrews and Cronin (1982); it was considered an invalid subgroup of Sivapithecini by Andrews (1992).

It was assigned to Ramapithecidae by Pilbeam et al. (1977); and to Hominidae by Kay (1982).
Ramapithecidae was named by Simonetta (1957). It is not extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Pongidae by Andrews and Cronin (1982); it was considered an invalid subgroup of Sivapithecini by Andrews (1992).

It was assigned to Hominoidea by Pilbeam et al. (1977).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1957	Ramapithecidae Simonetta
1957	Ramapithecinae Simonetta
1977	Ramapithecidae Pilbeam et al. p. 695
1977	Ramapithecinae Pilbeam et al. p. 695
1977	Sivapithecinae Pilbeam et al. p. 695
1982	Ramapithecinae Kay p. 209
1992	Sivapithecini Andrews p. 644
1997	Sivapithecini Cameron
2002	Sivapithecini Kelley

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
class	Osteichthyes
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
subclass	Synapsida
—	Therapsida	()
infraorder	Cynodontia	()
—	Mammaliamorpha

Rank	Name	Author
—	Mammaliaformes
class	Mammalia
—	Cladotheria
—	Zatheria
subclass	Tribosphenida	()
subclass	Theria
—	Eutheria	()
—	Placentalia
—	Boreoeutheria
—	Euarchontoglires	Murphy et al. 2001
—	Euarchonta
order	Primates
infraorder	Haplorhini	(Pocock 1918)
—	Anthropoidea	(Mivart 1864)
infraorder	Catarrhini	Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1812
superfamily	Hominoidea	Gray 1825
family	Hominidae	Gray 1825
subfamily	Ponginae	Elliot 1913
tribe	Sivapithecini
tribe	Sivapithecini

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Tr. †Sivapithecini

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G. †Sivapithecus Pilgrim 1910

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†Sivapithecus indicus Pilgrim 1910

Invalid names: Sivapithecus orientalis Pilgrim 1927 [synonym]

†Sivapithecus parvada Kelley 1988

†Sivapithecus punjabicus Pilgrim 1910

†Sivapithecus simsoni Kay 1982

Invalid names: Ankarapithecus Ozansoy 1965 [synonym], Palaeopithecus Lydekker 1879 [nomen dubium], Ramapithecus Lewis 1934 [synonym], Sivapithecus sivalensis Lydekker 1879 [nomen dubium]

Invalid names: Ramapithecidae Simonetta 1957 [invalid subgroup], Ramapithecinae Simonetta 1957 [invalid subgroup], Sivapithecinae [invalid subgroup]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

phosphaticsubp

Environment:

terrestrialsubc

Locomotion:

actively mobilec

Life habit:

ground dwellingf

Diet:

omnivoref

Reproduction:

viviparoussubc

Created:

2005-06-08 10:11:09

Modified:

2005-08-22 19:23:50

Source: f = family, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum

References: Hendy et al. 2009, Ji et al. 2002, Carroll 1988, Lillegraven 1979, Nowak 1991

Age range: base of the MN 5 to the top of the Middle Pleistocene or 15.98000 to 0.12900 Ma

Collections (21 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Langhian	15.98 - 13.82	Kenya (Nyanza)	Sivapithecus sp., Ramapithecus wickeri (21339)
Langhian	15.98 - 13.82	Kenya	Ramapithecus wickeri (22069 22078)
MN 5	15.98 - 13.82	Türkiye (Bursa)	Sivapithecus darwini, Ramapithecus wickeri (68547)
Middle Miocene	15.98 - 11.63	Nepal	Sivapithecus punjabicus (48666)
Middle Miocene	15.98 - 11.63	India (Jammu and Kashmir)	Sivapithecus simonsi, Sivapithecus indicus, Sivapithecus sivalensis (11797)
Serravallian	13.82 - 11.63	Kenya (Central Nyanza)	Ramapithecus wickeri (21340)
Tortonian	11.63 - 7.246	China (Yunnan)	Sivapithecus lufengensis, Ramapithecus lufengensis (11798)
Late/Upper Miocene	11.63 - 5.333	India (Gujarat)	Sivapithecus sp. (197656)
Late/Upper Miocene	11.63 - 5.333	Pakistan	Sivapithecus indicus (11800 32144)
Late/Upper Miocene	11.63 - 5.333	India (Himachal Pradesh)	Gigantopithecus bilaspurensis (188839)
Early/Lower Pleistocene	2.58 - 0.774	China (Guangxi)	Gigantopithecus blacki (230325)
Early/Lower Pleistocene	2.58 - 0.774	China ( Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region)	Gigantopithecus blacki (214689)
Early/Lower Pleistocene	2.58 - 0.774	China (Hubei)	Gigantopithecus sp. (36208)
Early/Lower Pleistocene	2.58 - 0.774	China (Guanxi)	Gigantopithecus sp. (230994)
Middle Pleistocene	0.774 - 0.129	Vietnam	Gigantopithecus sp. (108001)
Middle Pleistocene	0.774 - 0.129	China (Guangxi)	Gigantopithecus blacki (235739 235740) Gigantopithecus sp. (38649)
Middle Pleistocene	0.774 - 0.129	Vietnam (Lang Son)	Gigantopithecus blacki (92781)