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Cervidae (deer)

Mammalia - Cervidae

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1758Cervus guineensis Linnaeus p. 68
1821Cervidae Gray p. 307
1850Cervidae Bonaparte p. 1
1873Cervidae Leidy p. 317
1876Cervus whitneyi Allen p. 49
1883Cervidae Flower p. 185
1889Cervidae Cope p. 877
1891Cervidae Flower and Lydekker p. 90
1902Cervidae Hay p. 681
1902Dama whitneyi Hay p. 684
1908Cervidae Matthew p. 561
1910Cervidae Gregory p. 466
1911Cervidae Jaekel p. 234
1920Sangamona Hay p. 91
1920Sangamona fugitiva Hay p. 91 figs. Plate 3, figs. 14-15
1934Cervidae Cook p. 157
1935Sangamona Schultz and Howard p. 287
1937Odocoileus whitneyi Frick
1980Cervidae Kurten and Anderson p. 309
1980Sangamona Kurten and Anderson p. 313
1980Sangamona fugitiva Kurten and Anderson p. 313
1981Cervidae Thurmond and Jones p. 190
1988Cervidae Carroll
1989Cervidae Shoshani et al. p. 436
1991Cervidae Nowak
2001Cervidae Sach and Heizmann p. 35
2003Cervidae Hassanin and Douzery
2005Cervidae Wilson and Reeder
2008Cervidae Agnarsson and May-Collado p. 974 figs. Fig. 2
2009Cervidae Spaulding et al.
2014Cervidae Gonzalez et al. p. 483
2014Surameryx Prothero et al.
2014Surameryx acrensis Prothero et al. p. 435 figs. 2-4
2017Cervidae Cregut-Bonnoure and Tsoukala
2018Cervidae Eshelman et al. p. 9

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
Bilateria
EubilateriaAx 1987
Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
Tetrapoda
Reptiliomorpha
Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
Cotylosauria()
Amniota
subclassSynapsida
Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
RankNameAuthor
Mammaliamorpha
Mammaliaformes
classMammalia
Cladotheria
Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
Eutheria()
Placentalia
Boreoeutheria
Laurasiatheria
Scrotifera
Euungulata
Artiodactylamorpha
Artiodactyla()
Ruminantiamorpha
Ruminantia(Scopoli 1777)
Pecora()
familyCervidae
familyCervidae

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Fm. Cervidae Gray 1821 [deer]
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G. †Agalmaceros Hoffstetter 1952
+
Agalmaceros blicki Frick 1937
Subfm. Alcinae Jerdon 1874
+
G. Alces Gray 1821 [moose]
+
Alces alces Linnaeus 1758 [moose]
+
Invalid names: Alces muswa Richardson 1852 [synonym], Alces runnymedensis Hay 1923 [synonym], Cervus americanus Clinton 1822 [synonym]
Alces americanus Jardine 1837
Alces machlis Gray 1821 [elk]
Invalid names: Alces shimeki Hay 1914 [nomen dubium], Alus Gray 1825 [nomen nudum]
G. †Libralces Azzaroli 1952
+
Libralces gallicus Azzaroli 1952
Libralces minor Vislobokova 1986
Libralces reynoldsi Azzaroli 1953
G. †Pseudalces Flerov 1962
+
Pseudalces mirandus Flerov 1962
G. †Anoglochis Croizet and Jobert 1826
G. †Bretzia Fry and Gustafson 1974
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Bretzia nebrascensis Gunnell and Foral. 1994
Bretzia pseudalces Fry and Gustafson 1974
Subfm. Capreolinae Brookes 1828
+
G. Capreolus Gray 1821 [roe]
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Capreolus capreolus Linnaeus 1758 [European roe deer]
Capreolus constantini Vislobokova et al. 1995
Capreolus formosanus Shikama 1937
Capreolus pygargus Pallas 1771
G. †Cervavitus Chomenko 1913
+
Cervavitus cauvieri de Christol 1832
Cervavitus fenqii Han 1987
Cervavitus novorossiae Khomenko 1913
Cervavitus shanxius Dong and Hu 1994
Cervavitus ultimus Lin et al. 1978
Invalid names: Cervocerus Khomenko 1913 [synonym], Damacerus Khomenko 1913 [synonym], Metadicrocerus Schlosser 1924 [synonym], Procervus Alexejev 1913 [synonym]
G. †Pliocervus Hilzheimer 1922
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Pliocervus matheronis Gervais 1859
Invalid names: Ctenocerus Kretzoi 1941 [synonym], Ctenocervus Kretzoi 1968 [synonym]
G. †Procapreolus Schlosser 1929
+
Procapreolus cusanus Croizet and Jobert 1928
Procapreolus florovi Korotkevich 1974
Procapreolus graecus Azanza 1995
Procapreolus latifrons Schlosser 1924
Procapreolus loczyi Pohlig 1911
Procapreolus ukrainicus Korotkevich 1965
+
Invalid names: Procapreolus ucrainica Korotkevich 1963 [replaced]
Invalid names: Alceini Brookes 1828 [empty]
G. †Cervalces Scott 1885 [stag moose]
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Cervalces latifrons Johnson 1874
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Invalid names: Cervalces alaskensis Frick 1937 [synonym], Cervalces borealis Bensley 1913 [synonym], Cervalces roosevelti Hay 1913 [synonym]
Cervalces postremus Vangengeim and Flerov 1965
Cervalces scotti Lydekker 1898
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Invalid names: Giraffa nebrascensis Matthew 1925 [synonym]
G. †Cervavitulus Kretzoi 1951
Tr. Cervina Gray 1825
+
G. Coassus Gray 1825
G. Tarandus Gray 1825
Subfm. Cervinae Goldfuss 1820
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G. †Arvernoceros Heintz 1968
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Arvernoceros ardei Croizet and Jobert 1828
G. †Candiacervus Kuss 1975
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Candiacervus cretensis Simonelli 1907
Candiacervus devosi van der Geer 2018
Candiacervus dorothensis Capasso Barbato 1992
Candiacervus listeri van der Geer 2018
Candiacervus major Capasso Barbato and Petronio 1986
Candiacervus reumeri van der Geer 2018
G. †Croizetoceros Heintz 1970
+
Croizetoceros pyrenaicus Mennecart et al. 2017
Croizetoceros ramosus Croizet and Jobert 1828
G. †Eucladoceros Falconer 1868
+
Eucladoceros boulei Teilhard de Chardin and Piveteau 1930
Eucladoceros ctenoides Nesti 1841
Tr. †Megacerini Viret 1961
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G. †Neomegaloceros Korotkevitsch 1971
G. †Orchonoceros Vislobokova 1979
G. †Sinomegaceros Chow et al. 1965
G. †Megaloceros Brookes 1828 [Irish elk]
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Subg. †Megaloceros (Megaceroides) Joleaud 1914
Megaloceros algericus Lydekker 1890
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Invalid names: Cervus pachygenys Pommel 1829 [synonym]
Megaloceros giganteus Blumenbach 1799
Invalid names: Megaceros Owen 1844 [synonym]
G. †Metacervocerus Dietrich 1935
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Metacervocerus pardinensis Croizet and Jobert 1828
Metacervocerus philisi Mennecart et al. 2017
Metacervocerus rhenanus Dubois 1904
Metacervocerus shansius Teilhard de Chardin and Trassaert 1937
Invalid names: Pseudodama Azzaroli 1992 [synonym]
G. †Praedama Portis 1920
G. †Praeelaphus Portis 1920
+
Praeelaphus arvernensis Croizet and Jobert 1828
Praeelaphus etueriarum Croizet and Jobert 1828
Praeelaphus perrieri Croizet and Jobert 1828
G. †Praesinomegaceros Vislobokova 1983
+
Praesinomegaceros asiaticus Vislobokova 1983
Praesinomegaceros bakri Croitor et al. 2021
Praesinomegaceros venustus Vislobokova 2009
G. †Torontoceros Churcher and Peterson 1982
+
Torontoceros hypogaeus Churcher and Peterson 1982
G. †Cervodama Pidoplichko and Flerov 1952
G. †Charitoceros Hoffstetter 1963
G. †Eocoileus Webb 2000
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Eocoileus gentryorum Webb 2000
G. †Euctenoceros Trouessart 1898
G. †Eumeryx Matthew and Granger 1924
+
Eumeryx culminis Matthew and Granger 1924
Eumeryx imbellis Vislobokova 1983
G. †Furcifer Wagner 1844
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Furcifer bisulcus Molina 1782
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Invalid names: Capreolus leucotis Gray 1849 [synonym], Cervus (Cervequus) andicus Lesson 1842 [synonym], Cervus (Furcifer) antisiensis d'Orbigny 1834 [synonym], Cervus chilensis Gay and Gervais 1846 [synonym]
Furcifer seleniticus Ameghino 1888
Furcifer sulcatus Ameghino 1882
G. †Lucentia Azanza and Montoya 1995
+
Lucentia iberica Azanza and Montoya 1995
Lucentia pierensis Thomas 1951
G. †Metacervulus Teilhard de Jardin and Trassaert 1937
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Tr. Moschina Gray 1825
+
G. Memina Fischer de Waldheim 1813
G. †Nemomeryx Morea 1981
+
Nemomeryx vyaensis Morea 1981
G. †Palaeoplatyceros Hernandez-Pacheco 1913
+
Palaeoplatyceros hispanicus Hernandez-Pacheco 1913
G. †Paracervulus Teilhard de Chardin and Trassaert 1937
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Paracervulus australis Serres 1832
G. †Paradicrocerus Gabunia 1959
+
Tr. Cervini Goldfuss 1820
+
G. Axis Gray 1825
+
Subg. Axis (Axis) Gray 1825
Subg. Axis (Hyelaphus) Bechst
+
Axis axis Erxleben 1777 [chital]
Axis kuhlii Müller 1840
Axis porcinus Zimmerman 1780
Invalid names: Cervavus Schlosser 1903 [synonym]
G. †Bohlinella Sprague 1939
+
Invalid names: Deperetia Shikama 1936 [replaced], Nipponicervus Matsumoto [synonym]
G. Cervus Linnaeus 1758
+
Subg. †Cervus (Cervequus) Lesson 1842
Subg. Cervus (Cervus) Linnaeus 1758
Subg. †Cervus (Deperetia) Shikama 1936
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Subg. †Cervus (Leptocervus) Capasso Barbato 1992
Subg. †Cervus (Sika) Sclater 1870
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Cervus albirostris Przewalski 1883
Cervus alfredi Sclater 1870
Cervus anocerus Kaup 1839
Cervus aristotelis Lydekker 1886
Cervus australis de Serres 1838
Cervus bertholdi Kaup 1839
Cervus bezoarticus Linnaeus 1758 [Pampas deer]
Cervus brevitrabalis Cope 1889
+
Invalid names: Alces semipalmatus Cope 1889 [synonym]
Cervus canadensis Erxleben 1777 [elk]
Cervus cornaliai D'Erasmo 1933
Cervus costrizensis Holl 1829
Cervus curtocerus Kaup 1839
Cervus dicranocerus Kaup 1839
Cervus elaphus Linnaeus 1758 [red deer]
Cervus fortis Cope 1877
Cervus gouazoubira Fischer 1814
Cervus latus Ameghino 1889
Cervus lydekkeri Martin 1888
Cervus mariannus Desmarest 1822
Cervus mediterraneus Holl 1829
Cervus mongoliae Gaudry 1872
Cervus nanus Kaup 1839
Cervus nestii Azzaroli 1947
Cervus nippon Temminck 1838
Cervus obscurus Azzaroli 1953
Cervus partschii Kaup 1839
Cervus percultus Ameghino 1902
Cervus perolensis Azzaroli 1952
Cervus ruscinensis Depéret 1890
Cervus schomburgki Blythe 1863
Cervus sedgwickii Leny 1902
Cervus simplicidens Lydekker 1876
Cervus sivalensis Lydekker 1876
Cervus timorensis Blainville 1822
Cervus trigonocerus Kaup 1839
Cervus triplidens Lydekker 1876
Cervus tuberculatus Gervais and Ameghino 1880
Cervus unicolor Kerr 1792 [sambar]
Invalid names: Cervus aguangae Frick 1937 [nomen dubium], Cervus fortisi Cope 1878 [nomen dubium], Proboselaphus Matsumoto 1915 [synonym], Proboselaphus watasei Matsumoto 1915 [nomen dubium], Przewalskium Flerov 1930 [synonym]
G. Dama Frisch 1775 [fallow deer]
+
Cervus (Dama) somonensis Cuvier 1800
Dama dama Linnaeus 1758 [fallow deer]
Dama eurygonos Azzaroli 1947
Dama laevicornis Cope 1896
Dama mesopotamica Brooke 1875 [Persian fallow deer]
Dama roberti Breda and Lister 2013
G. Elaphurus Milne-Edwards 1866 [Pere David's deer]
+
Elaphurus bifurcatus Teilhard de Chardin and Piveteau 1930
Elaphurus davidianus Milne Edwards 1866
G. Panolia Pocock 1943
G. Rucervus Hodgson 1838
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Rucervus duvaucelii Cuvier 1823
Rucervus eldii M'Clelland 1842
G. Rusa Smith 1827
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Cervus (Rusa) elegans Teilhard de Chardin and Piveteau 1930
Cervus (Rusa) leptodus Koken 1885
Rusa equina Cuvier 1825
+
Invalid names: Cervus axis Raffles 1822 [replaced]
Rusa kendengensis Dubois 1908
Tr. Muntiacini Pockock 1923
+
G. Elaphodus Milne-Edwards 1872
+
Elaphodus cephalophus Milne-Edwards 1872
G. †Eostylocerus Zdansky 1925
+
Eostylocerus blainvillei Zdansky 1925
Eostylocerus hezhengensis Deng et al. 2014
Eostylocerus triangularis Zdansky 1925
G. †Euprox Stehlin 1928
+
Euprox altus Wang and Zhang 2011
Euprox furcatus Hensel 1859
Euprox grandis Hou 2015
Euprox robustus Dong et al. 2003
G. Megamuntiacus Tuoc et al. 1994
+
Megamuntiacus vuquangensis Tuoc et al. 1994
G. Muntiacus Rafinesque 1815 [muntjak]
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Muntiacus atherodes Groves and Grubb 1982 [Bornean yellow muntjac]
Muntiacus bohlini Teilhard de Chardin 1940
Muntiacus crinifrons Sclater 1885
Muntiacus feae Thomas and Doria 1889 [Fea's muntjac]
Muntiacus fenghoensis Chow 1956
Muntiacus gongshanensis Ma 1990 [Gongshan muntjac]
Muntiacus lacustris Teilhard de Chardin and Trassaert 1937
Muntiacus leilaoensis Dong et al. 2004
Muntiacus montanus Robinson and Kloss 1918 [Sumatran muntjac]
Muntiacus moschatus Blainville 1816
Muntiacus muntjak Rafinesque 1815
Muntiacus nanus Teilhard de Chardin and Trassaert 1937
Muntiacus puhoatensis Trai 1997 [Puhoat muntjac]
Muntiacus putaoensis Amato et al. 1999 [leaf deer]
Muntiacus reevesi Ogliby 1839
Muntiacus rooseveltorum Osgood 1932 [Roosevelt's muntjac]
Muntiacus truongsonensis Giao and Tuoc 1998 [Truong Son muntjac]
Muntiacus vuquangensis Tuoc et al. 1994 [Large-antlered muntjac]
Muntiacus zhaotongensis Dong et al. 2014
Invalid names: Cervulus de Blainville 1816 [synonym]
G. †Praemegaceros Portis 1920
+
Subg. †Praemegaceros (Nesoleipoceros) Radulesco and Samson 1967
+
Invalid names: Cervus (Anoglokis) Robert 1830 [synonym]
Invalid names: Allocaenelaphus Radulesco and Samson 1967 [synonym], Praerangifer Portis 1920 [synonym], Psecupsoceros Radulesco and Samson 1967 [synonym], Tamanalces Vereshchagin 1957 [synonym]
G. Pseudaxis Gray 1872
G. Pudu Gray 1850 [pudus]
+
Pudu mephistophiles de Winton 1896 [northern pudu]
Pudu puda Molina 1782 [southern pudu]
Invalid names: Pudua Garrod 1877 [synonym]
+
+
G. Hydropotes Swinhoe 1870 [Chinese water deer]
+
Hydropotes inermis Swinhoe 1870 [water deer]
Tr. Odocoileini Pocock 1923 [New World deer]
+
G. Blastocerus Wagner 1844 [marsh deer]
+
Blastoceros azpeitianus Ameghino 1888
Blastoceros campestris Cuvier 1817
Blastoceros paludosus Desmarest 1822
Blastocerus dichotomus Illiger 1815 [marsh deer]
Blastocerus extraneus Simpson 1928
Invalid names: Antifer Ameghino 1889 [synonym], Epieuryceros Ameghino 1889 [synonym], Paraceros Ameghino 1889 [synonym]
G. Hippocamelus Leuckart 1816 [huemuls]
+
Subg. †Hippocamelus (Furcifer) Wagner 1844
+
Hippocamelus antisensis d'Orbigny 1834
G. Mazama Rafinesque 1817 [brocket deer]
+
Mazama americana Erxleben 1777 [red brocket]
Mazama bororo Duarte 1996 [small red brocket deet]
Mazama bricenii Thomas 1908 [Merida brocket deer]
Mazama chunyi Hershkovitz 1959
Mazama nana Hensel 1872 [pygmy brocket deer]
Mazama nemorivaga Cuvier 1817 [Amazonian brown brocket deer]
Mazama pandora Merriam 1901 [Yucatan brocket deer]
Mazama rufina Pucheran 1851
Mazama temama Kerr 1792 [Central American red brocket]
+
Invalid names: Mazama tema Rafinesque 1817 [synonym]
G. †Morenelaphus Carette 1922
+
Morenelaphus brachyceros Gervais and Ameghino 1880
Invalid names: Habromeryx Cabrera 1929 [synonym], Pampaeocervus Carette 1922 [synonym]
Tr. Odocoileini Simpson 1945
+
G. Blastoceros Fitzinger 1860
G. Odocoileus Rafinesque 1832
+
Odocoileus hemionus Rafinesque 1817 [mule deer]
+
Invalid names: Cariacus ensifer Cope 1889 [synonym], Odocoileus cascensis Frick 1937 [synonym], Odocoileus columbianus Merriam 1898 [synonym]
Odocoileus lucasi Hay 1927
Odocoileus peruvianus Gray 1874
Odocoileus salinae Frick 1937
Odocoileus virginianus Zimmermann 1780 [white-tailed deer]
+
Odocoileus virginianus aplodon Slaughter and Crook 1962
Invalid names: Odocoileus cooki Frick 1937 [synonym], Odocoileus sheridanus Frick 1937 [synonym]
Invalid names: Cariacus Lesson 1842 [synonym], Navahoceros Kurten 1975 [nomen nudum], Odocoileus brachydontus Oelrich 1953 [nomen dubium], Odocoileus brachyodontus Oelrich 1953 [nomen dubium], Paleoodocoileus Spillmann 1931 [synonym], Protomazama Spillmann 1931 [synonym]
G. Ozotoceros Ameghino 1891
+
Ozotoceros bezoarticus Linné 1758 [Pampas deer]
G. †Pavlodaria Vislobokova 1980
G. †Rohnia Castellanos 1957
+
Rohnia minuta Rohn 1951
Invalid names: Pudini Pocock 1923 [empty]
+
G. Rangifer Hamilton-Smith 1827 [reindeer]
+
Rangifer arcticus Richardson 1829
+
Rangifer arcticus dawsoni Seton-Thompson 1899
Invalid names: Rangifer arcticus mcguirei Figgins 1919 [synonym]
Rangifer arcticus montanus Seton-Thompson 1899
Rangifer fennicus Lönnberg 1909
+
Rangifer tarandus Linnaeus 1758 [reindeer]
+
Rangifer tarandus sibiricus von Schreber 1784
Invalid names: Rangifer muscatinensis Leidy 1879 [synonym]
Invalid names: Capreolini [empty]
Invalid names: Cervulinae [empty], Cervus guineensis Linnaeus 1758 [nomen dubium], Pliocervinae Symeonidis 1974 [empty], Sangamona Hay 1920 [nomen vanum], Sangamona fugitiva Hay 1920 [nomen vanum], Surameryx Prothero et al. 2014 [nomen dubium], Surameryx acrensis Prothero et al. 2014 [nomen dubium]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available