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Taxonomy
Cervidae was named by Gray (1821). It is extant.
It was assigned to Ruminantes by Gray (1821); to Pecora by Bonaparte (1850) and Flower (1883); to Artiodactyla by Cope (1889); to Booidea by Hay (1902); to Ruminantii by Jaekel (1911); to Pecora by Cook (1934); to Ruminantia by Leidy (1873), Gregory (1910) and Thurmond and Jones (1981); to Cervoidea by Carroll (1988) and Sach and Heizmann (2001); to Pecora by Hassanin and Douzery (2003); to Pecora by Flower and Lydekker (1891), Matthew (1908), Agnarsson and May-Collado (2008) and Spaulding et al. (2009); to Artiodactyla by Gonzalez et al. (2014); and to Artiodactyla by Kurten and Anderson (1980), Shoshani et al. (1989), Nowak (1991), Wilson and Reeder (2005), Cregut-Bonnoure and Tsoukala (2017) and Eshelman et al. (2018).
It was assigned to Ruminantes by Gray (1821); to Pecora by Bonaparte (1850) and Flower (1883); to Artiodactyla by Cope (1889); to Booidea by Hay (1902); to Ruminantii by Jaekel (1911); to Pecora by Cook (1934); to Ruminantia by Leidy (1873), Gregory (1910) and Thurmond and Jones (1981); to Cervoidea by Carroll (1988) and Sach and Heizmann (2001); to Pecora by Hassanin and Douzery (2003); to Pecora by Flower and Lydekker (1891), Matthew (1908), Agnarsson and May-Collado (2008) and Spaulding et al. (2009); to Artiodactyla by Gonzalez et al. (2014); and to Artiodactyla by Kurten and Anderson (1980), Shoshani et al. (1989), Nowak (1991), Wilson and Reeder (2005), Cregut-Bonnoure and Tsoukala (2017) and Eshelman et al. (2018).
Subtaxa
Agalmaceros, Alcinae, Anoglochis, Bretzia, Capreolinae, Cervalces, Cervavitulus, Cervina, Cervinae, Cervodama, Cervulinae, Cervus guineensis, Charitoceros, Eocoileus, Euctenoceros, Eumeryx, Furcifer, Lucentia, Metacervulus, Moschina, Nemomeryx, Palaeoplatyceros, Paracervulus, Paradicrocerus, Plesiometacarpalia, Pliocervinae, Praemegaceros (syn. Allocaenelaphus, Praerangifer, Psecupsoceros, Tamanalces), Pseudaxis, Pudu (syn. Pudua), Sangamona, Sangamona fugitiva (syn. Cervus whitneyi), Surameryx, Surameryx acrensis, Telemetacarpalia
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
---|---|
1758 | Cervus guineensis Linnaeus p. 68 |
1821 | Cervidae Gray p. 307 |
1850 | Cervidae Bonaparte p. 1 |
1873 | Cervidae Leidy p. 317 |
1876 | Cervus whitneyi Allen p. 49 |
1883 | Cervidae Flower p. 185 |
1889 | Cervidae Cope p. 877 |
1891 | Cervidae Flower and Lydekker p. 90 |
1902 | Cervidae Hay p. 681 |
1902 | Dama whitneyi Hay p. 684 |
1908 | Cervidae Matthew p. 561 |
1910 | Cervidae Gregory p. 466 |
1911 | Cervidae Jaekel p. 234 |
1920 | Sangamona Hay p. 91 |
1920 | Sangamona fugitiva Hay p. 91 figs. Plate 3, figs. 14-15 |
1934 | Cervidae Cook p. 157 |
1935 | Sangamona Schultz and Howard p. 287 |
1937 | Odocoileus whitneyi Frick |
1980 | Cervidae Kurten and Anderson p. 309 |
1980 | Sangamona Kurten and Anderson p. 313 |
1980 | Sangamona fugitiva Kurten and Anderson p. 313 |
1981 | Cervidae Thurmond and Jones p. 190 |
1988 | Cervidae Carroll |
1989 | Cervidae Shoshani et al. p. 436 |
1991 | Cervidae Nowak |
2001 | Cervidae Sach and Heizmann p. 35 |
2003 | Cervidae Hassanin and Douzery |
2005 | Cervidae Wilson and Reeder |
2008 | Cervidae Agnarsson and May-Collado p. 974 figs. Fig. 2 |
2009 | Cervidae Spaulding et al. |
2014 | Cervidae Gonzalez et al. p. 483 |
2014 | Surameryx Prothero et al. |
2014 | Surameryx acrensis Prothero et al. p. 435 figs. 2-4 |
2017 | Cervidae Cregut-Bonnoure and Tsoukala |
2018 | Cervidae Eshelman et al. p. 9 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. Cervidae Gray 1821 [deer]
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Subfm. Alcinae Jerdon 1874
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G. Alces Gray 1821 [moose]
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Alces alces Linnaeus 1758 [moose]
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Invalid names: Alces muswa Richardson 1852 [synonym], Alces runnymedensis Hay 1923 [synonym], Cervus americanus Clinton 1822 [synonym]
†Alces americanus Jardine 1837
Alces machlis Gray 1821 [elk]
Invalid names: Alces shimeki Hay 1914 [nomen dubium], Alus Gray 1825 [nomen nudum]
G. †Libralces Azzaroli 1952
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†Libralces gallicus Azzaroli 1952
†Libralces minor Vislobokova 1986
†Libralces reynoldsi Azzaroli 1953
G. †Anoglochis Croizet and Jobert 1826
G. †Bretzia Fry and Gustafson 1974
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†Bretzia nebrascensis Gunnell and Foral. 1994
†Bretzia pseudalces Fry and Gustafson 1974
Subfm. Capreolinae Brookes 1828
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G. Capreolus Gray 1821 [roe]
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Capreolus capreolus Linnaeus 1758 [European roe deer]
†Capreolus constantini Vislobokova et al. 1995
†Capreolus formosanus Shikama 1937
Capreolus pygargus Pallas 1771
G. †Cervavitus Chomenko 1913
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†Cervavitus cauvieri de Christol 1832
†Cervavitus fenqii Han 1987
†Cervavitus huadeensis Qiu 1979
†Cervavitus novorossiae Khomenko 1913
†Cervavitus shanxius Dong and Hu 1994
†Cervavitus ultimus Lin et al. 1978
Invalid names: Cervocerus Khomenko 1913 [synonym], Damacerus Khomenko 1913 [synonym], Metadicrocerus Schlosser 1924 [synonym], Procervus Alexejev 1913 [synonym]
G. †Pliocervus Hilzheimer 1922
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†Pliocervus matheronis Gervais 1859
Invalid names: Ctenocerus Kretzoi 1941 [synonym], Ctenocervus Kretzoi 1968 [synonym]
G. †Procapreolus Schlosser 1929
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†Procapreolus cusanus Croizet and Jobert 1928
†Procapreolus florovi Korotkevich 1974
†Procapreolus graecus Azanza 1995
†Procapreolus latifrons Schlosser 1924
†Procapreolus loczyi Pohlig 1911
†Procapreolus ukrainicus Korotkevich 1965
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Invalid names: Procapreolus ucrainica Korotkevich 1963 [replaced]
Invalid names: Alceini Brookes 1828 [empty]
G. †Cervalces Scott 1885 [stag moose]
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†Cervalces latifrons Johnson 1874
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Invalid names: Cervalces alaskensis Frick 1937 [synonym], Cervalces borealis Bensley 1913 [synonym], Cervalces roosevelti Hay 1913 [synonym]
†Cervalces postremus Vangengeim and Flerov 1965
G. †Cervavitulus Kretzoi 1951
Subfm. Cervinae Goldfuss 1820
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G. †Candiacervus Kuss 1975
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†Candiacervus cretensis Simonelli 1907
†Candiacervus devosi van der Geer 2018
†Candiacervus dorothensis Capasso Barbato 1992
†Candiacervus listeri van der Geer 2018
†Candiacervus major Capasso Barbato and Petronio 1986
†Candiacervus rethymnensis Kuss 1975
†Candiacervus reumeri van der Geer 2018
†Candiacervus ropalophorus de Vos 1979
G. †Croizetoceros Heintz 1970
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†Croizetoceros proramosus Dong 1996
†Croizetoceros pyrenaicus Mennecart et al. 2017
†Croizetoceros ramosus Croizet and Jobert 1828
G. †Eucladoceros Falconer 1868
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†Eucladoceros boulei Teilhard de Chardin and Piveteau 1930
†Eucladoceros ctenoides Nesti 1841
Tr. †Megacerini Viret 1961
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G. †Neomegaloceros Korotkevitsch 1971
G. †Orchonoceros Vislobokova 1979
G. †Sinomegaceros Chow et al. 1965
G. †Megaloceros Brookes 1828 [Irish elk]
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Subg. †Megaloceros (Megaceroides) Joleaud 1914
†Megaloceros giganteus Blumenbach 1799
†Megaloceros luochuanensis Xue 1982
Invalid names: Megaceros Owen 1844 [synonym]
G. †Metacervocerus Dietrich 1935
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†Metacervocerus pardinensis Croizet and Jobert 1828
†Metacervocerus philisi Mennecart et al. 2017
†Metacervocerus punjabiensis Brown 1926
†Metacervocerus rhenanus Dubois 1904
†Metacervocerus shansius Teilhard de Chardin and Trassaert 1937
Invalid names: Pseudodama Azzaroli 1992 [synonym]
G. †Praedama Portis 1920
G. †Praeelaphus Portis 1920
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†Praeelaphus arvernensis Croizet and Jobert 1828
†Praeelaphus etueriarum Croizet and Jobert 1828
†Praeelaphus perrieri Croizet and Jobert 1828
G. †Praesinomegaceros Vislobokova 1983
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†Praesinomegaceros asiaticus Vislobokova 1983
†Praesinomegaceros bakri Croitor et al. 2021
†Praesinomegaceros venustus Vislobokova 2009
G. †Cervodama Pidoplichko and Flerov 1952
G. †Charitoceros Hoffstetter 1963
G. †Euctenoceros Trouessart 1898
G. †Eumeryx Matthew and Granger 1924
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†Eumeryx culminis Matthew and Granger 1924
†Eumeryx imbellis Vislobokova 1983
G. †Furcifer Wagner 1844
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†Furcifer bisulcus Molina 1782
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Invalid names: Capreolus leucotis Gray 1849 [synonym], Cervus (Cervequus) andicus Lesson 1842 [synonym], Cervus (Furcifer) antisiensis d'Orbigny 1834 [synonym], Cervus chilensis Gay and Gervais 1846 [synonym]
†Furcifer seleniticus Ameghino 1888
†Furcifer sulcatus Ameghino 1882
G. †Lucentia Azanza and Montoya 1995
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†Lucentia iberica Azanza and Montoya 1995
†Lucentia pierensis Thomas 1951
G. †Paracervulus Teilhard de Chardin and Trassaert 1937
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†Paracervulus australis Serres 1832
†Paracervulus christoli Dong 1996
†Paracervulus perpinianensis Dong 1996
G. †Paradicrocerus Gabunia 1959
Unr. Plesiometacarpalia
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Tr. Cervini Goldfuss 1820
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G. Axis Gray 1825
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Subg. Axis (Axis) Gray 1825
Axis axis Erxleben 1777 [chital]
Axis kuhlii Müller 1840
Axis porcinus Zimmerman 1780
Invalid names: Cervavus Schlosser 1903 [synonym]
G. †Bohlinella Sprague 1939
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Invalid names: Deperetia Shikama 1936 [replaced], Nipponicervus Matsumoto [synonym]
G. Cervus Linnaeus 1758
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Subg. †Cervus (Cervequus) Lesson 1842
Subg. Cervus (Cervus) Linnaeus 1758
Subg. †Cervus (Deperetia) Shikama 1936
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†Cervus (Deperetia) kokubuni Shikama 1937
†Cervus (Deperetia) syatinensis Shikama 1937
Subg. †Cervus (Leptocervus) Capasso Barbato 1992
Cervus albirostris Przewalski 1883
Cervus alfredi Sclater 1870
†Cervus anocerus Kaup 1839
†Cervus aristotelis Lydekker 1886
†Cervus australis de Serres 1838
†Cervus bertholdi Kaup 1839
Cervus bezoarticus Linnaeus 1758 [Pampas deer]
Cervus canadensis Erxleben 1777 [elk]
†Cervus cornaliai D'Erasmo 1933
†Cervus costrizensis Holl 1829
†Cervus curtocerus Kaup 1839
†Cervus dicranocerus Kaup 1839
Cervus elaphus Linnaeus 1758 [red deer]
Cervus elaphus merriami Nelson 1902
†Cervus fortis Cope 1877
Cervus gouazoubira Fischer 1814
†Cervus latus Ameghino 1889
Cervus lydekkeri Martin 1888
Cervus mariannus Desmarest 1822
†Cervus mediterraneus Holl 1829
†Cervus mongoliae Gaudry 1872
†Cervus nanus Kaup 1839
†Cervus nestii Azzaroli 1947
Cervus nippon Temminck 1838
†Cervus obscurus Azzaroli 1953
†Cervus partschii Kaup 1839
†Cervus percultus Ameghino 1902
†Cervus perolensis Azzaroli 1952
†Cervus ruscinensis Depéret 1890
Cervus schomburgki Blythe 1863
†Cervus sedgwickii Leny 1902
†Cervus simplicidens Lydekker 1876
†Cervus sivalensis Lydekker 1876
Cervus timorensis Blainville 1822
†Cervus trigonocerus Kaup 1839
†Cervus triplidens Lydekker 1876
†Cervus tuberculatus Gervais and Ameghino 1880
Cervus unicolor Kerr 1792 [sambar]
Invalid names: Cervus aguangae Frick 1937 [nomen dubium], Cervus fortisi Cope 1878 [nomen dubium], Proboselaphus Matsumoto 1915 [synonym], Proboselaphus watasei Matsumoto 1915 [nomen dubium], Przewalskium Flerov 1930 [synonym]
G. Dama Frisch 1775 [fallow deer]
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†Cervus (Dama) somonensis Cuvier 1800
Dama dama Linnaeus 1758 [fallow deer]
†Dama eurygonos Azzaroli 1947
†Dama laevicornis Cope 1896
Dama mesopotamica Brooke 1875 [Persian fallow deer]
†Dama roberti Breda and Lister 2013
G. Elaphurus Milne-Edwards 1866 [Pere David's deer]
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†Elaphurus bifurcatus Teilhard de Chardin and Piveteau 1930
Elaphurus davidianus Milne Edwards 1866
G. Panolia Pocock 1943
G. Rusa Smith 1827
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†Cervus (Rusa) elegans Teilhard de Chardin and Piveteau 1930
†Cervus (Rusa) leptodus Koken 1885
†Rusa kendengensis Dubois 1908
Tr. Muntiacini Pockock 1923
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G. †Eostylocerus Zdansky 1925
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†Eostylocerus blainvillei Zdansky 1925
†Eostylocerus hezhengensis Deng et al. 2014
†Eostylocerus triangularis Zdansky 1925
G. †Euprox Stehlin 1928
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†Euprox altus Wang and Zhang 2011
†Euprox furcatus Hensel 1859
†Euprox grandis Hou 2015
†Euprox robustus Dong et al. 2003
G. Muntiacus Rafinesque 1815 [muntjak]
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Muntiacus atherodes Groves and Grubb 1982 [Bornean yellow muntjac]
†Muntiacus bohlini Teilhard de Chardin 1940
Muntiacus crinifrons Sclater 1885
Muntiacus feae Thomas and Doria 1889 [Fea's muntjac]
†Muntiacus fenghoensis Chow 1956
Muntiacus gongshanensis Ma 1990 [Gongshan muntjac]
†Muntiacus lacustris Teilhard de Chardin and Trassaert 1937
†Muntiacus leilaoensis Dong et al. 2004
Muntiacus montanus Robinson and Kloss 1918 [Sumatran muntjac]
Muntiacus moschatus Blainville 1816
Muntiacus muntjak Rafinesque 1815
Muntiacus muntjak nigripes Allen 1930
†Muntiacus nanus Teilhard de Chardin and Trassaert 1937
†Muntiacus noringenensis Dong 2007
Muntiacus puhoatensis Trai 1997 [Puhoat muntjac]
Muntiacus putaoensis Amato et al. 1999 [leaf deer]
Muntiacus reevesi Ogliby 1839
Muntiacus rooseveltorum Osgood 1932 [Roosevelt's muntjac]
Muntiacus truongsonensis Giao and Tuoc 1998 [Truong Son muntjac]
Muntiacus vuquangensis Tuoc et al. 1994 [Large-antlered muntjac]
†Muntiacus zhaotongensis Dong et al. 2014
Invalid names: Cervulus de Blainville 1816 [synonym]
G. †Praemegaceros Portis 1920
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Subg. †Praemegaceros (Nesoleipoceros) Radulesco and Samson 1967
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†Praemegaceros (Nesoleipoceros) cazioti Deperet 1897
†Praemegaceros (Nesoleipoceros) solihacus Robert 1830
Invalid names: Cervus (Anoglokis) Robert 1830 [synonym]
Subg. †Praemegaceros (Orthogonoceros) Kahlke 1956
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†Praemegaceros (Orthogonoceros) pliotarandoides De Alessandri 1903
Subg. †Praemegaceros (Praemegaceros) Portis 1920
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†Praemegaceros (Praemegaceros) dawkinsi Newton 1882
Invalid names: Allocaenelaphus Radulesco and Samson 1967 [synonym], Praerangifer Portis 1920 [synonym], Psecupsoceros Radulesco and Samson 1967 [synonym], Tamanalces Vereshchagin 1957 [synonym]
G. Pseudaxis Gray 1872
G. Pudu Gray 1850 [pudus]
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Pudu mephistophiles de Winton 1896 [northern pudu]
Pudu puda Molina 1782 [southern pudu]
Invalid names: Pudua Garrod 1877 [synonym]
Unr. Telemetacarpalia
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Tr. Hydropotini
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Tr. Odocoileini Pocock 1923 [New World deer]
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G. Blastocerus Wagner 1844 [marsh deer]
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†Blastoceros azpeitianus Ameghino 1888
†Blastoceros campestris Cuvier 1817
†Blastoceros paludosus Desmarest 1822
Blastocerus dichotomus Illiger 1815 [marsh deer]
†Blastocerus extraneus Simpson 1928
Invalid names: Antifer Ameghino 1889 [synonym], Epieuryceros Ameghino 1889 [synonym], Paraceros Ameghino 1889 [synonym]
G. Hippocamelus Leuckart 1816 [huemuls]
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Hippocamelus antisensis d'Orbigny 1834
Hippocamelus bisulcus Molina 1782
G. Mazama Rafinesque 1817 [brocket deer]
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Mazama americana Erxleben 1777 [red brocket]
Mazama bororo Duarte 1996 [small red brocket deet]
Mazama bricenii Thomas 1908 [Merida brocket deer]
Mazama chunyi Hershkovitz 1959
Mazama nana Hensel 1872 [pygmy brocket deer]
Mazama nemorivaga Cuvier 1817 [Amazonian brown brocket deer]
Mazama pandora Merriam 1901 [Yucatan brocket deer]
Mazama rufina Pucheran 1851
Mazama temama Kerr 1792 [Central American red brocket]
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Invalid names: Mazama tema Rafinesque 1817 [synonym]
G. †Morenelaphus Carette 1922
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†Morenelaphus brachyceros Gervais and Ameghino 1880
Invalid names: Habromeryx Cabrera 1929 [synonym], Pampaeocervus Carette 1922 [synonym]
G. Odocoileus Rafinesque 1832
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†Odocoileus dolichopsis Cope 1878
Odocoileus hemionus Rafinesque 1817 [mule deer]
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Invalid names: Cariacus ensifer Cope 1889 [synonym], Odocoileus cascensis Frick 1937 [synonym], Odocoileus columbianus Merriam 1898 [synonym]
†Odocoileus laevicornis Cope 1896
†Odocoileus lucasi Hay 1927
†Odocoileus peruvianus Gray 1874
Odocoileus rothschildi Thomas 1902
Odocoileus rothschildi chiriquensis Allen 1910
†Odocoileus salinae Frick 1937
†Odocoileus sellardsiae Hay 1917
Odocoileus virginianus Zimmermann 1780 [white-tailed deer]
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†Odocoileus virginianus aplodon Slaughter and Crook 1962
Invalid names: Odocoileus cooki Frick 1937 [synonym], Odocoileus sheridanus Frick 1937 [synonym]
Invalid names: Cariacus Lesson 1842 [synonym], Navahoceros Kurten 1975 [nomen nudum], Odocoileus brachydontus Oelrich 1953 [nomen dubium], Odocoileus brachyodontus Oelrich 1953 [nomen dubium], Paleoodocoileus Spillmann 1931 [synonym], Protomazama Spillmann 1931 [synonym]
G. †Pavlodaria Vislobokova 1980
Invalid names: Pudini Pocock 1923 [empty]
Tr. Rangiferini
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G. Rangifer Hamilton-Smith 1827 [reindeer]
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Rangifer arcticus Richardson 1829
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Rangifer arcticus arcticus Richardson 1829
†Rangifer arcticus dawsoni Seton-Thompson 1899
Rangifer arcticus fortidens Hollister 1912
Rangifer arcticus granti Allen 1902
Rangifer arcticus osborni Allen 1902
Rangifer arcticus pearyi Allen 1908
Rangifer arcticus stonei Allen 1901
Invalid names: Rangifer arcticus mcguirei Figgins 1919 [synonym]
Rangifer arcticus montanus Seton-Thompson 1899
Rangifer caribou Gmelin 1788
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Rangifer caribou caboti Allen 1914
Rangifer caribou terraenovae Allen 1896
Rangifer caribou caribou Gmelin 1788
Rangifer fennicus fennicus Lönnberg 1909
Rangifer groenlandicus Gmelin 1788
Rangifer platyrhynchus Vrolik 1829
Rangifer tarandus Linnaeus 1758 [reindeer]
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Rangifer tarandus sibiricus von Schreber 1784
Rangifer tarandus tarandus Trouessart 1898
Invalid names: Rangifer muscatinensis Leidy 1879 [synonym]
Invalid names: Capreolini [empty]
Invalid names: Cervulinae [empty], Cervus guineensis Linnaeus 1758 [nomen dubium], Pliocervinae Symeonidis 1974 [empty], Sangamona Hay 1920 [nomen vanum], Sangamona fugitiva Hay 1920 [nomen vanum], Surameryx Prothero et al. 2014 [nomen dubium], Surameryx acrensis Prothero et al. 2014 [nomen dubium]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available