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Trionyx

Reptilia - Testudines - Trionychidae

Taxonomy
Trionyx was named by Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire (1809). It is extant. Its type is Ulutrionyx ninae. It is the type genus of Trionychoidea, Trionychinae.

It was assigned to Emydidae by Owen (1842); to Chelonia by Leidy (1860); to Chelonia by Leidy (1865); to Testudinata by Cope (1891); to Trionychia by Case (1904); to Trionychini by Weisrock and Janzen (2000); to Trionychina by Karl (2007); to Trionychidae by Leidy (1873), Hay (1902), Lambe (1908), Gilmore (1931), Estes and Tihen (1964), Wilson (1967), Miller (1967), Estes and Berberian (1970), Khosatzky and Mlynarski (1971), Holman and Sullivan (1981), Carroll (1988), Bryant (1989), Holman et al. (1990), Frank and Ramus (1996), Sukhanov (2000), Böhme (2008); to Trionychinae by Lydekker (1889), Holman (2002), Staesche et al. (2007), Vitek and Danilov (2010), Danilov et al. (2011), Vitek and Danilov (2012), Danilov and Vitek (2013), Pérez-García et al. (2013), van Dijk et al. (2014); and to Trionychinae by Vitek and Danilov (2014), Georgalis and Joyce (2017).

Species
T. admirabilis, T. aequa (syn. Amyda crassa), T. allani, T. austerus (syn. Aspideretes vorax, Aspideretes fontanus), T. baynshirensis, T. beecheri, T. boulengeri (syn. T. clavatomarginatus), T. capellinii (syn. T. capellinii gracilina, T. capellinii montevialensis, T. capellinii conjugens, T. gemmellaroi, T. schaurothianus, T. affinis, T. intermedius, T. capellinii perexpansa, T. insolitus), T. dissolutus, T. ellipticus (syn. Aspideretes grangeri, Aspideretes annae), T. eloisae, T. foveatus (syn. Aspideretes subquadratus, Aspideretes rugosus, Aspideretes maturus), T. gangeticus, T. gilbentuensis, T. gobiensis, T. gregarius (syn. Rafetus gilmorei), T. henrici (syn. T. rivosus, T. incrassatus, T. circumsulcatus, T. planus, T. marginatus, T. barbarae), T. ikoviensis, T. jixiensis, T. johnsoni (syn. Amyda neimenguensis), T. kansaiensis, T. latus, T. leucopotamicus, T. linchuensis, T. miensis, T. minusculus, T. miocaenus, T. mira (syn. Platypeltis postera, Platypeltis extensa), T. ninae (syn. T. zaisanensis, T. turgaicus), T. nopcsai, T. onomatoplokos, T. phayrei, T. pliocenicus, T. reesidei (syn. Aspideretes quadratus), T. riabinini, T. robustus (syn. Aspideretes ovatus), T. shiluutulensis, T. silvestris (syn. T. michauxi), T. singularis (syn. Aspideretes sagatus, Aspideretes puercensis), T. triunguis, T. uintaensis (syn. Amyda nelsoni, Aspidonectes tritor, Amyda franciscae), T. vindobonensis (syn. T. teiritzbergensis, T. septemcostatus, T. petersi, T. brunhuberi, T. hoernesi, T. teyleri, T. rostratus, T. gergensi, T. peneckei)
Species lacking formal opinion data
T. pliopedemontanus

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1809Trionyx Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire
1842Trionyx Owen p. 168
1860Trionyx Leidy p. 148
1865Trionyx Leidy p. 113
1873Trionyx Leidy p. 341
1889Trionyx Lydekker p. 7
1891Trionyx Cope p. 5
1902Trionyx Hay p. 453
1904Trionyx Case p. 60
1908Trionyx Lambe
1931Trionyx Gilmore p. 253
1934Trionyx nopcsai Szalai
1964Trionyx Estes and Tihen p. 465
1967Trionyx Miller p. 226
1967Trionyx Wilson p. 205
1970Trionyx Estes and Berberian p. 5
1971Trionyx Khosatzky and Mlynarski p. 141
1981Trionyx Holman and Sullivan p. 141
1988Trionyx Carroll
1989Trionyx Bryant p. 40
1990Trionyx Holman et al. p. 524
1996Trionyx Frank and Ramus
1999Francedebroinella Chkhikvadze
2000Sinamyda Chkhikvadze
2000Trionyx Sukhanov p. 346
2000Trionyx Weisrock and Janzen p. 153
2002Trionyx Holman
2007Trionyx Karl p. 34
2007Trionyx Staesche et al.
2008Trionyx Böhme p. 168
2010Trionyx Vitek and Danilov
2011Trionyx Danilov et al. p. 400
2012Trionyx Vitek and Danilov p. 52
2013Trionyx Danilov and Vitek
2013Trionyx Pérez-García et al.
2014Trionyx Vitek and Danilov
2014Trionyx van Dijk et al.
2017Trionyx Georgalis and Joyce

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
RankNameAuthor
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
—Sauropsida
classReptilia
—Testudinata(Oppel 1811)
orderTestudinesBatsch 1788
suborderCryptodira
familyTrionychidaeGray 1825
subfamilyTrionychinaeGray 1825
genusTrionyx

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. Trionyx Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1809
show all | hide all
†Trionyx admirabilis Hay 1905
†Trionyx aequa Hay 1908
+
Invalid names: Amyda crassa Hay 1908 [synonym]
†Trionyx allani Gilmore 1923
†Trionyx austerus Hay 1908
+
Invalid names: Aspideretes fontanus Hay 1908 [synonym], Aspideretes vorax Hay 1908 [synonym]
†Trionyx baynshirensis Danilov et al. 2014
†Trionyx beecheri Hay 1904
†Trionyx boulengeri Reinach 1900
+
Invalid names: Trionyx clavatomarginatus Lörenthey 1903 [synonym]
†Trionyx capellinii Negri 1892
+
Invalid names: Trionyx affinis Negri 1892 [synonym], Trionyx capellinii conjugens Sacco 1894 [synonym], Trionyx capellinii gracilina Sacco 1895 [synonym], Trionyx capellinii montevialensis Negri 1892 [synonym], Trionyx capellinii perexpansa Sacco 1895 [synonym], Trionyx gemmellaroi Negri 1892 [synonym], Trionyx insolitus Bergounioux 1954 [synonym], Trionyx intermedius Bergounioux 1954 [synonym], Trionyx schaurothianus Negri 1893 [synonym]
†Trionyx dissolutus Vitek and Danilov 2014
†Trionyx ellipticus Hay 1908
+
Invalid names: Aspideretes annae Zangerl 1944 [synonym], Aspideretes grangeri Hay 1908 [synonym]
†Trionyx eloisae Gilmore 1919
†Trionyx foveatus Leidy 1856
+
Invalid names: Aspideretes maturus Lambe 1914 [synonym], Aspideretes rugosus Parks 1933 [synonym], Aspideretes subquadratus Lambe 1914 [synonym]
Trionyx gangeticus Cuvier 1824
†Trionyx gilbentuensis Danilov et al. 2014
†Trionyx gobiensis Danilov et al. 2014
†Trionyx gregarius Gilmore 1934
+
Invalid names: Rafetus gilmorei Chkhikvadze 1999 [synonym]
†Trionyx henrici Owen and Bell 1849
+
Invalid names: Trionyx barbarae Owen and Bell 1849 [synonym], Trionyx circumsulcatus Owen and Bell 1849 [synonym], Trionyx incrassatus Owen and Bell 1849 [synonym], Trionyx marginatus Owen and Bell 1849 [synonym], Trionyx planus Owen and Bell 1849 [synonym], Trionyx rivosus Owen and Bell 1849 [synonym]
†Trionyx ikoviensis Danilov et al. 2011
†Trionyx jixiensis Li et al. 2015
†Trionyx johnsoni Gilmore 1931
+
Invalid names: Amyda neimenguensis Yeh 1965 [synonym]
†Trionyx kansaiensis Vitek and Danilov 2010
†Trionyx latus Gilmore 1919
†Trionyx linchuensis Yeh 1962
†Trionyx miensis Okazaki and Yoshida 1977
†Trionyx minusculus Chkhikvadze 1973
†Trionyx miocaenus Matthew 1924
†Trionyx mira Hay 1908
+
Invalid names: Platypeltis extensa Hay 1908 [synonym], Platypeltis postera Hay 1908 [synonym]
†Trionyx ninae Chkhikvadze 1971
+
Invalid names: Trionyx turgaicus Kuznetsov and Chkhikvadze 1977 [synonym], Trionyx zaisanensis Chkhikvadze 1973 [synonym]
†Trionyx onomatoplokos Kuznetsov and Chkhikvadze 1987
Trionyx phayrei Theobald 1868
†Trionyx pliocenicus Fucini 1912
†Trionyx reesidei Gilmore 1919
+
Invalid names: Aspideretes quadratus Gilmore 1919 [synonym]
†Trionyx riabinini Kuznetsov and Chkhikvadze 1987
†Trionyx robustus Gilmore 1919
+
Invalid names: Aspideretes ovatus Gilmore 1935 [synonym]
†Trionyx shiluutulensis Danilov et al. 2014
†Trionyx silvestris Walker and Moody 1974
+
Invalid names: Trionyx michauxi Broin 1977 [synonym]
†Trionyx singularis Hay 1907
+
Invalid names: Aspideretes puercensis Hay 1908 [synonym], Aspideretes sagatus Hay 1908 [synonym]
Trionyx triunguis Forksal 1775 [African softshell turtle]
†Trionyx uintaensis Cope 1873
+
Invalid names: Amyda franciscae Hay 1908 [synonym], Amyda nelsoni Case 1927 [synonym], Aspidonectes tritor Hay 1904 [synonym]
†Trionyx vindobonensis Peters 1855
+
Invalid names: Trionyx brunhuberi Ammon 1911 [synonym], Trionyx gergensi Reinach 1900 [synonym], Trionyx hoernesi Heritsch 1909 [synonym], Trionyx peneckei Heritsch 1909 [synonym], Trionyx petersi Hoernes 1881 [synonym], Trionyx rostratus Arthaber 1898 [synonym], Trionyx septemcostatus Hoernes 1881 [synonym], Trionyx teiritzbergensis Gemel 2002 [synonym], Trionyx teyleri Winkler 1869 [synonym]
Invalid names: Francedebroinella Chkhikvadze 1999 [synonym], Sinamyda Chkhikvadze 2000 [synonym], Trionyx nopcsai Szalai 1934 [nomen dubium]
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
V. M. Chkhikvadze 2000 (Sinamyda)The only representative of the family Trionychidae with elongated disk of carapace (width is 60% length). Bony callosities completely cover distal ends of ribs. All dorsal surface of the carapace is ornamented (sculptured). Nuchal has a shape of circle segment. Preneural present. The length of the free margin of the first costal exceeds the length of the free margin of the second costal. This character is extremely rarely occurred in trionychids. 7 pairs of costals are well preserved. However, it could be supposed, that these turtles have also VIII pair of reduced costals. The most wedge-shaped are III and VI. The preserved anterior five neurals are hexagonal with short sides posteriorly. They are big and relatively elongated in comparison to other trionychids. The length of the second neural, for instance, is only 6-7 times shorter than the carapace length. The V neural, most probably, is tetragonal. More caudal neurals are not preserved in this specimen, however, the presence of 8 or at least 7 neurals could be supposed.