PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Chalicotherioidea

Mammalia - Perissodactyla

Taxonomy

Chalicotherioidea was named by Gill (1872). It is not extant.

It was assigned to Ancylopoda by Prothero and Schoch (1989); to Ancylopoda by Hay (1902) and Coombs (1998); to Ancylopoda by Hooker and Dashzeveg (2004); and to Perissodactyla by Osborn (1913), Colbert (1935), Hough (1955), Holbrook (1999) and Geraads et al. (2007).

Subtaxa

Chalicotheriidae, Eomoropidae, Grangeria, Lophiodontidae

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1872	Chalicotherioidea Gill
1902	Chalicotherioidea Hay p. 690
1913	Chalicotherioidea Osborn p. 264
1935	Chalicotherioidea Colbert p. 10
1955	Chalicotherioidea Hough p. 34
1989	Chalicotherioidea Prothero and Schoch p. 533
1998	Chalicotherioidea Coombs
1999	Chalicotherioidea Holbrook p. 346
2004	Chalicotherioidea Hooker and Dashzeveg p. 1375
2007	Chalicotherioidea Geraads et al. p. 461

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
subclass	Synapsida
—	Therapsida	()
infraorder	Cynodontia	()

Rank	Name	Author
—	Mammaliamorpha
—	Mammaliaformes
class	Mammalia
—	Cladotheria
—	Zatheria
subclass	Tribosphenida	()
subclass	Theria
—	Eutheria	()
—	Placentalia
—	Boreoeutheria
—	Laurasiatheria
—	Scrotifera
—	Euungulata
—	Panperissodactyla
superorder	Perissodactylamorpha
order	Perissodactyla	()
—	Tapiromorpha	(Haeckel 1873)
—	Ancylopoda	()
superfamily	Chalicotherioidea	Gill 1872
superfamily	Chalicotherioidea	Gill 1872

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Superfm. †Chalicotherioidea Gill 1872

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Fm. †Chalicotheriidae Gill 1872 [chalicothere]

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Subfm. †Chalicotheriinae

G. †Anisodon Lartet 1851

†Anisodon grande de Blainville 1849

†Anisodon macedonicus de Bonis et al. 1995

Tr. †Chalicotherini Kaup 1833

G. †Oreinotherium Russell 1934

G. †Chalicotherium Kaup 1833

†Chalicotherium brevirostris Colbert 1934

†Chalicotherium goldfussi Kaup 1833

Invalid names: Chalicotherium antiquum Kaup 1833 [synonym]

†Chalicotherium grande de Blainville 1849

†Chalicotherium grande rhodanicum Depéret 1892

†Chalicotherium pilgrimi Forster cooper 1920

†Chalicotherium rusingense Butler 1965

†Chalicotherium salinum Forster Cooper 1922

†Chalicotherium sinense Owen 1870

†Chalicotherium styriacum Bach 1913

†Chalicotherium wetzleri Kowalewsky 1873

G. †Nestoritherium Kaup 1859

†Nestoritherium sindiense Lyddeker 1876

†Nestoritherium sinense Owen 1870

G. †Eomoropus Osborn 1913

†Eomoropus amarorum Cope 1881

Invalid names: Eomoropus annectens Peterson 1919 [synonym]

†Eomoropus anarsius Gazin 1956

†Eomoropus major Zdansky 1930

†Eomoropus meridiorientalis Ducrocq et al. 2021

†Eomoropus minimus Zdansky 1930

†Eomoropus pawnyunti Remy et al. 2005

†Eomoropus quadridentatus Zdansky 1930

Invalid names: Eomoropus zhanggouensis Cheng and Ma 1990 [synonym]

†Eomoropus ulterior Chow 1962

G. †Limognitherium Filhol 1880

Subfm. †Macrotheriinae Holland and Peterson 1913

G. †Circotherium Holland and Peterson 1913

†Circotherium sivalense Falconer and Cautley 1847

G. †Moropus Marsh 1877

†Moropus betpakdalensis Flerov 1938

†Moropus distans Marsh 1877

†Moropus elatus Marsh 1877

Invalid names: Moropus cooki Barbour 1908 [synonym], Moropus parvus Barbour 1909 [synonym], Moropus petersoni Holland 1908 [synonym]

†Moropus hollandi Peterson 1913

†Moropus matthewi Holland and Peterson 1913

†Moropus maximus Holland and Peterson 1914

†Moropus merriami Holland and Peterson 1913

†Moropus oregonensis Leidy 1873

†Moropus senex Marsh 1877

G. †Pernatherium Gervais 1876

†Pernatherium rugosum Gervais 1876

Subfm. †Schizotheriinae Holland and Peterson 1913

G. †Ancylotheriopus Guérin 1987

†Ancylotheriopus tanzaniae Guérin 1987

G. †Ancylotherium Gaudry 1863

†Ancylotherium hellenicum Koufos 2012

†Ancylotherium pentelicum Gaudry and Lartet 1856

Invalid names: Chemositia Pickford 1979 [synonym], Gansuodon Wu and Chen 1976 [synonym], Hoangkotherium Unknown [synonym]

G. †Borissiakia Butler 1965

G. †Macrotherium Lartet 1837

†Macrotherium giganteum Pictet 1844

†Macrotherium magnum Lartet 1837

†Macrotherium minus Lartet 1837

†Macrotherium rhodanicum Deperet 1892

†Macrotherium sansaniense Lartet 1837

†Macrotherium secundarium Filhol 1890

†Macrotherium turgaicum Borissiak 1921

G. †Metaschizotherium von Koenigswald 1932

†Metaschizotherium henningi Dietrich 1942

G. †Phyllotillon Pilgrim 1910

†Phyllotillon huangheensis Qiu et al. 1998

†Phyllotillon naricus Filhol 1879

G. †Tylocephalonyx Coombs 1979

†Tylocephalonyx skinneri Coombs 1979

G. †Schizotherium Gervais 1876

†Schizotherium avitum Matthew and Granger 1923

†Schizotherium bilobatum Cope 1889

†Schizotherium chucuae Gabunia 1951

†Schizotherium modicum Gaudry 1875

†Schizotherium nabanensis Zhang 1976

†Schizotherium ordosium Hu 1959

†Schizotherium priscum Gervais 1876

Invalid names: Moropodinae Marsh 1877 [empty]

Fm. †Eomoropidae Matthew 1929

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G. †Litolophus Radinsky 1964

†Litolophus ghazijensis Missiaen and Gingerich 2012

†Litolophus gobiensis Colbert 1934

G. †Pappomoropus Tong and Wang 2006

†Pappomoropus taishanensis Tong and Wang 2006

G. †Grangeria Zdansky 1930

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†Grangeria canina Zdansky 1930

Fm. †Lophiodontidae Gill 1872

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G. †Atalonodon Dal-Piaz 1929

G. †Lophiaspis Depéret 1910

†Lophiaspis baicherei Deperet 1910

†Lophiaspis maurettei Depéret 1910

†Lophiaspis occitanicus Deperet 1910

G. †Lophiodochoerus Lemoine 1880

Subfm. †Lophiodontinae Cope 1881

G. †Eolophiodon Robinet et al. 2015

†Eolophiodon laboriense Robinet et al. 2015

G. †Lophiodon Cuvier 1822

Subg. †Lophiodon (Coryphodon) Owen 1845

†Lophiodon ballardi Marsh 1871

†Lophiodon buchsowillanum Desmarest 1822

†Lophiodon cuvieri Filhol 1888

†Lophiodon eygalayense Labarrère and Montenat 2011

†Lophiodon filholi

†Lophiodon isselense Fischer 1829

†Lophiodon lautricense Noulet 1851

†Lophiodon leptorhynchum Filhol 1888

†Lophiodon occitanicum Cuvier 1821

†Lophiodon parisiense Gervais 1854

†Lophiodon parvulum Laurillard 1849

†Lophiodon remensis Lemoine 1878

†Lophiodon rhinocerodes Rütimeyer 1862

†Lophiodon sardus Bosco 1902

†Lophiodon tapirotherium Desmarest 1822

†Lophiodon thomasi Deperet 1906

G. †Paleomoropus Radinsky 1964

†Paleomoropus jepseni Radinsky 1964

G. †Paralophiodon Dedieu 1977

†Paralophiodon baroensis Checa Soler 1998

†Paralophiodon buchsowillanum Dedieu 1977

Invalid names: Rhinocerolophiodon Fischer 1977 [synonym]

Diagnosis

Reference	Diagnosis
H. F. Osborn 1913	Buno-selenodont perissodactyls, ambulatory, partly fosorial, with distaly cleft ungual phalanges (D.IV-II), premolar series reduced, navicular broadly articulating with calcaneum and excluding cuboid from astragalus, phalangeal and sesamoidal facets at distal extremities of the metacarpals and metatarsals partly separated; cranium and dentition intermediate in type between that of Titanotheroidea and Hippoidea.

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

phosphaticsubp

Maximum body mass:

1000 kgg

Minimum body mass:

300 kgf

Environment:

terrestrialsubc

Locomotion:

actively mobilec

Life habit:

ground dwellingsuperf

Diet:

browsersuperf

Reproduction:

viviparoussubc

Created:

2005-08-31 14:59:14

Modified:

2005-08-31 16:59:14

Source: g = genus, f = family, superf = superfamily, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum

References: Legendre 1988, Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988, Coombs 1998, Benton 1996, Ji et al. 2002, Lillegraven 1979

Age range: base of the Wasatchian to the top of the Gelasian or 55.80000 to 1.80600 Ma

Collections (318 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Oldest occurrences
Ypresian	56.0 - 47.8	Pakistan (Balochistan)	Litolophus ghazijensis (112719 179963)
Ypresian	56.0 - 47.8	France (Aude)	Lophiaspis occitanicus (78236) Lophiaspis sp. (182641)
Ypresian	56.0 - 47.8	France (Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur)	Lophiaspis maurettei (178050)
Ypresian	56.0 - 47.8	United Kingdom (England)	Coryphodon eocaenicus (38868)
Ypresian	56.0 - 47.8	Spain (Lleida)	Lophiodon sp. (142031)
Ypresian	56.0 - 47.8	France (Hérault)	Lophiaspis sp. (181563)
Ypresian - Lutetian	56.0 - 41.3	France (Languedoc-Roussillon Region)	Lophiodon leptorhynchum (31717)
Ypresian - Lutetian	56.0 - 41.3	France (Occitanie)	Lophiodon eygalayense (195457)
Ypresian - Bartonian	56.0 - 38.0	France (Aude)	Paralophiodon isselense, Lophiodon sp., Lophiaspis occitanicus, Lophiodon isselense (78233)
Sharamurunian	56.0 - 37.71	China (Henan)	Grangeria major, Eomoropus quadridentatus, Eomoropus major, Eomoropus minimus (41120)
Youngest occurrences
Time interval	Ma	Country or state	PBDB collection number
Piacenzian	3.6 - 2.588	Tanzania	Ancylotherium hennigi (21790 21796 21802)
Late/Upper Pliocene - Early/Lower Pleistocene	3.6 - 0.781	Myanmar (Magway Division)	Nestoritherium sp. (75078)
Late/Upper Pliocene - Early/Lower Pleistocene	3.6 - 0.781	China (Hebei)	Chalicotheriidae indet., Circotherium sp. (231023)
Late/Upper Pliocene - Middle Pleistocene	3.6 - 0.129	India (Punjab)	Chalicotherium sivalense (203109)
Gelasian	2.588 - 1.806	Ethiopia	Ancylotherium hennigi (21559 21632 21680 21683 22014)
Early/Lower Pleistocene	2.588 - 0.781	China (Anhui)	Nestoritherium sp. (68380)
Early/Lower Pleistocene	2.588 - 0.781	China (Guanxi)	Nestoritherium praesinensis (230994)
Gelasian - Calabrian	2.588 - 0.774	Ethiopia (Ethiopian Rift)	Ancylotherium hennigi (22491 22492 22494)
Early/Lower Pleistocene - Middle Pleistocene	2.588 - 0.129	China (Sichuan)	Chalicotherium sinense (226365)
Pleistocene	2.588 - 0.0117	China (Yunnan)	Nestoritherium sp. (36587)