Full reference: O. Butchili. 1910. Vorlesungen über vergleichende Anatomie 1-931
Parent taxon: Metazoa according to K.J. Peterson et al. 2005
See also Nielsen 2012 and Tsai and Fordyce 2015
Sister taxa: Bilateria, Diploblastica, Homoblastica, Hyolithelminthida, Namalia, Vertebrosa, Westgardia, Persimedusites, Triradialomorpha, Pentaradialomorpha, Pseudovendia, Kinzeriidae, Ovatoscutum, Kullingia, Convolutubus, Lazaichnus, Armillifera, Kuckaraukia, Arboreomorpha, Porifera, Subtilicyathus, Petalonamae, Muricassis, Khasaktidae, Inaria, Mesozoa, Odontogriphidae, Nectocarididae, Mawsonites, Bronicella, Eodiorygma, Tentaculitoidea, Gephyrea, Rangeomorpha, Rhizostomites, Yunnanomedusa, Spygoria, Chondroplon, Paracharnia, Limacites, Proarticulata, Protolyellia, Goettingenia, Megathrix, Somatohelix, Euradiculata, Atalotaenia, Epitheliozoa, Trichoplax, Problematica, Oligoopilionus, Siphonoconcha, Hiemalora, Cnidaria, Lidaconus, Lomosovis, Tetraradialomorpha, Hadrynichorde, Sentularia, Dictyorhabdus, Deuteronectanebos, Silicispongea, Kimberellomorpha, Yangtziramulus, Parazoa, Parviscopa, Xidazoon, Yelovichnus, Palaeacmaea, Nemiana, Ventogyrus, Hadryniscala, Bilaterialomorpha, Funisia, Primocandelabrum, Erniettomorpha, Silicea, Beltanelliformis, Bomakellia
Subtaxa: Bilateralomorpha Neuralia Placozoa Tribrachiomorpha Triploblastica