Parent taxon: Metazoa according to J. Zrzavy et al. 1998
Sister taxa: Bilateria, Diploblastica, Homoblastica, Hyolithelminthida, Vertebrosa, Westgardia, Ventogyrus, Protolyellia, Tetraradialomorpha, Gaojiashania, Hadryniscala, Kuckaraukia, Subtilicyathus, Xidazoon, Deuteronectanebos, Bilaterialomorpha, Pentaradialomorpha, Scenellopsis, Eodiorygma, Silicea, Problematica, Tentaculitoidea, Arboreomorpha, Dorfopterus, Erniettomorpha, Limacites, Lidaconus, Macrocypris kayi, Gephyrea, Kimberellomorpha, Yangtziramulus, Broccoliforma, Porifera, Palaeacmaea, Euradiculata, Trichoplax, Bronicella, Hadrynichorde, Megathrix, Siphonoconcha, Eumetazoa, Chenmengella, Triradialomorpha, Muricassis, Yelovichnus, Oligoopilionus, Silicispongea, Cnidaria, Sentularia, Goettingenia, Kinzeriidae, Mesozoa, Odontogriphidae, Dictyorhabdus, Evmiaksia, Bomakellia, Somatohelix, Proarticulata, Spygoria, Convolutubus, Khasaktidae, Petalonamae, Yunnanomedusa, Helanoichnus, Chondroplon, Atalotaenia, Lomosovis, Lazaichnus, Parazoa, Persimedusites, Tomaculum
Subtaxa: Coelenterata