Parent taxon: Metazoa according to J. Zrzavy et al. 1998
Sister taxa: Bilateria, Diploblastica, Homoblastica, Hyolithelminthida, Vertebrosa, Westgardia, Petalonamae, Tetraradialomorpha, Xidazoon, Palaeacmaea, Helanoichnus, Chondroplon, Bomakellia, Somatohelix, Pentaradialomorpha, Eodiorygma, Sentularia, Siphonoconcha, Deuteronectanebos, Broccoliforma, Yangtziramulus, Kinzeriidae, Persimedusites, Scenellopsis, Proarticulata, Convolutubus, Megathrix, Khasaktidae, Lidaconus, Dorfopterus, Muricassis, Tomaculum, Lomosovis, Tentaculitoidea, Odontogriphidae, Parazoa, Gaojiashania, Kimberellomorpha, Euradiculata, Goettingenia, Yelovichnus, Hadrynichorde, Cnidaria, Yunnanomedusa, Macrocypris kayi, Atalotaenia, Silicea, Limacites, Protolyellia, Eumetazoa, Kuckaraukia, Silicispongea, Spygoria, Chenmengella, Bilaterialomorpha, Ventogyrus, Arboreomorpha, Triradialomorpha, Dictyorhabdus, Lazaichnus, Subtilicyathus, Bronicella, Evmiaksia, Hadryniscala, Oligoopilionus, Porifera, Problematica, Trichoplax, Mesozoa, Gephyrea, Erniettomorpha
Subtaxa: Coelenterata