Full reference: O. Butchili. 1910. Vorlesungen über vergleichende Anatomie 1-931
Parent taxon: Metazoa according to K.J. Peterson et al. 2005
See also Nielsen 2012 and Tsai and Fordyce 2015
Sister taxa: Bilateria, Diploblastica, Homoblastica, Hyolithelminthida, Vertebrosa, Westgardia, Triradialomorpha, Proarticulata, Protolyellia, Xidazoon, Palaeacmaea, Deuteronectanebos, Scenellopsis, Yangtziramulus, Lazaichnus, Gephyrea, Trichoplax, Persimedusites, Subtilicyathus, Parazoa, Mesozoa, Hadrynichorde, Dictyorhabdus, Tomaculum, Chondroplon, Siphonoconcha, Arboreomorpha, Eodiorygma, Evmiaksia, Megathrix, Kuckaraukia, Pentaradialomorpha, Hadryniscala, Yelovichnus, Bilaterialomorpha, Tetraradialomorpha, Convolutubus, Odontogriphidae, Epitheliozoa, Bronicella, Silicispongea, Cnidaria, Bomakellia, Yunnanomedusa, Spygoria, Lomosovis, Problematica, Chenmengella, Sentularia, Muricassis, Kinzeriidae, Ventogyrus, Khasaktidae, Kimberellomorpha, Euradiculata, Limacites, Petalonamae, Silicea, Lidaconus, Tentaculitoidea, Erniettomorpha, Goettingenia, Macrocypris kayi, Gaojiashania, Somatohelix, Oligoopilionus, Broccoliforma, Atalotaenia, Dorfopterus, Helanoichnus, Porifera
Subtaxa: Ausiidae Bilateralomorpha Eoandromeda Funisia Neuralia Placozoa Plexus Quaestio Rangeomorpha Shufangtubulus Tribrachiomorpha Triploblastica Wutubus