Full reference: D. H. Erwin, M. Laflamme, S. M. Tweedt, E. A. Sperling, D. Pisani and K. J. Peterson. 2011. The Cambrian Conundrum: Early Divergence and Later Ecological Success in the Early History of Animals. Science 334(6059):1091-1097
Parent taxon: Metazoa according to D. H. Erwin et al. 2011
See also Boddy et al. 2022 and Grazhdankin 2014
Sister taxa: Bilateria, Diploblastica, Homoblastica, Hyolithelminthida, Vertebrosa, Westgardia, Xidazoon, Yangtziramulus, Problematica, Trichoplax, Parazoa, Siphonoconcha, Oligoopilionus, Hadryniscala, Goettingenia, Subtilicyathus, Pentaradialomorpha, Dictyorhabdus, Eodiorygma, Atalotaenia, Megathrix, Evmiaksia, Bronicella, Chondroplon, Silicea, Broccoliforma, Silicispongea, Muricassis, Proarticulata, Palaeacmaea, Kinzeriidae, Limacites, Eumetazoa, Gephyrea, Odontogriphidae, Tentaculitoidea, Hadrynichorde, Scenellopsis, Khasaktidae, Kimberellomorpha, Kuckaraukia, Cnidaria, Erniettomorpha, Chenmengella, Arboreomorpha, Epitheliozoa, Ventogyrus, Deuteronectanebos, Porifera, Euradiculata, Gaojiashania, Petalonamae, Dorfopterus, Triradialomorpha, Lomosovis, Protolyellia, Mesozoa, Persimedusites, Sentularia, Bomakellia, Macrocypris kayi, Lazaichnus, Tetraradialomorpha, Yunnanomedusa, Helanoichnus, Yelovichnus, Convolutubus, Lidaconus, Spygoria, Somatohelix
Subtaxa: Kharakhtia Parvancorina Temnoxa
Distribution:
• Vendian of the Russian Federation (1 collection)
• Ediacaran of Australia (12), Brazil (1), the Russian Federation (7)
Total: 21 collections including 24 occurrences