Full reference: D. H. Erwin, M. Laflamme, S. M. Tweedt, E. A. Sperling, D. Pisani and K. J. Peterson. 2011. The Cambrian Conundrum: Early Divergence and Later Ecological Success in the Early History of Animals. Science 334(6059):1091-1097
Parent taxon: Metazoa according to D. H. Erwin et al. 2011
See also Boddy et al. 2022 and Grazhdankin 2014
Sister taxa: Bilateria, Diploblastica, Homoblastica, Hyolithelminthida, Namalia, Vertebrosa, Westgardia, Problematica, Rangeomorpha, Ventogyrus, Silicispongea, Kinzeriidae, Oligoopilionus, Evmiaksia, Scenellopsis, Triradialomorpha, Bronicella, Primocandelabrum, Ovatoscutum, Mesozoa, Paracharnia, Goettingenia, Atalotaenia, Lidaconus, Cnidaria, Dictyorhabdus, Epitheliozoa, Kullingia, Arboreomorpha, Pentaradialomorpha, Megathrix, Funisia, Proarticulata, Siphonoconcha, Silicea, Petalonamae, Limacites, Pseudovendia, Persimedusites, Nectocarididae, Yelovichnus, Eodiorygma, Euradiculata, Palaeacmaea, Parviscopa, Tetraradialomorpha, Deuteronectanebos, Macrocypris kayi, Kuckaraukia, Lomosovis, Nemiana, Lazaichnus, Khasaktidae, Protolyellia, Hiemalora, Bomakellia, Convolutubus, Beltanelliformis, Yangtziramulus, Agmata, Hadryniscala, Odontogriphidae, Sentularia, Muricassis, Chenmengella, Yunnanomedusa, Hadrynichorde, Eumetazoa, Gephyrea, Porifera, Spygoria, Parazoa, Armillifera, Inaria, Erniettomorpha, Trichoplax, Rhizostomites, Kimberellomorpha, Mawsonites, Subtilicyathus, Xidazoon, Somatohelix, Tentaculitoidea, Chondroplon
Subtaxa: Cyanorus Ivovicia Kharakhtia Lossinia Marywadea Onega Paravendia Spriggina Temnoxa Vendia
Distribution:
• Vendian of the Russian Federation (2 collections)
• Ediacaran of Australia (6), the Russian Federation (7)
Total: 15 collections including 31 occurrences