Full reference: D. H. Erwin, M. Laflamme, S. M. Tweedt, E. A. Sperling, D. Pisani and K. J. Peterson. 2011. The Cambrian Conundrum: Early Divergence and Later Ecological Success in the Early History of Animals. Science 334(6059):1091-1097
Parent taxon: Metazoa according to D. H. Erwin et al. 2011
See also Boddy et al. 2022 and Grazhdankin 2014
Sister taxa: Bilateria, Diploblastica, Homoblastica, Hyolithelminthida, Vertebrosa, Westgardia, Persimedusites, Lomosovis, Epitheliozoa, Eodiorygma, Atalotaenia, Lidaconus, Muricassis, Parazoa, Chondroplon, Problematica, Gephyrea, Goettingenia, Limacites, Chenmengella, Tetraradialomorpha, Subtilicyathus, Cnidaria, Deuteronectanebos, Gaojiashania, Palaeacmaea, Lazaichnus, Arboreomorpha, Kimberellomorpha, Kuckaraukia, Silicea, Evmiaksia, Megathrix, Yelovichnus, Yangtziramulus, Scenellopsis, Protolyellia, Oligoopilionus, Porifera, Eumetazoa, Proarticulata, Dictyorhabdus, Tentaculitoidea, Odontogriphidae, Silicispongea, Siphonoconcha, Mesozoa, Sentularia, Erniettomorpha, Bronicella, Hadrynichorde, Trichoplax, Petalonamae, Dorfopterus, Helanoichnus, Hadryniscala, Xidazoon, Broccoliforma, Convolutubus, Triradialomorpha, Macrocypris kayi, Pentaradialomorpha, Yunnanomedusa, Ventogyrus, Kinzeriidae, Spygoria, Euradiculata, Bomakellia, Khasaktidae, Somatohelix
Subtaxa: Kharakhtia Parvancorina Temnoxa
Distribution:
• Vendian of the Russian Federation (1 collection)
• Ediacaran of Australia (12), Brazil (1), the Russian Federation (7)
Total: 21 collections including 24 occurrences