Parent taxon: Gymnospermae according to F. H. Knowlton 1919
See also Jud 2011, Kenrick and Crane 1997, Lapasha and Miller 1985, Meyen 1984 and Taylor et al. 2008
Sister taxa: Condylites, Masculostrobus, Palaeocyparis, Pinopsida, Podocarpopsida, Satyrites incertus, Taxopsida, Voltziopsida, Polysolenoxylon, Maheshwariella, Sonajorispermum, Kryshtofovichiella, Sclerospiroxylon, Trigonomyelon, Araucariales, Bulbospermum, Pyriformispermum, Nandorioxylon, Sertostrobus, Taxineae, Coniferales, Taxaliospermum, Voltziostrobus, Cupressoconus, Prototaxopitys, Kaokoxylon, Prototaxoxylon, Polyloboxylon, Nummulospermum, Alatocarpus, Indoxylon, Parapalaeoxylon, Megaporoxylon, Paradoxospermum, Tanaidocarpidium, Triangulospermum, Entylissa, Aethophyllum, Belemnopteris, Sujfunophyllum, Kamthioxylon, Cardiocarpum, Cordaitopsida, Gondwanophyllites, Tanaidia, Palaeocarpus, Shivacarpus, Rotundaspermum, Arberiella, Archaeosperma, Collospermum, Cornucarpus, Palispermum, Surangephyllum, Savitrispermum, Carpodium, Uesuguipollenites, Otofeistia, Zalesskioxylon, Birsinghpuria, Pakuriospermum, Damudoxylon, Taxopitys, Scirroma, Pantiaspermum, Nidispermum, Platycardia, Stephanostoma, Retortistoma, Niponophyllum, Stereocarpus, Barakaroxylon, Coniferoovulites
Subtaxa: Amarjolia Anomozamites Bennetticarpus Bennettistemon Bennettitaceae Bennettitaepollenites Bennettiteaepollenites Bennettitolepis Bysmatospermum Coreanophyllum Cycadeospermum Cycadolepis Dictyozamites Guptioxylon Leguminanthus Lerouxia Moltenia Monanthesia Nilssoniopteris Ontheanthus Ontheostrobus Otozamites Palaeanthus Piroconites Pseudocycas Pterophyllum Ptilophyllum Purioxylon Rajmahalia Sahnioxylon Sturiella Tyrmia Tysonia Vardekloeftia Weltrichia Wielandiella Williamsonia Williamsoniaceae Williamsonianthus Williamsoniella Wonnacottia Zamites
Distribution:
• Oligocene of Australia (2 collections)
• Eocene of United States (9: California)
• Paleocene of Belgium (3), the Netherlands (6)
• Cretaceous of Antarctica (4), Argentina (4), Australia (5), Belgium (1), Brazil (20), Canada (25: Alberta, British Columbia), China (4), Denmark (1), Ecuador (2), Egypt (2), Germany (1), Greenland (5), India (27), Italy (1), Japan (3), Kazakhstan (1), Mexico (1), the Netherlands (1), Portugal (1), South Africa (14), Spain (1), United States (33: Alaska, British Columbia, California, Idaho, Kansas, Maryland, Montana, Oregon, South Dakota, Utah, Wyoming)
• Jurassic to Cretaceous of Antarctica (2), Australia (1), Canada (2: British Columbia), Chile (1), China (1), Egypt (1), India (5), Japan (1), Malaysia (1), Peru (2), the Russian Federation (5), Spain (1)
• Jurassic of Afghanistan (4), Antarctica (7), Argentina (20), Australia (2), Azerbaijan (1), Belarus (3), Bulgaria (1), Chile (2), China (118), Colombia (1), Egypt (1), France (31), Georgia (18), Germany (4), Greenland (12), India (71), Iran (3), Israel (1), Italy (2), Japan (9), Kazakhstan (11), Libya (1), Malaysia (1), Mexico (13), Mongolia (4), Mozambique (1), New Zealand (3), Norway (3), Poland (3), Portugal (3), Romania (44), the Russian Federation (82), Serbia (2), South Africa (1), Sri Lanka (1), Switzerland (1), Tajikistan (27), Turkmenistan (1), Türkiye (1), Ukraine (5), the United Kingdom (60), United States (5: Alaska, Colorado, Montana, Wyoming), Uzbekistan (6), Venezuela (2)
• Triassic to Jurassic of Canada (2: Northwest Territories), France (1), Georgia (2), Honduras (1), Mexico (1), Romania (1), Sweden (1), Ukraine (1), the United Kingdom (1), United States (1: Utah)
• Triassic of Afghanistan (1), Antarctica (1), Argentina (1), Armenia (1), Australia (3), Austria (4), Canada (2: Northwest Territories, Nunavut), Chile (5), China (74), France (3), Germany (10), Greenland (23), India (2), Iran (7), Italy (9), Japan (2), Kazakhstan (1), Kyrgyzstan (2), Malaysia (1), Mexico (53), Poland (1), the Russian Federation (12), South Africa (6), South Korea (7), Svalbard and Jan Mayen (4), Sweden (3), Switzerland (1), Tajikistan (7), Thailand (1), Ukraine (4), the United Kingdom (2), United States (16: New Mexico, North Carolina, Utah, Virginia, Virginia/North Carolina), Vietnam (1)
• Permian to Triassic of India (1)
• Permian of Australia (2), China (9), India (5), North Korea (1), the Russian Federation (1), South Korea (1)
• Carboniferous to Permian of Morocco (1)
Total: 1095 collections including 3191 occurrences