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Colubroidea
Taxonomy
Colubroidea was named by Oppel (1811). It is extant.
It was reranked as the infraorder Colubroidea by Kuhn (1966).
It was assigned to Asinea by Cope (1871), Cope (1875); to Serpentes by Kuhn (1966); to Macrostomata by Longrich et al. (2012); to Caenophidia by Carroll (1988), Wilcox et al. (2002), Rage et al. (2008), Fernicola and Albino (2012); to Alethinophidia by Smith (2013); and to Alethinophidia by Rage (1984), Ikeda et al. (2016).
It was reranked as the infraorder Colubroidea by Kuhn (1966).
It was assigned to Asinea by Cope (1871), Cope (1875); to Serpentes by Kuhn (1966); to Macrostomata by Longrich et al. (2012); to Caenophidia by Carroll (1988), Wilcox et al. (2002), Rage et al. (2008), Fernicola and Albino (2012); to Alethinophidia by Smith (2013); and to Alethinophidia by Rage (1984), Ikeda et al. (2016).
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1811 | Colubroidea Oppel |
| 1871 | Colubroidea Cope p. 238 |
| 1875 | Colubroidea Cope p. 22 |
| 1966 | Colubroidea Kuhn p. 65 |
| 1984 | Colubroidea Rage p. 41 |
| 1988 | Colubroidea Carroll |
| 2002 | Colubroidea Wilcox et al. |
| 2008 | Colubroidea Rage et al. p. 394 |
| 2012 | Colubroidea Fernicola and Albino |
| 2012 | Colubroidea Longrich et al. |
| 2013 | Colubroidea Smith p. 172 |
| 2016 | Colubroidea Ikeda et al. p. 145 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Superfm. Colubroidea Oppel 1811
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Fm. †Anomalophiidae Auffenberg 1959
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G. †Anomalophis Auffenberg 1959
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†Anomalophis bolcensis Auffenberg 1959
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Invalid names: Archaeophis bolcensis Massalongo 1859 [replaced]
Fm. Crotalidae Oppel 1811 [pit viper]
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G. Aploaspis Cope 1867
G. Caudisonia Laurenti 1768
G. Crotalus Linnaeus 1758 [rattlesnake]
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Crotalus adamanteus Palisot de Beauvois 1799 [eastern diamondback rattlesnake]
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†Crotalus adamanteus pleistofloridensis Brattstrom 1954
Crotalus adamanteus adamanteus Palisot de Beauvois 1799
Crotalus atrox Baird and Girard 1853
Crotalus giganteus Brattstrom 1954
Crotalus horridus Linnaeus 1758 [timber rattlesnake]
Crotalus lepidus Kennicott 1861 [rock rattlesnake]
Crotalus viridis Rafinesque 1818 [prairie rattlesnake]
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Invalid names: Crotalus potterensis Brattstrom 1953 [synonym]
G. Gloydius Hoge and Hoge 1981
G. †Protagras Cope 1872
G. Protobothrops Hoge and Romano-Hoge 1983
G. Trimeresurus Lacépède 1804 [pitviper]
Subfm. Viperinae Oppel 1811
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G. Bitis Gray 1842 [puff adder]
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Bitis arietans Merrem 1820
†Bitis olduvaiensis Rage 1973
Invalid names: Clotho Gray 1842 [synonym]
G. Vipera Laurenti 1768
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Subg. †Vipera (Macrovipera) Reuss 1927
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†Macrovipera gedulyi Bolkay 1913
†Vipera (Macrovipera) sarmatica Chkhikvadse and Lungu 1987
†Vipera (Macrovipera) ukrainica Zerova 1992
Subg. Vipera (Vipera) Laurenti 1768
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Vipera (Vipera) ammodytes Linnaeus 1758 [sand viper]
Vipera (Vipera) aspis Linnaeus 1758 [asp viper]
†Vipera (Vipera) meotica Zerova 1992
†Vipera antiqua Szyndlar 1987
†Vipera burgenlandica Bachmayer and Szyndlar 1987
Vipera latastei Boscà 1878
†Vipera maghrebiana Rage 1976
†Vipera maxima Szyndlar 1988
†Vipera natiensis Bailon et al. 2002
†Vipera platyspondyla Szyndlar 1987
Invalid names: Coluber kargii von Meyer 1845 [nomen dubium], Vipera sansaniensis Lartet 1851 [nomen nudum]
Fm. Elapidae Boié 1827
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G. Calliophis Gray 1834
G. Disteira Lacepede 1804
G. Disteiramecdup Lacepede 1804
G. Elaps Schneider
Subfm. Hydrophiinae Boié 1827 [sea snake]
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G. Aipysurus Lacepède 1804
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Aipysurus apraefrontalis Smith 1926
Aipysurus duboisii Bavay 1869
Aipysurus eydouxi Gray 1849
Aipysurus foliosquama Smith 1926
Aipysurus fuscus Tschudi 1837
Aipysurus laevis Lacepède 1804
Aipysurus tenuis Lønnberg and Andersson 1913
G. Hydrophis Latreille 1801
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Hydrophis atriceps Günther 1864
Hydrophis belcheri Gray 1849
Hydrophis brookii Günther 1872
Hydrophis caerulescens Shaw 1802
Hydrophis cyanocinctus Daudin 1803
Hydrophis elegans Gray 1842
Hydrophis fasciatus Schneider 1799
Hydrophis gracilis Shaw 1802
Hydrophis inornata Gray 1849
Hydrophis kingii Boulenger 1896
Hydrophis klossi Boulenger 1912
Hydrophis laboutei Rasmussen and Ineich 2000
Hydrophis lamberti Smith 1917
Hydrophis lapemoides Gray 1849
Hydrophis macdowelli Kharin 1983
Hydrophis major Shaw 1802
Hydrophis melanocephalus Gray 1849
Hydrophis melanosoma Günther 1864
Hydrophis ornatus Gray 1842
Hydrophis pacificus Boulenger 1869
Hydrophis parviceps Smith 1935
Hydrophis semperi Garman 1881
Hydrophis spiralis Shaw 1802
Hydrophis torquatus Günther 1864
Hydrophis vorisi Kharin 1984
G. Laticauda Laurenti 1768
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Laticauda colubrinus Schneider 1799
Laticauda crockeri Slevin 1934
Laticauda laticauda Linnaeus 1758
Laticauda schistorhynchus Günther 1874
Laticauda semifasciatus Reinwardt 1837
G. Naja Laurenti 1768 [cobra]
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†Naja antiqua Rage 1976
†Naja austriaca Bachmayer and Szyndlar 1985
†Naja iberica Szyndlar 1985
Naja naja Linneaus 1758 [Indian cobra]
†Naja romani Hoffstetter 1939
Invalid names: Palaeonaja Hoffstetter 1939 [synonym], Palaeonaja Hoffstetter 1939 [synonym]
G. Notechis Peters 1861
G. Polyodontognathus Wall 1921
G. Xenodermus Reinhardt 1836
Invalid names: Laticaudinae [empty], Najinae Cope 1864 [empty], Protropidonotus Schlosser 1916 [nomen dubium], Protropidonotus neglectus Schlosser 1916 [nomen dubium]
Fm. Viperidae Oppel 1811 [viper]
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G. Bothrops Wagler 1824 [pit viper]
Invalid names: Provipera Kinkelin 1892 [nomen dubium], Provipera boettgeri Kinkelin 1892 [nomen dubium]
Invalid names: Rhabdosomidae Cope 1871 [empty], Russellopheidae Rage 1978 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available