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Myliobatiformes (stingray)
Taxonomy
Myliobatiformes was named by Compagno (1973). It is extant.
It was assigned to Batoidea by Herman (1979); to Chondrichthyes by Purdy et al. (2001), Silva et al. (2002), Sepkoski (2002), Tabuce et al. (2005); to Neoselachii by Cicimurri and Knight (2009); to Batoidea by Long (2011); to Elasmobranchii by Bogan and Gallina (2011); to Elasmobranchii by Cione et al. (2013); to Batomorphii by Cappetta (1986), Cappetta (1987), Nelson et al. (2016), Kent (2018), Ebersole et al. (2019), Villafaña et al. (2020); and to Batomorphi by Ebersole et al. (2024), Cicimurri et al. (2025).
It was assigned to Batoidea by Herman (1979); to Chondrichthyes by Purdy et al. (2001), Silva et al. (2002), Sepkoski (2002), Tabuce et al. (2005); to Neoselachii by Cicimurri and Knight (2009); to Batoidea by Long (2011); to Elasmobranchii by Bogan and Gallina (2011); to Elasmobranchii by Cione et al. (2013); to Batomorphii by Cappetta (1986), Cappetta (1987), Nelson et al. (2016), Kent (2018), Ebersole et al. (2019), Villafaña et al. (2020); and to Batomorphi by Ebersole et al. (2024), Cicimurri et al. (2025).
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1973 | Myliobatiformes Compagno |
| 1979 | Myliobatiformes Herman p. 64 |
| 1986 | Myliobatiformes Cappetta p. 187 |
| 1987 | Myliobatiformes Cappetta p. 162 |
| 2001 | Myliobatiformes Purdy et al. p. 90 |
| 2002 | Myliobatiformes Sepkoski |
| 2002 | Myliobatiformes Silva et al. p. 4 |
| 2005 | Myliobatiformes Tabuce et al. p. 387 |
| 2009 | Myliobatiformes Cicimurri and Knight p. 637 |
| 2011 | Myliobatiformes Bogan and Gallina |
| 2011 | Myliobatiformes Long p. 242 |
| 2013 | Myliobatiformes Cione et al. |
| 2016 | Myliobatiformes Nelson et al. p. 87 |
| 2018 | Myliobatiformes Kent p. 126 |
| 2019 | Myliobatiformes Ebersole et al. p. 112 |
| 2020 | Myliobatiformes Villafaña et al. p. 742 |
| 2024 | Myliobatiformes Ebersole et al. p. 11 |
| 2025 | Myliobatiformes Cicimurri et al. p. 54 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Or. Myliobatiformes Compagno 1973 [stingray]
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G. †Acanthobatis Larrazet 1866
G. †Bates Probst 1877
Fm. Dasyatidae Jordan 1888 [whiptail stingray]
+
G. †Amphotistius Garman 1913
G. †Anacanthus
G. Dasyatis Rafinesque 1810
+
†Dasyatis africana Dartevelle and Casier 1959
†Dasyatis americana Hildebrand and Schroeder 1928
†Dasyatis borodini Case 1981
†Dasyatis branisai Cappetta 1975
†Dasyatis carolinensis Emmons 1858
†Dasyatis cavernosa Probst 1877
Dasyatis centroura Mitchill 1814
†Dasyatis charlisae Case 1981
†Dasyatis concavifoveus Cvancara and Hoganson 1993
†Dasyatis datasi Noubhani and Cappetta 1997
†Dasyatis davisi Cassier 1966
†Dasyatis duponti Winkler 1874
†Dasyatis gigas Gunther 1870
†Dasyatis hastata De Kay 1842
†Dasyatis hexagonalis Arambourg 1952
†Dasyatis jaekeli Leriche 1906
†Dasyatis margaritella Compagno and Roberts 1984
†Dasyatis martini Noubhani and Cappetta 1997
†Dasyatis molassicus Probst 1877
†Dasyatis molinoensis Cappetta 1975
†Dasyatis northdakotaensis Hoganson et al. 2019
†Dasyatis pastinaca Linnaeus 1758
†Dasyatis ponsi Noubhani and Cappetta 1997
†Dasyatis probsti Cappetta 1970
†Dasyatis rafinesquei Kumar and Loyal 1987
†Dasyatis rugosa Probst 1877
†Dasyatis russelli Cappetta 1972
Dasyatis say Lesueur 1817
†Dasyatis schaefferi Cappetta 1975
†Dasyatis serralheiroi Cappetta 1970
†Dasyatis sessaoensis Cappetta 1972
†Dasyatis speetonensis Underwood et al. 1999
†Dasyatis strangulata Probst 1877
†Dasyatis sudrei Cappetta 1972
†Dasyatis tetraedra Arambourg 1952
†Dasyatis tricuspidatus Casier 1946
†Dasyatis ujo Rafinesque 1810
†Dasyatis vicaryi Loyal 1984
†Dasyatis wochadunensis Ward 1979
Invalid names: Alexandrinum Molin 1860 [synonym], Heliobatis [synonym], Trygon Cuvier 1817 [synonym]
G. †Disceus Garman 1877
G. †Discobatis Miklukho-Maclay and Macleay 1886
G. †Discotrygon Fowler 1910
G. †Ellipesurus Schomburgk 1842
G. †Glikmania Case et al. 1996
G. †Hemiptychodus Jaekel 1894
G. †Hemitrygon Müller and Henle 1837
G. †Hypolophites Stromer 1910
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†Hypolophites mayumbensis Leriche 1913
†Hypolophites myliobatoides Stromer 1910
†Hypolophites thaleri Cappetta 1972
G. †Hypolophus Muller and Henle 1837
G. †Neotrygon Castelnau 1873
Subfm. †Neotrygoninae Last 2016
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G. †Paratrygon Dumeríl 1865
G. †Pastinachus Rüppell 1828
G. †Pteroplatytrygon Fowler 1910
G. †Rhachinotus Cantor 1849
G. †Taeniurops Garman 1913
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†Taeniurops cavernosus Probst 1877
†Taeniurops tosii Adnet and Charpentier 2022
G. †Tethytrygon Marramà et al. 2018
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G. †Trygonobatus
G. †Urogymnus
G. †Uroxis Rafinesque 1810
G. †Viperecucullus Case 1996
Invalid names: Agabelus Cope 1875 [nomen dubium], Dasyatinae Jordan and Gilbert 1879 [empty], Dasyatis dezignoi Molin 1861 [invalid subgroup]
Superfm. Dasyatoidea Whitley 1940
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G. †Arechia Cappetta 1983
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†Arechia arambourgi Cappetta 1983
†Arechia crassicaudata de Blainville 1818
G. †Coupatezia Cappetta 1982
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†Coupatezia ambroggii Noubhani and Cappetta 1997
†Coupatezia attiai Cook 2010
†Coupatezia boujoi Noubhani and Cappetta 1997
†Coupatezia chariri Noubhani and Cappetta 1997
†Coupatezia cristata Adnet et al. 2020
†Coupatezia danica Noubhani and Cappetta 1997
†Coupatezia elevata Noubhani and Cappetta 1997
†Coupatezia fallax Arambourg 1952
†Coupatezia laevis Noubhani and Cappetta 1997
†Coupatezia larivei Noubhani and Cappetta 1997
†Coupatezia melittiana Noubhani and Cappetta 1997
†Coupatezia reniformis Noubhani and Cappetta 1997
†Coupatezia trempina Kriwet et al. 2007
†Coupatezia turneri Case and Cappetta 1997
Coupatezia woutersi Cappetta 1982
G. †Heterotorpedo Ward 1983
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†Heterotorpedo brahimi Noubhani and Cappetta 1997
†Heterotorpedo fowleri Ward 1983
†Heterotorpedo lyazidii Noubhani and Cappetta 1997
G. †Myliodasyatis Noubhani and Cappetta 1997
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†Myliodasyatis meskalaensis Noubhani and Cappetta 1997
G. †Eomanta
Fm. Gymnuridae Fowler 1934
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G. Gymnura Van Hasselt 1823
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Gymnura altavela Linnaeus 1758
†Gymnura delpiti Cappetta 1984
†Gymnura grootaerti Herman 1984
†Gymnura hovestadti Herman 1984
†Gymnura laterialata Werner 1989
†Gymnura micura Bloch and Schneider 1801
Invalid names: Aetoplatea Vallencienes 1841 [synonym], Pteroplatea Muller and Henle 1837 [synonym]
G. †Jacquhermania Cappetta 1982
G. †Pachygymnura Adnet et al. 2020
Subfm. †Urogymninae Last 2016
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G. †Hypolophodon Cappetta 1980
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†Hypolophodon patagoniensis Cione et al. 2013
†Hypolophodon sylvestris White 1931
Fm. Myliobatidae Bonaparte 1838 [eagle ray]
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G. Aetobatus Blainville 1816
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†Aetobatis marginalis Dixon 1850
†Aetobatis profundus Cope 1867
†Aetobatis subarcuatus Agassiz 1843
†Aetobatis sulcatus Agassiz 1835
†Aetobatus aragonis Jordan and Hanibal 1923
†Aetobatus arcuatus Agassiz 1843
†Aetobatus irregularis Agassiz 1843
+
Invalid names: Aetobatis arcuatus Agassiz 1843 [synonym], Aetobatis perspicuus Leidy 1855 [synonym]
†Aetobatus narinari Euphrasen 1790
†Aetobatus omaliusi Delfortrie 1872
†Aetobatus omaliusi curtidens Delfortrie 1872
†Aetobatus poeyi Fernandez de Castro 1871
Invalid names: Aetobates Richardson 1846 [synonym], Goniobatis Agassiz 1858 [synonym], Stoasodon Cantor 1850 [synonym]
G. Aetomylaeus Garman 1908
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†Aetomylaeus cojimarensis Iturralde-Vinent et al. 1998
†Aetomylaeus cubensis Iturralde-Vinent et al. 1998
†Aetomylaeus dixoni Agassiz 1843
+
Invalid names: Myliobates obesus Leidy 1855 [synonym], Myliobates rugosus Leidy 1855 [synonym], Myliobatis copeanus Clark 1895 [synonym], Myliobatis glottoides Cope 1870 [synonym], Myliobatis rectidens Cope 1870 [synonym]
†Aetomylaeus maculatus Gray 1832
†Aetomylaeus striatus Agassiz 1843
+
Invalid names: Myliobates serratus Leidy 1855 [synonym], Myliobates transversalis Gibbes 1850 [synonym], Myliobatis leidyi Hay 1899 [synonym]
G. †Igdabatis Cappetta 1972
+
†Igdabatis indicus Prasad and Cappetta 1993
†Igdabatis sigmodon Cappetta 1972
Subfm. Mobulinae Gill 1893
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G. †Archaeomanta Herman 1979
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†Archaeomanta melenhorsti Herman 1979
†Archaeomanta priemi Herman 1979
G. †Brachioptilon Newman 1849
G. Mobula Rafinesque 1810 [devil ray]
+
Mobula auriculata Rafinesque 1810 [giant devil ray]
†Mobula loupianensis Cappetta 1970
†Mobula pectinata Capetta 1970
Invalid names: Apterurus Rafinesque 1810 [synonym], Cephalopterus Riso 1810 [synonym], Ceratobatis Boulenger 1897 [synonym], Ceratoptera [synonym], Dicerobatus Blainville 1816 [synonym], Manta Bancroft 1829 [synonym], Pterocephalus Swainson 1838 [synonym]
Subfm. Myliobatinae
+
G. †Pseudaetobatus Cappetta 1986
+
†Pseudaetobatus belli Cicimurri and Ebersole 2015
†Pseudaetobatus casieri Cappetta 1986
†Pseudaetobatus undulatus Cicimurri and Ebersole 2015
G. Myliobatis Cuvier 1816
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†Myliobates acutus Agassiz 1843
†Myliobates americanus Bravard 1858
†Myliobates canaliculatus Agassiz 1843
†Myliobates dixoni Agassiz 1843
†Myliobates goniopleurus Agassiz 1843
†Myliobates gyratus Agassiz 1835
†Myliobates heteropleurus Agassiz 1843
†Myliobates jugalis Agassiz 1843
†Myliobates lateralis Agassiz 1843
†Myliobates marginalis Agassiz 1843
†Myliobates micropleurus Agassiz 1835
†Myliobates owenii Agassiz 1843
†Myliobates punctatus Agassiz 1843
†Myliobates regley Agassiz 1835
†Myliobates sternbergii Agassiz 1843
†Myliobates stokesii Agassiz 1843
†Myliobates suturalis Agassiz 1835
†Myliobatis affinis Chapman and Cudmore 1924
†Myliobatis altus Davis 1888
†Myliobatis aquila Linnaeus 1758
†Myliobatis arcuatus Davis 1888
†Myliobatis bisulcus Marsh 1869
†Myliobatis bothriodon White 1926
†Myliobatis crassus Gervais 1852
†Myliobatis dimorphus Delfortrie 1872
†Myliobatis fastigiatus Leidy 1876
†Myliobatis faujasi Agassiz 1843
†Myliobatis foxhillsensis Hoganson et al. 2019
†Myliobatis frangens Eastman 1904
†Myliobatis funiculatus Delfortrie 1872
†Myliobatis gigas Cope 1868
†Myliobatis girondicus Pedroni 1844
†Myliobatis holmesii Gibbes 1849
†Myliobatis intermedius Dartevelle and Casier 1943
†Myliobatis kummeli Fowler 1911
Myliobatis latidens Woodward 1888
†Myliobatis leognanensis Delfortrie 1872
†Myliobatis magister Leidy 1876
†Myliobatis merriami Jordan and Beal 1910
†Myliobatis microrhizus Delfortrie 1872
†Myliobatis monnieri Cappetta 1986
†Myliobatis moorabbinensis Chapman and Pritchard 1907
†Myliobatis mordax Leidy 1877
†Myliobatis nzadinensis Dartevelle and Casier 1943
†Myliobatis oligocaena Leriche 1910
†Myliobatis pachyodon Cope 1868
†Myliobatis pachyrhizodus Fowler 1911
†Myliobatis plicatilis Davis 1888
†Myliobatis prenticei Chapman and Cudmore 1924
†Myliobatis raouxi Arambourg 1952
†Myliobatis sulcidens Dartevelle and Casier 1943
†Myliobatis toliapicus Agassiz 1843
†Myliobatis vicomicanus Cope 1868
†Myliobatis wurnoensis White 1934
Invalid names: Holorhinus Gill 1862 [synonym], Holorhinus Gill 1862 [synonym], Myliobates acutus Agassiz 1843 [valid], Myliobates americanus Bravard 1858 [valid], Myliobates brongniarti Agassiz 1843 [nomen nudum], Myliobates brongniarti Agassiz 1843 [nomen nudum], Myliobates canaliculatus Agassiz 1843 [valid], Myliobates dixoni Agassiz 1843 [valid], Myliobates goniopleurus Agassiz 1843 [valid], Myliobates gyratus Agassiz 1835 [valid], Myliobates heteropleurus Agassiz 1843 [valid], Myliobates jugalis Agassiz 1843 [valid], Myliobates lateralis Agassiz 1843 [valid], Myliobates marginalis Agassiz 1843 [valid], Myliobates micropleurus Agassiz 1835 [valid], Myliobates nitidus Agassiz 1843 [nomen nudum], Myliobates nitidus Agassiz 1843 [nomen nudum], Myliobates owenii Agassiz 1843 [valid], Myliobates punctatus Agassiz 1843 [valid], Myliobates regley Agassiz 1835 [valid], Myliobates sternbergii Agassiz 1843 [valid], Myliobates stokesii Agassiz 1843 [valid], Myliobates suturalis Agassiz 1835 [valid], Myliobatis affinis Chapman and Cudmore 1924 [valid], Myliobatis altus Davis 1888 [valid], Myliobatis aquila Linnaeus 1758 [valid], Myliobatis arcuatus Davis 1888 [valid], Myliobatis bisulcus Marsh 1869 [valid], Myliobatis bothriodon White 1926 [valid], Myliobatis crassus Gervais 1852 [valid], Myliobatis dimorphus Delfortrie 1872 [valid], Myliobatis fastigiatus Leidy 1876 [valid], Myliobatis faujasi Agassiz 1843 [valid], Myliobatis foxhillsensis Hoganson et al. 2019 [valid], Myliobatis frangens Eastman 1904 [valid], Myliobatis funiculatus Delfortrie 1872 [valid], Myliobatis gigas Cope 1868 [valid], Myliobatis girondicus Pedroni 1844 [valid], Myliobatis holmesii Gibbes 1849 [valid], Myliobatis intermedius Dartevelle and Casier 1943 [valid], Myliobatis kummeli Fowler 1911 [valid], Myliobatis latidens Woodward 1888 [valid], Myliobatis leognanensis Delfortrie 1872 [valid], Myliobatis magister Leidy 1876 [valid], Myliobatis merriami Jordan and Beal 1910 [valid], Myliobatis microrhizus Delfortrie 1872 [valid], Myliobatis monnieri Cappetta 1986 [valid], Myliobatis moorabbinensis Chapman and Pritchard 1907 [valid], Myliobatis mordax Leidy 1877 [valid], Myliobatis nzadinensis Dartevelle and Casier 1943 [valid], Myliobatis oligocaena Leriche 1910 [valid], Myliobatis pachyodon Cope 1868 [valid], Myliobatis pachyrhizodus Fowler 1911 [valid], Myliobatis plicatilis Davis 1888 [valid], Myliobatis prenticei Chapman and Cudmore 1924 [valid], Myliobatis raouxi Arambourg 1952 [valid], Myliobatis sulcidens Dartevelle and Casier 1943 [valid], Myliobatis tennicaudatus Hector 1877 [valid], Myliobatis toliapicus Agassiz 1843 [valid], Myliobatis vicomicanus Cope 1868 [valid], Myliobatis wurnoensis White 1934 [valid], Palaeomyliobatis Silva et al. 1960 [synonym], Palaeomyliobatis Silva et al. 1960 [synonym], Rhizochlatrus Silva et al. 1960 [synonym], Rhizochlatrus Silva et al. 1960 [synonym]
G. Myliobatis Cuvier 1816
+
†Myliobates acutus Agassiz 1843
†Myliobates americanus Bravard 1858
†Myliobates canaliculatus Agassiz 1843
†Myliobates dixoni Agassiz 1843
†Myliobates goniopleurus Agassiz 1843
†Myliobates gyratus Agassiz 1835
†Myliobates heteropleurus Agassiz 1843
†Myliobates jugalis Agassiz 1843
†Myliobates lateralis Agassiz 1843
†Myliobates marginalis Agassiz 1843
†Myliobates micropleurus Agassiz 1835
†Myliobates owenii Agassiz 1843
†Myliobates punctatus Agassiz 1843
†Myliobates regley Agassiz 1835
†Myliobates sternbergii Agassiz 1843
†Myliobates stokesii Agassiz 1843
†Myliobates suturalis Agassiz 1835
†Myliobatis affinis Chapman and Cudmore 1924
†Myliobatis altus Davis 1888
†Myliobatis aquila Linnaeus 1758
†Myliobatis arcuatus Davis 1888
†Myliobatis bisulcus Marsh 1869
†Myliobatis bothriodon White 1926
†Myliobatis crassus Gervais 1852
†Myliobatis dimorphus Delfortrie 1872
†Myliobatis fastigiatus Leidy 1876
†Myliobatis faujasi Agassiz 1843
†Myliobatis foxhillsensis Hoganson et al. 2019
†Myliobatis frangens Eastman 1904
†Myliobatis funiculatus Delfortrie 1872
†Myliobatis gigas Cope 1868
†Myliobatis girondicus Pedroni 1844
†Myliobatis holmesii Gibbes 1849
†Myliobatis intermedius Dartevelle and Casier 1943
†Myliobatis kummeli Fowler 1911
Myliobatis latidens Woodward 1888
†Myliobatis leognanensis Delfortrie 1872
†Myliobatis magister Leidy 1876
†Myliobatis merriami Jordan and Beal 1910
†Myliobatis microrhizus Delfortrie 1872
†Myliobatis monnieri Cappetta 1986
†Myliobatis moorabbinensis Chapman and Pritchard 1907
†Myliobatis mordax Leidy 1877
†Myliobatis nzadinensis Dartevelle and Casier 1943
†Myliobatis oligocaena Leriche 1910
†Myliobatis pachyodon Cope 1868
†Myliobatis pachyrhizodus Fowler 1911
†Myliobatis plicatilis Davis 1888
†Myliobatis prenticei Chapman and Cudmore 1924
†Myliobatis raouxi Arambourg 1952
†Myliobatis sulcidens Dartevelle and Casier 1943
†Myliobatis toliapicus Agassiz 1843
†Myliobatis vicomicanus Cope 1868
†Myliobatis wurnoensis White 1934
Invalid names: Holorhinus Gill 1862 [synonym], Holorhinus Gill 1862 [synonym], Myliobates acutus Agassiz 1843 [valid], Myliobates americanus Bravard 1858 [valid], Myliobates brongniarti Agassiz 1843 [nomen nudum], Myliobates brongniarti Agassiz 1843 [nomen nudum], Myliobates canaliculatus Agassiz 1843 [valid], Myliobates dixoni Agassiz 1843 [valid], Myliobates goniopleurus Agassiz 1843 [valid], Myliobates gyratus Agassiz 1835 [valid], Myliobates heteropleurus Agassiz 1843 [valid], Myliobates jugalis Agassiz 1843 [valid], Myliobates lateralis Agassiz 1843 [valid], Myliobates marginalis Agassiz 1843 [valid], Myliobates micropleurus Agassiz 1835 [valid], Myliobates nitidus Agassiz 1843 [nomen nudum], Myliobates nitidus Agassiz 1843 [nomen nudum], Myliobates owenii Agassiz 1843 [valid], Myliobates punctatus Agassiz 1843 [valid], Myliobates regley Agassiz 1835 [valid], Myliobates sternbergii Agassiz 1843 [valid], Myliobates stokesii Agassiz 1843 [valid], Myliobates suturalis Agassiz 1835 [valid], Myliobatis affinis Chapman and Cudmore 1924 [valid], Myliobatis altus Davis 1888 [valid], Myliobatis aquila Linnaeus 1758 [valid], Myliobatis arcuatus Davis 1888 [valid], Myliobatis bisulcus Marsh 1869 [valid], Myliobatis bothriodon White 1926 [valid], Myliobatis crassus Gervais 1852 [valid], Myliobatis dimorphus Delfortrie 1872 [valid], Myliobatis fastigiatus Leidy 1876 [valid], Myliobatis faujasi Agassiz 1843 [valid], Myliobatis foxhillsensis Hoganson et al. 2019 [valid], Myliobatis frangens Eastman 1904 [valid], Myliobatis funiculatus Delfortrie 1872 [valid], Myliobatis gigas Cope 1868 [valid], Myliobatis girondicus Pedroni 1844 [valid], Myliobatis holmesii Gibbes 1849 [valid], Myliobatis intermedius Dartevelle and Casier 1943 [valid], Myliobatis kummeli Fowler 1911 [valid], Myliobatis latidens Woodward 1888 [valid], Myliobatis leognanensis Delfortrie 1872 [valid], Myliobatis magister Leidy 1876 [valid], Myliobatis merriami Jordan and Beal 1910 [valid], Myliobatis microrhizus Delfortrie 1872 [valid], Myliobatis monnieri Cappetta 1986 [valid], Myliobatis moorabbinensis Chapman and Pritchard 1907 [valid], Myliobatis mordax Leidy 1877 [valid], Myliobatis nzadinensis Dartevelle and Casier 1943 [valid], Myliobatis oligocaena Leriche 1910 [valid], Myliobatis pachyodon Cope 1868 [valid], Myliobatis pachyrhizodus Fowler 1911 [valid], Myliobatis plicatilis Davis 1888 [valid], Myliobatis prenticei Chapman and Cudmore 1924 [valid], Myliobatis raouxi Arambourg 1952 [valid], Myliobatis sulcidens Dartevelle and Casier 1943 [valid], Myliobatis tennicaudatus Hector 1877 [valid], Myliobatis toliapicus Agassiz 1843 [valid], Myliobatis vicomicanus Cope 1868 [valid], Myliobatis wurnoensis White 1934 [valid], Palaeomyliobatis Silva et al. 1960 [synonym], Palaeomyliobatis Silva et al. 1960 [synonym], Rhizochlatrus Silva et al. 1960 [synonym], Rhizochlatrus Silva et al. 1960 [synonym]
Invalid names: Aetobatinae [empty], Myliobatina [empty]
Superfm. †Myliobatoidea
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Fm. †Rhombodontidae Cappetta 1987
+
G. †Rhombodus Dames 1881
+
†Rhombodus andriesi Noubhani and Cappetta 1994
†Rhombodus binkhorsti Dames 1881
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Invalid names: Rhombodus haasi Dartevelle and Casier 1943 [synonym]
†Rhombodus carentonensis Vullo 2005
†Rhombodus ibericus Kriwet et al. 2007
†Rhombodus levis Cappetta and Case 1975
†Rhombodus meridionalis Arambourg 1952
†Rhombodus microdon Arambourg 1952
Subor. Myliobatoidei Compagno 1973
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Invalid names: Aetobatidae Agassiz 1861 [empty], Hexatrygonidae [empty], Plesiobatidae [empty]
G. †Phosphatodon Guinot et al. 2023
G. †Ptychacanthus Agassiz 1836
+
†Ptychacanthus faujasii Agassiz 1837
†Ptychacanthus sublaevis Agassiz 1836
Fm. Rhinopteridae Jordan and Evermann 1896 [cow-nosed ray]
+
G. Rhinoptera Cuvier 1829 [cownose ray]
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†Rhinoptera daviesii Woodward 1889
†Rhinoptera dubius Leidy 1855
†Rhinoptera maja Udovichenko and Nessov 1987
†Rhinoptera marginata Saint-Hilaire 1809
†Rhinoptera prisca Woodward 1907
†Rhinoptera raeburni White 1934
†Rhinoptera rasilis Bohm 1926
†Rhinoptera schultzi Hiden 1995
†Rhinoptera sherboni White 1926
†Rhinoptera sherborni White 1926
†Rhinoptera smithi Jordan and Beal 1910
†Rhinoptera studeri Agassiz 1843
†Rhinoptera woodwardi Agassiz 1843
Invalid names: Micromesus Gill 1865 [synonym], Mylorhina Gill 1865 [synonym], Trikeras Harless 1850 [synonym], Trycera Doderlein 1884 [synonym], Zygobatis Agassiz 1838 [synonym]
G. †Texabatis Case and Cappetta 1997
Fm. Urolophidae Gray 1851 [round ray]
+
G. Urolophus
+
†Urolophus crassicauda de Blainville 1818
†Urolophus cruciata Lacépède 1804
Urolophus halleri Cooper 1863
†Urolophus princeps Heckel 1854
Invalid names: Leiobatus Blainville 1816 [synonym], Trygonoptera Muller and Henle 1838 [synonym]
Invalid names: Urolophus crassicaudatus de Blainville 1818 [invalid subgroup]
Invalid names: Ceratopteridae Whitley 1936 [empty], Mobuloidea [empty], Platyrhinoidei [empty], Urotrygonidae McEachran et al. 1996 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: o = order, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Wagner 2023, Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Late/Upper Oxfordian to the top of the Holocene or 161.20000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 155.7 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 155.7 Ma
Collections (698 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Late/Upper Oxfordian | France (Basse-Normandie) | Dasyatidae indet. (74916) | |
| Cretaceous | New Zealand (South Island) | Trygon sp. (204190) | |
| Late/Upper Hauterivian | United Kingdom (England) | Dasyatis speetonensis (66420) | |
| Cenomanian | Brazil (Maranhão) | Myliobatidae indet. (67225) | |
| Late/Upper Cretaceous | Brazil (Pernambuco) | Apocopodon sericeus, Rhinoptera prisca (167994) | |
| Early/Lower Cenomanian | United Kingdom (England) | Dasyatoidea indet. (213567) | |
| Late/Upper Cenomanian | Egypt | Gymnura laterialata (214508) Rhinoptera sp. (214509) | |
| Middle Turonian | USA (Kansas) | Brachyrhizodus mcnultyi (35365) | |
| Middle Turonian - Late/Upper Turonian | Uzbekistan (Navoi) | Myliobatoidea indet. (58164 58179) | |
| Santonian | USA (Alabama) | Hypolophus sp. (3587) | |
| Late/Upper Santonian - Middle Campanian | USA (Georgia) | Rhombodus levis, Brachyrhizodus wichitaensis (35289) | |
| Campanian | USA (Maryland) | Myliobatis obesus (127194) | |
| Campanian | USA (Georgia) | Brachyrhizodus wichitaensis, Rhombodus laevis (70720) | |
| Campanian - Maastrichtian | USA (Texas) | Brachyrhizodus wichitaensis (132656) | |
| Early/Lower Campanian - Middle Campanian | USA (North Carolina) | Brachyrhizodus witchitaensis, Dasyatidae indet., Rhombodus levis, Hypolophus sp., Protamia sp. (57918) Dasyatis sp., Rhombodus binkhorsti, Brachyrhizodus wichitaensis (128412) | |
| Judithian | USA (Texas) | Dasyatidae indet. (14489) | |
| Late/Upper Campanian | USA (New Jersey) | Brachyrhizodus wichitaensis, Rhombodus laevis (14455) Rhombodus levis, Brachyrhizodus wichitaensis (32181) | |
| Late/Upper Campanian | USA (Delaware) | Rhombodus levis, Brachyrhizodus wichitaensis (27570) | |
| Late/Upper Campanian | Spain (Castilla y Leon) | Rhombodus binkhorsti (28765) | |
| Late/Upper Campanian | Israel | Rhombodus binkhorsti (35443 214863) | |