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Scincoidea

Reptilia

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1811Scincoidea Oppel
1946Scincoidea Kuhn p. 61
1966Scincoidea Kuhn p. 51
1969Scincoidea Estes p. 2
1983Scincoidea Estes
1988Scincoidea Estes et al.
2000Scincoidea Gao and Norell p. 74
2002Scincoidea Nydam p. 646
2003Scincoidea Krause et al. p. 843
2006Scincoidea Smith p. 5
2013Scincoidea Pyron et al.

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
RankNameAuthor
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
—Sauropsida
classReptilia
—Squamata()
superfamilyScincoideaOppel 1811
superfamilyScincoideaOppel 1811

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Superfm. †Scincoidea Oppel 1811
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G. †Carusia Borsuk-Bialynicka 1987
+
†Carusia intermedia Borsuk-Bialynicka 1985
Invalid names: Carolina Borsuk-Bialynicka 1985 [replaced]
Fm. Cordylidae Gray 1837 [spinytail lizard]
+
G. †Bavaricordylus Kosma 2004
+
Subfm. Cordylinae Mertens 1937
+
G. Chamaesaura Schneider 1801 [Snake lizards]
G. Cordylus Laurenti 1768 [girdled lizard]
+
Cordylus cataphractus Bole 1828 [Armadillo spinytail lizard]
Cordylus polyzonus Smith 1838 [African spinytail lizard]
G. Hemicordylus Smith 1838 [False girdled lizards]
G. Karusasaurus Stanley et al. 2011
G. Namazonurus Stanley et al. 2011
G. Ninurta Stanley et al. 2011
G. Ouroborus Stanley et al. 2011
G. Pseudocordylus Smith 1838 [False girdled lizards]
G. Smaug Stanley et al. 2011
+
Smaug giganteus Smith 1844 [Gant spinytail lizard]
G. †Eocordyla Augé 2005
+
†Eocordyla mathisi Augé 2005
G. †Konkasaurus Krause et al. 2003
+
†Konkasaurus mahalana Krause et al. 2003
G. †Palaeocordylus Roček 1984
+
†Palaeocordylus bohemicus Roček 1984
Subfm. Platysaurinae Stanley et al. 2011
+
G. Platysaurus Smith 1844 [Flat lizards]
G. †Pseudolacerta De Stefano 1903
+
†Pseudolacerta mucronata Filhol 1877
Invalid names: Zonuridae Gray 1838 [synonym]
Unr. †Cordyliformes Fitzinger 1826
+
G. †Deccansaurus Yadav et al. 2023
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†Deccansaurus palaeoindicus Yadav et al. 2023
G. †Dakotaseps Nydam 2014
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†Dakotaseps gillettorum Nydam 2013
Invalid names: Dakotasaurus Nydam 2013 [replaced]
G. †Dimekodontosaurus Nydam 2002
+
G. †Eoxanta Borsuk-Bialynicka 1988
+
†Eoxanta lacertifrons Borsuk-Bialynicka 1988
G. Estescincosaurus Sullivan 1997
+
†Estescincosaurus cooki Estes 1964
+
G. Feylinia Gray 1845 [feylinias]
+
Feylinia currori Gray 1845 [Western forest feylinias]
Feylinia polylepis Bocage 1887 [Manyscaled feylinias]
G. †Foliesaurus Auge and Smith 2009
+
†Foliesaurus boutersemensis Auge and Smith 2009
Fm. Gerrhosauridae Boulenger 1885 [plated lizard]
+
G. Gerrhosaurus Wiegmann 1828
G. Zonosaurus Boulenger 1887 [zonosaur]
+
Zonosaurus madagascariensis Gray 1845 [Madagascar girdled lizard]
Zonosaurus ornatus Gray 1845 [Ornate girdled lizard]
G. †Globaura Borsuk-Bialynicka 1988
+
†Globaura venusta Borsuk-Bialynicka 1988
G. †Hymenosaurus Gao and Norell 2000
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†Hymenosaurus clarki Gao and Norell 2000
G. †Myrmecodaptria Gao and Norell 2000
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†Myrmecodaptria microphagosa Gao and Norell 2000
G. †Ornatocephalus Weber 2004
+
Fm. †Paramacellodidae Estes 1983
+
G. †Atokasaurus Nydam and Cifelli 2002
+
†Atokasaurus metarsiodon Nydam and Cifelli 2002
G. †Becklesius Estes 1983
+
†Becklesius cataphractus Richter 1994
†Becklesius hoffstetteri Seiffert 1975
†Becklesius nopcsai Folie and Codrea 2005
G. †Hypostylos Wick and Shiller, II 2020
+
†Hypostylos lehmani Wick and Shiller, II 2020
G. †Ilekia Averianov et al. 2005
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†Ilekia sibirica Averianov et al. 2005
G. †Naimanosaurus Alifanov 2019
+
G. †Neokotus Souza Bittencourt et al. 2020
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†Neokotus sanfranciscanus Souza Bittencourt et al. 2020
G. †Paramacellodus Hoffstetter 1967
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†Paramacellodus keebleri Nydam and Cifelli 2002
†Paramacellodus marocensis Richter 1994
†Paramacellodus oweni Hoffstetter 1967
+
Invalid names: Becklesisaurus scincoides Hoffstetter 1967 [synonym]
†Paramacellodus sinuosus Richter 1994
G. †Saurillodon Estes 1983
+
G. †Saurillus Owen 1855
+
†Saurillus henkeli Seiffert 1975
†Saurillus obtusus Owen 1855
†Saurillus robustidens Hoffstetter 1967
G. †Sciroseps Suarez et al. 2021
+
†Sciroseps pawhuskai Suarez et al. 2021
G. †Sharovisaurus Hecht and Hecht 1984
+
†Sharovisaurus karatauensis Hecht and Hecht 1984
G. †Parmeosaurus Gao and Norell 2000
+
†Parmeosaurus scutatus Gao and Norell 2000
G. †Pyrenasaurus Bolet and Auge 2014
+
†Pyrenasaurus evansae Bolet and Auge 2014
Fm. Scincidae Gray 1825 [skink]
+
G. Acontias Cuvier 1817 [Lance skinks]
+
Acontias meleagris Linneaus 1758 [Linneaus' lance skink]
Acontias percivali Loveridge 1935 [Percival's lance skink]
Acontias plumbeus Bianconi 1849 [Giant lance skink]
G. †Aethesia Hutchinson and Scanlon 2009
+
†Aethesia frangens Hutchinson and Scanlon 2009
G. †Aocnodromeus Gao and Fox 1996
+
†Aocnodromeus corrugatus Gao and Fox 1996
G. †Axonoscincus Augé 2003
+
†Axonoscincus sabatieri Augé 2003
G. †Ayalasaurus Augé 2005
+
†Ayalasaurus tenuis Augé 2005
G. †Berruva Augé 2005
+
†Berruva louisi Augé 2005
G. Corucia Gray 1855 [Solomon Island skinks]
+
Corucia zebrata Gray 1855 [Solomon Island skink]
G. Eugongylus Fitzinger 1843
G. †Gekkomimus Bolet et al. 2015
+
†Gekkomimus rugosus Augé 2005
G. Lygosoma Hardwicke and Gray 1828 [writhing skink]
+
Subg. Lygosoma (Mocoa) Gray 1845
Subfm. Lygosominae Mittleman 1952
+
G. Ablepharus Lichtenstein 1823
G. Egernia Gray 1838
+
Egernia gillespieae Thorn et al. 2019
G. Eulamprus Fitzinger 1843 [water skink]
G. †Leiolpisma Dumeril and Bibron 1839
G. Mabuya Fitzinger 1826
G. †Proegernia Martin et al. 2004
+
†Proegernia mikebulli Thorn et al. 2021
†Proegernia palankarinnensis Martin et al. 2004
G. Trachydosaurus Gray 1825
G. Tropidophorus Dumeril and Bibron 1839
+
†Tropidophorus bavaricus Böhme 2010
G. Oligosoma Girard
+
Oligosoma lineoocellatum Duméril and Duméril 1851
G. Ophiomorus Duméril and Bibron 1839
G. †Orthoscincus Augé 2005
+
G. †Orthrioscincus Gao and Fox 1996
+
†Orthrioscincus mixtus Gao and Fox 1996
G. Parotosaurus Boulenger 1914
G. †Penemabuya Gao and Fox 1996
+
†Penemabuya antecessor Gao and Fox 1996
G. Plestiodon Dumeril and Bibron 1839 [skink]
G. †Sauriscus Estes 1964
Subfm. Scincinae Gray 1825
+
G. †Chalcides Linnaeus 1758
+
†Chalcides augei Čerňanský et al. 2019
Chalcides bedriagae Boulenger 1887
G. Eumeces Wiegmann 1834
+
†Eumeces antiquus Holman 1981
†Eumeces capito Bocourt 1879
Eumeces fasciatus Linnaeus 1758 [five-lined skink]
Eumeces laticeps Schneider 1801 [Broadhead skink]
Eumeces obsoletus Baird and Girard 1852 [Great plains skink]
Eumeces skiltonianus Baird and Girard 1852 [Western skink]
Invalid names: Eumeces minimus Holman 1976 [nomen dubium]
G. Gongylomorphus Fitzinger 1843
G. Sphenomorphus Fitzinger 1842 [common skink]
+
Sphenomorphus tympanum Lönnberg and Andersson 1913
G. Tiliqua Gray 1825
+
†Tiliqua pusilla Shea and Hutchinson 1992
Tiliqua scincoides White 1790 [Eastern bluetongue skink]
G. Trachylepis Fitzinger 1843
+
Trachylepis socotrana Peters 1882 [Socotra skink]
G. Verticaria Cope
Invalid names: Egerniinae Welch 1982 [empty], Feylininae Camp 1923 [empty]
G. †Scincoideus Folie et al. 2005
+
†Scincoideus grassator Smith and Gauthier 2013
†Scincoideus haininensis Folie et al. 2005
G. †Tepexisaurus Reynoso and Callison 2000
+
†Tepexisaurus tepexii Reynoso and Callison 2000
G. †Webbsaurus Nydam 2013
+
†Webbsaurus lofgreni Nydam 2013
Fm. Xantusiidae Baird 1858 [night lizard]
+
G. †Catactegenys Nydam et al. 2013
+
†Catactegenys solaster Nydam et al. 2013
G. Cricosaura Gundlach and Peters 1863 [Cuban night lizards]
+
Cricosaura typica Gundlach and Peters 1863 [Cuban night lizard]
G. Klauberina Cope 1883 [Island night lizards]
+
Klauberina riversiana Cope 1883 [Island night lizard]
G. Lepidophyma Duméril 1851 [tropical night lizard]
+
†Lepidophyma arizeloglyphus Langebartel 1953
Lepidophyma flavimaculatum Dumeril 1851 [Yellow-spotted night lizard]
Lepidophyma gaigeae Mosauer 1936 [Gaige's tropical night lizard]
Lepidophyma smithii Bocourt 1876 [Smiths tropical night lizard]
Invalid names: Gaigeia Smith 1939 [synonym], Impensodens Langebartel 1953 [synonym]
G. †Palaeoxantusia Hecht 1956
+
†Palaeoxantusia allisoni Schatzinger 1980
†Palaeoxantusia amara Smith and Gauthier 2013
†Palaeoxantusia borealis Holman 1972
†Palaeoxantusia fera Hecht 1956
†Palaeoxantusia kyrentos Schatzinger 1980
G. †Palepidophyma Smith and Gauthier 2013
+
†Palepidophyma lilliputiana Smith and Gauthier 2013
†Palepidophyma paradisa Smith and Gauthier 2013
G. †Paracontogenys Schatzinger 1975
+
†Paracontogenys estesi Schatzinger 1975
G. Xantusia Baird 1859 [night lizard]
+
†Xantusia downsi Norell 1989
Xantusia henshawi Stejneger 1893 [Granite night lizard]
Xantusia vigilis Baird 1858 [Desert night lizard]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: terrestrialuc
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Created: 2017-04-17 15:15:35
Modified: 2017-04-17 15:15:35
Source: c = class, subp = subphylum, uc = unranked clade
References: Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Late/Upper Bathonian to the top of the Holocene or 167.70000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 166.1 Ma

Collections (305 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Bathonian168.3 - 166.1United Kingdom (Scotland) Paramacellodus oweni (139746)
Late/Upper Bathonian167.7 - 164.7United Kingdom (England) Saurillodon sp., Saurillodon marmorensis (39075)
Oxfordian163.5 - 157.3Kazakhstan (Ongtüstik Qazaqstan) Sharovisaurus karatauensis (92136)
Late/Upper Oxfordian - Kimmeridgian161.2 - 152.1China (Xinjiang) Paramacellodidae indet. (47056)
Kimmeridgian157.3 - 152.1Portugal (Leiria) Becklesisaurus hoffstetteri, Saurillus obtusus, Saurillus proraformis, Saurillus henkeli (24563)
Kimmeridgian157.3 - 152.1USA (Utah) Paramacellodus oweni (137198 137199)
Kimmeridgian - Tithonian157.3 - 145.0USA (Wyoming) Lacertilia indet. (49636) Paramacellodus sp. (12816 39431)
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian155.7 - 150.8Portugal (Lourinha) Paramacellodidae indet. (154213)
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian155.7 - 150.8Tanzania (Lindi) Squamata indet. (47146)
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian - Early/Lower Tithonian155.7 - 145.0Portugal (Centro) Paramacellodidae indet. (163143)
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian - Early/Lower Tithonian155.7 - 145.0Portugal (Lisboa) Paramacellodidae indet. (163145)
Tithonian152.1 - 145.0USA (Utah) Paramacellodus oweni (57913)
Tithonian152.1 - 145.0USA (Colorado) Paramacellodus sp., Saurillodon sp. (53040 58811)
Tithonian152.1 - 145.0USA (Wyoming) Paramacellodus sp. (39426)
Early/Lower Tithonian150.8 - 145.0USA (Colorado) Paramacellodus sp., Saurillodon sp. (71476)
Late/Upper Tithonian - Early/Lower Berriasian150.8 - 140.2Morocco (Oriental) Paramacellodidae indet., Paramacellodus marocensis (45726)
Early/Lower Berriasian - Middle Berriasian145.0 - 140.2United Kingdom (England) Becklesius sp., Lacertilia indet. (28401) Becklesius sp., Paramacellodus sp. (28995)
Middle Berriasian145.0 - 140.2United Kingdom (England) Becklesisaurus scincoides, Paramacellodus oweni, Saurillus robustidens, Macellodus brodiei (72142) Becklesius sp., Paramacellodus sp. (52312) Saurillus obtusus (118383)
Berriasian145.0 - 139.8France (Poitou-Charentes) Paramacellodus sp. (142093)
Berriasian145.0 - 139.8United Kingdom (England) Saurillus sp. (77058)