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Procolophonoidea
Taxonomy
Procolophonoidea was named by Romer (1956). It is not extant. It is the type superfamily of Procolophonia. It was considered monophyletic by Lee (1995), Lee (1997), Modesto and Damiani (2007).
It was reranked as the suborder Procolophonoidea by Haubold (1971), Spencer and Benton (2000).
It was assigned to Diadectomorpha by Romer (1956); to Procolophonomorpha by Haubold (1971); to Procolophonia by Daly (1973), Lavina (1983), Carroll (1988); to Procolophoniformes by Lee (1995); to Procolophonia by Lee (1997), Reisz and Scott (2002), Modesto and Damiani (2007); to Parareptilia by Cisneros et al. (2004), Cisneros (2008); and to Parareptilia by Spencer and Benton (2000), Hamley et al. (2020), Butler et al. (2023).
It was reranked as the suborder Procolophonoidea by Haubold (1971), Spencer and Benton (2000).
It was assigned to Diadectomorpha by Romer (1956); to Procolophonomorpha by Haubold (1971); to Procolophonia by Daly (1973), Lavina (1983), Carroll (1988); to Procolophoniformes by Lee (1995); to Procolophonia by Lee (1997), Reisz and Scott (2002), Modesto and Damiani (2007); to Parareptilia by Cisneros et al. (2004), Cisneros (2008); and to Parareptilia by Spencer and Benton (2000), Hamley et al. (2020), Butler et al. (2023).
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1956 | Procolophonoidea Romer p. 486 |
| 1956 | Tichvinskia jugensis Vjushkov and Chudinov p. 142 figs. 1-3 |
| 1971 | Procolophonoidea Haubold p. 31 |
| 1973 | Procolophonoidea Daly p. 586 |
| 1983 | Procolophonoidea Lavina p. 53 |
| 1988 | Procolophonoidea Carroll |
| 1995 | Procolophonoidea Lee pp. 508, 511 fig. 22 |
| 1997 | Procolophonoidea Lee pp. 256, 260 fig. 22 |
| 2000 | Procolophonoidea Spencer and Benton p. 161 |
| 2002 | Procolophonoidea Reisz and Scott p. 244 |
| 2004 | Procolophonoidea Cisneros et al. p. 1542 fig. 3 |
| 2007 | Procolophonoidea Modesto and Damiani p. 338 |
| 2008 | Procolophonoidea Cisneros p. 14 |
| 2008 | Tichvinskia jugensis Ivakhnenko |
| 2020 | Procolophonoidea Hamley et al. |
| 2023 | Procolophonoidea Butler et al. |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Superfm. †Procolophonoidea Romer 1956
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Fm. †Owenettidae Broom 1939
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G. †Owenetta Broom 1939
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†Owenetta rubidgei Broom 1939
Invalid names: Colubrifer Carroll 1982 [synonym], Colubrifer campi Carroll 1982 [invalid subgroup]
G. †Saurodektes Modesto et al. 2004
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†Saurodektes rogersorum Modesto et al. 2003
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Invalid names: Owenetta kitchingorum Reisz and Scott 2002 [synonym]
Invalid names: Saurodectes Modesto et al. 2003 [replaced]
G. †Procolophonichnium Nopcsa 1923
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†Procolophonichnium haarmuehlensis Holst et al. 1970
†Procolophonichnium nopcsai Nopcsa 1923
†Procolophonichnium polonicum Ptaszynski 1990
†Procolophonichnium tirolensis Ceoloni et al. 1988
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Invalid names: Chelichnus tazelwurmi Ceoloni et al. 1988 [synonym], Paradoxichnium radeinensis Ceoloni et al. 1988 [synonym], Prochirotherium permicum Leonardi 1951 [synonym]
†Procolophonichnium winterswijkense Demathieu and Oosterink 1983
Invalid names: Contiichnus Citton et al. 2017 [synonym]
Fm. †Procolophonidae Lydekker 1889
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G. †Contritosaurus Ivakhnenko 1974
G. †Estheriophagus Novozhilov 1948
Subfm. †Leptopleuroninae Ivakhnenko 1979
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G. †Kapes Ivakhnenko 1975
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†Kapes amaenus Ivakhnenko 1975
†Kapes bentoni Spencer and Storrs 2002
†Kapes komiensis Ivakhnenko 1975
Invalid names: Macrophon Ivakhnenko 1975 [synonym]
G. †Leptopleuron Owen 1851
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†Leptopleuron lacertinum Owen 1851
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Invalid names: Telerpeton elginense Mantell 1852 [objective synonym]
Invalid names: Telerpeton Mantell 1852 [objective synonym]
G. †Sclerosaurus von Meyer 1857
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†Sclerosaurus armatus von Meyer 1857
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Invalid names: Labyrinthodon ruetimeyeri Wiedersheim 1878 [synonym]
Invalid names: Aristodesmus Seeley 1895 [synonym]
G. †Myognathus
Subfm. †Procolophoninae Nopcsa 1928
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G. †Orenburgia Ivakhnenko 1975
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†Orenburgia bruma Ivakhnenko 1983
†Orenburgia concinna Ivakhnenko 1975
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Invalid names: Insulophon morachovskayae Novikov 1992 [synonym], Lestanshoria massiva Novikov 1991 [synonym]
†Orenburgia enigmaticus Chudinov and Vjushkov 1956
Invalid names: Insulophon Novikov 1992 [synonym], Lestanshoria Novikov 1991 [synonym], Samaria Novikov 1991 [synonym]
G. †Procolina Borsuk−Białynicka and Lubka 2009
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†Procolina teresae Borsuk−Białynicka and Lubka 2009
G. †Procolophon Owen 1876
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†Procolophon trigoniceps Owen 1876
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Invalid names: Procolophon baini Broom 1905 [synonym], Procolophon brasiliensis Cisneros and Schultz 2002 [synonym], Procolophon cuneiceps Seeley 1878 [synonym], Procolophon griersoni Seeley 1878 [synonym], Procolophon laticeps Seeley 1878 [synonym], Procolophon minor Owen 1876 [synonym], Procolophon platyrhinus Seeley 1905 [synonym], Procolophon pricei Lavina 1983 [synonym], Procolophon sphenorhinus Seeley 1905 [synonym]
Invalid names: Microtheledon Broom 1936 [nomen dubium], Thelegnathus parvus Broom 1905 [nomen dubium]
G. †Procolophonoides Ivakhnenko 1979
G. †Suchonosaurus Tverdochlebova and Ivakhnenko 1994
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†Suchonosaurus minimus Tverdochlebova and Ivakhnenko 1994
G. †Tichvinskia Chudinov and Vjushkov 1956
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†Tichvinskia burtensis Ochev 1958
†Tichvinskia vjatkensis Chudinov and Vjushkov 1956
Invalid names: Burtensia Ivakhnenko 1975 [synonym]
Invalid names: Paoteodon Chow and Sun 1960 [nomen dubium], Spondylolestidae Ivakhnenko 1979 [invalid subgroup], Thelegnathus Broom 1905 [nomen dubium], Thelegnathus browni Broom 1905 [nomen dubium]
Invalid names: Tichvinskia jugensis Vjushkov and Chudinov 1956 [nomen dubium]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: c = class, subp = subphylum, uc = unranked clade | |||||
| References: Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009 | |||||
Age range: base of the Wuchiapingian to the top of the Rhaetian or 259.51000 to 201.40000 Ma
Collections (136 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Late/Upper Severodvinian - Vyatkian | Russian Federation | Suchonosaurus minimus (189496) | |
| Wuchiapingian | South Africa (Eastern Cape) | Owenetta rubidgei (80826 171384) | |
| Lopingian | Madagascar (Fianarantsoa) | Barasaurus besairiei (92491) | |
| Lopingian | Brazil (Paraná) | Procolophonichnium sp. (197299) | |
| Lopingian | Italy (Trentino-Alto Adige) | Prochirotherium permicum, Hyloidichnus tirolensis, Paradoxichnium radeinensis, Chelichnus tazelwurmi (188750) | |
| Wuchiapingian - Changhsingian | South Africa (Western Cape) | Owenetta rubidgei (174623) | |
| Wuchiapingian - Changhsingian | South Africa (Eastern Cape) | Owenetta rubidgei (80216 89863 174663) Owenetta rubidgei, Spondylolestes rubidgei (80219) Spondylolestes rubidgei (176336) | |
| Changhsingian - Olenekian | South Africa (Free State) | Colubrifer campi (92419) | |
| Induan | Russian Federation (Kirov) | Contritosaurus simus (93577) | |
| Induan | South Africa (Northern Cape) | Phonodus dutoitorum (105718) | |
| Induan | Russian Federation (Samara) | Phaanthosaurus sp. (196088) | |
| Induan | Russian Federation (Orenburg) | Procolophonidae indet. (196033) | |
| Induan | Russian Federation (Nizhnii Novgorod) | Contritosaurus convector (85957) Contritosaurus simus (93572 93573) | |
| Induan | South Africa (Free State) | Owenetta kitchingorum (80140) | |
| Induan | Russian Federation (Nizhegorod) | Phaanthosaurus ignatjevi, Contritosaurus simus (28396) | |
| Induan | Australia (Queensland) | Eomurruna yurrgensis (94541) Procolophonidae indet. (85560) | |
| Induan | South Africa (Eastern Cape) | Saurodectes rogersorum (80064) | |
| Induan - Smithian | Madagascar (Diana) | Barasaurus besairiei (92493) Eosuchia indet. (144094) | |
| Early/Lower Triassic | South Africa (Eastern Cape) | Procolophon sp. (117176) | |
| Early/Lower Triassic | South Africa (East Cape) | Owenetta kitchingorum, Sauropareion anoplus, Procolophonichnium nopcsai (188978) | |
| Early/Lower Triassic | Antarctica | Procolophon indet. (87420) Procolophon trigoniceps (27266 87410 87414) | |
| Early/Lower Triassic | China (Nei Mongol) | Eumetabolodon dongshengensis (27160) | |
| Induan - Olenekian | South Africa (Free State) | Procolophon sp. (94365) Procolophon trigoniceps (88282 98602) | |
| Induan - Olenekian | Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul) | Procolophon pricei (94112) Procolophon sp., Procolophon brasiliensis (93720) Procolophon trigoniceps (99232 99233) Procolophon trigoniceps, Procolophonoidea indet., Oryporan insolitus (99234) | |
| Induan - Olenekian | South Africa (Eastern Cape) | Owenetta sp. (181691) Procolophon trigoniceps, Procolophon minor, Procolophon griersoni, Procolophon cuneiceps, Procolophon laticeps (13043) Procolophon trigoniceps, Procolophon platyrhinus, Procolophon sphenorhinus (94309) Sauropareion anoplus (85948 171371) | |
| Smithian | Russian Federation (Orenburg) | Tichvinskia sp. (196078) | |
| Olenekian | Russian Federation (Komi) | Kapes amaenus, Macrophon komiensis (85454) Timanophon raridentatus (39811) | |
| Olenekian | Russian Federation (Kirov) | Tichvinskia vjatkensis (93104) | |
| Olenekian | South Africa (Eastern Cape) | Coletta seca (78686) Procolophon sp. (145503) Procolophon trigoniceps, Kitchingnathus untabeni (92309) | |
| Olenekian | Russian Federation (Vologda) | Tichvinskia jugensis (28479) | |
| Olenekian | Russian Federation (Orenburg) | Burtensia burtensis (94369) Orenburgia concinna (93201) Tichvinskia burtensis (93205) Tichvinskia majmesculae, Kapes majmesculae (79946) Tichvinskia sp. (195838) | |
| Olenekian | Poland (Malopolskie) | Procolophonidae unnamed genus 1, Procolophonidae unnamed genus 2, Procolophonidae unnamed genus 3, Procolophonida indet. (38528) | |
| Olenekian | Russian Federation (Arkhangelsk) | Insulophon morachovskayae (94236) Orenburgia bruma (93274) Orenburgia bruma, Lestanshoria massiva (93276) Orenburgia sp. (94243) Tichvinskia jugensis (94237) Timanophon raridentatus (93382 93385) | |
| Olenekian | Russian Federation (Volgograd) | Kapes sp., Tichvinskia enigmatica (27343) | |
| Olenekian | South Africa (Free State) | Procolophonidae indet. (98617) | |
| Olenekian - Anisian | China (Shaanxi) | Eumetabolodon bathycephalus (27158) Pentaedrusaurus ordosianus (92429) | |
| Olenekian - Anisian | China (Nei Mongol) | Eumetabolodon bathycephalus (27134) | |
| Spathian | Poland (Swietoryzskie) | Rhynchosauroides polonicus (118063) | |
| Spathian | USA (Arizona) | Procolophonichnium sp. (95107) | |
| Aegean | Germany (Thuringia) | Anomoiodon liliensterni (85958) | |
| Aegean | Germany (Bavaria) | Koiloskiosaurus coburgiensis (92888) | |
| Aegean - Bithynian | Germany (Baden-Württemberg) | Anomoiodon krejcii (134302) Sclerosaurus armatus (85939) | |
| Aegean - Bithynian | USA (New Mexico) | Procolophonidae indet. (135441) | |
| Aegean - Bithynian | Switzerland (Basel-Stadt) | Labyrinthodon ruetimeyeri (85940) | |
| Anisian | South Africa (Eastern Cape) | Thelegnathus browni, Thelegnathus parvus (80060) Thelegnathus contritus (92312) | |
| Anisian | Russian Federation (Orenburg) | Kapes serotinus (93156) | |
| Anisian | Spain (Catalonia) | Procolophonoidea indet. (102284) | |
| Anisian | United Kingdom (England) | Kapes bentoni (88977 88978) Procolophonidae indet. (88980) | |
| Anisian | Spain (Barcelona) | Procolophonidae indet. (171375) | |
| Anisian | China (Nei Mongol) | Eumetabolodon bathycephalus (92436) | |
| Anisian | Tanzania (Ruvuma) | Mandaphon nadra (192672) | |
| Anisian | Netherlands (Gelderland) | Procolophonichnium winterswijkense, Procolophonichnium haarmuehlensis (96875) | |
| Anisian | China (Shanxi) | Neoprocolophon asiaticus (92480) Paoteodon huanghoensis (92481) | |
| Anisian | Canada (Nova Scotia) | Anomoiodon sp., Sclerosaurus sp. (227834) | |
| Anisian | South Africa (Free State) | Procolophonidae indet. (171026) Thelegnathus oppressus, Thelegnathus perforatus (92313) Thelegnathus spinigenis, Teratophon spinigenis (92310) | |
| Anisian | Morocco (Marrakech-Safi) | Procolophonichnium sp. (199858 199904) | |
| Illyrian | Italy (Trentino-Alto Adige) | Procolophonichnium sp. (196816) | |
| Ladinian | Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul) | Candelaria barbouri (92807) Candelaria barbouri, Procolophonoidea indet. (92809) | |
| Ladinian - Carnian | Madagascar (Toliara) | Procolophonidae indet. (96207) | |
| Longobardian | Germany (Baden-Württemberg) | Owenettidae indet. (101873) Procolophonidae indet., Owenettidae indet. (101875) | |
| Carnian | United Kingdom (England) | Hwiccewyrm trispiculum (46889) Procolophonidae indet. (13173) | |
| Carnian | Morocco (Marrakech-Safi) | Procolophonidae indet. (58618) | |
| Carnian | USA (Virginia) | Procolophonidae indet. (39159) | |
| Carnian | Canada (Nova Scotia) | Hypsognathus sp. (107286) Procolophonidae indet. (80074 80079 80093 89078) | |
| Carnian | Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul) | Cornualbus primus (237488) | |
| Carnian - Norian | United Kingdom (Scotland) | Leptopleuron lacertinum (57948) Telerpeton elginense (89011) | |
| Late/Upper Triassic | Uruguay (Cerro Largo) | Pintosaurus magnidentis (86401) | |
| Norian | USA (New Mexico) | Procolophonidae indet. (84272) | |
| Norian | Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul) | Soturnia caliodon (55446) | |
| Norian | Canada (Nova Scotia) | Hypsognathus sp. (89142) | |
| Norian | USA (Arizona) | Procolophonidae indet. (39160 84017 92850) | |
| Norian | USA (Texas) | Colognathus obscurus (48424) Libognathus sheddi (79947) Procolophonidae indet. (13266) | |
| Norian - Rhaetian | USA (New Jersey) | Hypsognathus fenneri (80143 89137) Hypsognathus fenneri, Procolophonichnium sp. (92107) | |
| Rhaetian | United Kingdom (Wales) | Hypsognathus sp., Leptopleuroninae indet., Haligonia sp., Haligonia bolodon, Scoloparia sp., Smilodonterpeton ruthinensis (46077) | |
| Rhaetian | France (Lorraine) | Procolophonoidea indet. (36106) | |
| Rhaetian | USA (Utah) | Leptopleuroninae indet. (93495) | |
| Rhaetian | United Kingdom (England) | Procolophonidae indet. (120898) | |
| Rhaetian | USA (Connecticut) | Hypsognathus fenneri (89140) |