Basic info Taxonomic history Classification Included Taxa
Morphology Ecology and taphonomy External Literature Search Age range and collections

Synechodus

Chondrichthyes - Synechodontiformes - Palaeospinacidae

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1845Hybodus bronnii Reuss
1888Synechodus Woodward
1889Synechodus Woodward p. 325
1918Synechodus Chapman p. 5
1942Synechodus Leriche p. 27
1958Synechodus Casier p. 15
1963Synechodus Jordan p. 596
1975Synechodus Cappetta p. 117
1977Synechodus Herman p. 26
1978Synechodus Case p. 184
1991Synechodus Müller and Diedrich p. 46
1993Synechodus Duffin and Ward p. 58
1995Synechodus Delsate and Godefroit p. 28
1997Synechodus Johns p. 33
1998Synechodus Duffin p. 250
1999Synechodus Underwood et al. p. 290
1999Synechodus Underwood and Mitchell
2000Synechodus Rees p. 418
2001Synechodus Peng et al. p. 11
2002Synechodus Delsate et al. p. 12
2002Synechodus Sepkoski
2002Synechodus Underwood
2003Synechodus Delsate p. 21
2003Synechodus Kriwet p. 588
2004Synechodus Underwood p. 113
2004Synechodus Underwood and Ward p. 477
2004Synechodus Yamagishi p. 570
2005Synechodus Ivanov p. 134
2005Synechodus Rees p. 214
2008Synechodus Klug p. 231
2010Synechodus Ginter et al. p. 106
2013Synechodus Guinot et al. p. 594
2014Synechodus Guinot et al. p. 57
2015Synechodus Siversson et al. p. 264
2017Synechodus Siversson and Machalski p. 443
2019Synechodus Cappetta et al. p. 1168
2019Synechodus Hoganson et al. p. 31
2022Synechodus Ebersole et al. p. 376

Is something missing? Join the Paleobiology Database and enter the data

RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
Bilateria
EubilateriaAx 1987
Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
RankNameAuthor
classChondrichthyes
subclassEuselachii()
infraclassElasmobranchii(Bonaparte 1838)
superorderGaleomorphi
orderSynechodontiformes
familyPalaeospinacidaeRegan 1906
genusSynechodusWoodward 1888

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Synechodus Woodward 1888
show all | hide all
Synechodus antiquus Ivanov 2005
Synechodus clarki Eastman 1901
Synechodus dereki Cappetta et al. 2019
Synechodus dubrisiensis Mackie 1863
+
Invalid names: Synechodus michaeli Thies 1981 [synonym]
Synechodus duffini Underwood and Ward 2004
Synechodus egertoni Woodward 1889
Synechodus faxensis Davis 1890
Synechodus filipi Siversson et al. 2015
Synechodus incrementum Johns 1997
Synechodus kessleri Sokolskyi and Guinot 2021
Synechodus lerichei Herman 1977
Synechodus levis Woodward 1889
Synechodus nitidus Woodward 1912
Synechodus paludinensis Delsate et al. 2002
Synechodus plicatus Underwood 2002
Synechodus prorogatus Kriwet 2003
Synechodus rhaeticus Duffin 1982
Synechodus riegrafi Thies 1983
Synechodus rotheliusi Saugen et al. 2025
Synechodus seinstedtensis Thies et al. 2014
Synechodus streitzi Delsate et al. 2002
Synechodus subulatus Leriche 1951
Synechodus subulatus Rogovich 1861
Synechodus sulcatus Davis 1888
Synechodus tenuis Woodward 1889
Synechodus triangulus Yamagishi 2004
Synechodus turneri Case 1987
Synechodus ungeri Klug 2009
Synechodus validus Chapman 1918
Synechodus volaticus Johns 1997
Invalid names: Hybodus bronnii Reuss 1845 [nomen dubium]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: marinesubp
Locomotion: actively mobileo
Life habit: nektonico
Diet: carnivoreo
Created: 2009-07-21 07:23:41
Modified: 2009-07-21 09:23:41
Source: o = order, subp = subphylum
References: Wagner 2023, Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009

Age range: base of the Sakmarian to the top of the Lutetian or 293.52000 to 41.03000 Ma

Collections (230 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Sakmarian293.52 - 290.1Russian Federation (Chelyabinsk) S. antiquus (90288)
Artinskian290.1 - 283.3Russian Federation (Bashkortostan) S. antiquus (90289)
Smithian249.9 - 248.1Russian Federation S. sp. (149342)
Spathian248.1 - 246.7Japan (Ehime) S. sp. (148441 148442 148443 148444 148445 148446 148447 148448 148449 148450 148451 148452 148453 148454 148455)
Spathian248.1 - 246.7China (Guangxi) S. triangulus (230316)
Spathian248.1 - 246.7Svalbard and Jan Mayen S. incrementum, S. rotheliusi (196857)
Spathian248.1 - 246.7Russian Federation S. sp. (149340)
Anisian246.7 - 241.464Russian Federation S. sp. (149341)
Anisian246.7 - 241.464Japan (Ehime) S. sp. (148432 148434 148437 148438) S. sp., S. triangulus (148433 148436 148439 148440)
Illyrian243.33 - 241.464Bulgaria S. sp. (149326)
Ladinian241.464 - 237.0Canada (British Columbia) S. sp. (150049 150233) S. sp., S. volaticus (150040 150041 150042 150045 150048 150082) S. volaticus (150044)
Carnian237.0 - 227.3Canada (British Columbia) S. multinodosus (150234) S. multinodosus, S. volaticus (150056) S. sp., S. multinodosus (150054 150055) S. volaticus (150075 150076 150235)
Tuvalian233.6 - 227.3Canada (British Columbia) S. multinodosus (47324 150053)
Tuvalian - Lacian233.6 - 215.38Canada (British Columbia) S. multinodosus (47325 47326 47327) S. multinodosus, S. volaticus (47328) S. volaticus (47330)
Lacian227.3 - 215.38Canada (British Columbia) S. incrementum (47355)
Norian227.3 - 205.7Canada (British Columbia) S. incrementum (150063 150064 150073 150101 150149 150151 150220)
Alaunian215.38 - 211.18Canada (British Columbia) S. incrementum (47376 47378)
Rhaetian205.7 - 201.4Belgium S. rhaeticus (131525)
Rhaetian205.7 - 201.4United Kingdom (England) Palaeospinax rhaeticus (120898 122363)
Rhaetian205.7 - 201.4United Kingdom S. rhaeticus (131523)
Rhaetian205.7 - 201.4France (Jura) S. rhaeticus (60567 60568)
Rhaetian205.7 - 201.4Luxembourg S. rhaeticus (67895)
Rhaetian205.7 - 201.4Germany S. seinstedtensis (232091)
Hettangian201.4 - 199.5France S. sp. (149424)
Liasicus201.4 - 199.5Belgium S. sp., S. streitzi, S. paludinensis (40087)
Sinemurian199.5 - 192.9France S. sp. (149425)
Late/Upper Pliensbachian192.9 - 184.2Sweden (Scania) S. sp. (90692)
Late/Upper Pliensbachian192.9 - 184.2France S. sp. (149426)
Margaritatus192.9 - 184.2France (Ardennes) S. sp. (149431)
Early/Lower Toarcian184.2 - 182.9Germany Palaeospinax egertoni (122170)
Toarcian184.2 - 174.7Germany S. sp. (148936)
Variabilis182.9 - 174.7Luxembourg S. sp. (141383)
Thouarsense180.4 - 174.7Luxembourg S. sp. (141389)
Early/Lower Bajocian170.9 - 168.6France (Grand Est) S. duffini, S. levis (179498)
Bathonian168.2 - 165.3United Kingdom (England) S. duffini, S. levis (91450) S. levis (91453)
Late/Upper Callovian165.3 - 161.5Poland S. sp., S. prorogatus (117993)
Late/Upper Callovian165.3 - 161.5Luxembourg S. prorogatus (91447)
Middle Callovian165.3 - 161.5Poland S. sp., S. prorogatus (97035)
Oxfordian161.5 - 154.8Germany Palaeospinax riegrafi (137169)
Late/Upper Oxfordian157.9 - 154.8Spain S. ungeri (151897 151898 151899 151900 151901)
Early/Lower Kimmeridgian154.8 - 152.21Spain S. ungeri (151902)
Kimmeridgian154.8 - 149.2Germany S. sp. 1 morphotype 7 (117195 117204 117206) S. sp. 1 morphotype 7, S. sp. 1 morphotype 8 (117196 117197) S. sp. 2 morphotype 9 (117194)
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian152.21 - 149.2Germany (Baden-Württemberg) S. ungeri (154138)
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian - Early/Lower Tithonian152.21 - 145.06United Kingdom (England) S. plicatus (140224)
Early/Lower Valanginian137.05 - 132.6France (Gard) S. ungeri (213631)
Late/Upper Valanginian137.05 - 132.6Poland S. nitidus (213518 213519)
Early/Lower Hauterivian132.6 - 125.77United Kingdom (England) S. dubrisiensis (66422) S. sp., S. dubrisiensis (66421)
Late/Upper Hauterivian132.6 - 125.77Germany S. sp. (241406)
Late/Upper Hauterivian132.6 - 125.77United Kingdom (England) S. dubrisiensis (66418 66419 66420)
Late/Upper Barremian125.77 - 121.4Germany S. sp. (241404 241405 241407)
Late/Upper Barremian125.77 - 121.4United Kingdom (England) S. dubrisiensis (213572)
Early/Lower Aptian121.4 - 119.57United Kingdom (England) S. dubrisiensis (213576 213577) S. dubrisiensis, S. tenuis (241434) S. sp. (235313) S. tenuis (52568)
Late/Upper Aptian119.57 - 113.2France S. sp., S. nitidus (214869)
Late/Upper Aptian119.57 - 113.2United Kingdom (England) S. dubrisiensis (241435 241436 241437 241459) S. tenuis (241458)
Early/Lower Albian113.2 - 110.1United Kingdom (England) S. dubrisiensis (213319 213320 213321 213322) S. dubrisiensis, S. nitidus (213324)
Early/Lower Albian113.2 - 110.1France (Marne) S. dubrisiensis (235560)
Albian113.2 - 100.5Algeria (Adrar) S. sp. (59690)
Middle Albian110.1 - 106.3France (Haute-Marne) S. dubrisiensis, S. tenuis (235569)
Middle Albian110.1 - 106.3United Kingdom (England) S. dubrisiensis (213367) S. nitidus (213326)
Middle Albian110.1 - 106.3France (Marne) S. dubrisiensis (169108 235564 235567) S. dubrisiensis, S. tenuis (235563)
Late/Upper Albian106.3 - 100.5Lithuania S. nitidus (213709 213710)
Late/Upper Albian106.3 - 100.5Poland S. sp. (213375)
Late/Upper Albian106.3 - 100.5Ukraine S. kessleri, S. subulatus (214239) S. subulatus (214236 214238 214240 214241 214242)
Late/Upper Albian106.3 - 100.5United Kingdom (England) S. dubrisiensis (213327 213328 213329 213330 213331 213332 213335 213336 213337 213339 213343 213345 213346 213348 213350 213368 213369 213370 213371 213373 213374) S. dubrisiensis, S. nitidus (213340 213347 213372)
Late/Upper Albian - Cenomanian106.3 - 93.9Russian Federation (Belgorod) S. sp. (32314)
Late/Upper Albian - Early/Lower Cenomanian106.3 - 93.9Kazakhstan S. dubrisiensis (175010)
Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9Lithuania S. nitidus (213716)
Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9Germany (Westphalia) S. dubrisiensis (210063)
Early/Lower Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9United Kingdom (England) S. dubrisiensis (213361 213362) S. dubrisiensis, S. tenuis (213567) S. nitidus (213364)
Early/Lower Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9Russian Federation (Moscow) S. sp. (138814)
Late/Upper Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9Lithuania S. nitidus (213711 213713 213719 213720)
Middle Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9United Kingdom (England) S. dubrisiensis (213365) S. dubrisiensis, S. tenuis (213569 213570)
Late/Upper Turonian93.9 - 89.8USA (South Dakota) S. sp. (213291)
Early/Lower Santonian85.7 - 83.6Lithuania S. nitidus (90733 213712)
Early/Lower Santonian85.7 - 83.6Japan S. sp. (219958)
Middle Santonian85.7 - 83.6United Kingdom (England) S. lerichei (213376)
Santonian85.7 - 83.6Russian Federation (Orenburg) S. sp. (232890)
Santonian85.7 - 83.6Japan S. dubrisiensis (235546)
Campanian83.6 - 72.2New Zealand (South Island) Odontaspis sulcata, S. validus (101382)
Early/Lower Campanian83.6 - 72.2Sweden S. sp. 2 (102885)
Early/Lower Campanian83.6 - 72.2Sweden (Götaland) S. sp. 1, S. sp. 2 (102886)
Early/Lower Campanian83.6 - 72.2Sweden (Skane) S. sp. 1, S. sp. 2 (106411)
Early/Lower Campanian83.6 - 72.2France (Somme) S. lerichei (213566)
Early/Lower Campanian83.6 - 72.2Russian Federation (Saratov) S. sp. (224997)
Early/Lower Campanian83.6 - 72.2Sweden (Skåne) S. sp. 1, S. sp. 2 (102883) S. sp. 1, S. sp. 2, S. filipi (74334)
Late/Upper Campanian83.6 - 72.2USA (New Mexico) S. sp. (14472)
Late/Upper Campanian83.6 - 72.2France (Marne) S. lerichei (157588)
Late/Upper Campanian83.6 - 72.2Canada (British Columbia) S. dereki (221571 221572)
Late/Upper Campanian83.6 - 72.2USA (Wyoming) S. turneri (70253 70268 70269 70451 70453 70454 70455 70488 70499 70501)
Middle Campanian83.6 - 72.2Canada (Alberta) S. turneri (45561)
Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian83.6 - 66.0USA (New Jersey) S. sp. (221052)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0USA (North Dakota) S. turneri (213582 213584 213589)
Danian66.0 - 61.66Denmark S. faxensis (241429)
Late/Upper Paleocene59.24 - 56.0USA (Maryland) S. clarki (84046)
Thanetian59.24 - 56.0USA (Maryland) S. clarkia (124191)
Ypresian56.0 - 48.07USA (California) S. sp. (122337)
Lutetian48.07 - 41.03Barbados S. sp. (221164)
Lutetian48.07 - 41.03USA (Alabama) S. sp. (13346)