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Colobinae

Osteichthyes - Primates - Cercopithecidae

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1867Colobinae Jerdon
2002Colobinae Jablonski
2005Colobinae Wilson and Reeder
2020Colobinae Frost et al.

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
classOsteichthyes
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
subclassSynapsida
—Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
RankNameAuthor
—Mammaliamorpha
—Mammaliaformes
classMammalia
—Cladotheria
—Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
—Eutheria()
—Placentalia
—Boreoeutheria
—EuarchontogliresMurphy et al. 2001
—Euarchonta
orderPrimates
infraorderHaplorhini(Pocock 1918)
—Anthropoidea(Mivart 1864)
infraorderCatarrhiniGeoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1812
superfamilyCercopithecoidea
familyCercopithecidae
subfamilyColobinaeJerdon 1867
subfamilyColobinaeJerdon 1867

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Subfm. Colobinae Jerdon 1867
show all | hide all
G. †Cercopithecoides Mollett 1947
+
†Cercopithecoides alemayehui Gilbert and Frost 2008
†Cercopithecoides bruneti Pallas et al. 2019
†Cercopithecoides haasgati McKee et al. 2011
†Cercopithecoides kerioensis Leakey et al. 2003
†Cercopithecoides kimeui Leakey 1982
†Cercopithecoides meavae Frost and Delson 2002
Tr. Colobini Blyth 1875
+
G. †Microcolobus Benefit and Pickford 1986
+
†Microcolobus tugenensis Benefit and Pickford 1986
G. †Rhinocolobus Leakey 1982
+
G. Colobus Illiger 1811
+
Colobus angolensis Sclater 1860 [Angola colobus]
Colobus cottoni Lydekker 1905
Colobus guereza Rüppell 1835 [mantled guereza]
+
Invalid names: Colobus abyssinicus Oken 1816 [synonym]
Colobus polykomos Zimmermann 1780 [king colobus]
Colobus satanas Waterhouse 1838 [black colobus]
Colobus vellerosus Geoffroy 1834
G. †Dolichopithecus Depéret 1889
+
†Dolichopithecus arvernensis Depéret 1929
†Dolichopithecus ruscinensis Depéret 1889
+
Invalid names: Dolichopithecus hipsulophus Gremyatski 1958 [synonym]
G. †Kuseracolobus Frost 2001
+
†Kuseracolobus aramisi Frost 2001
G. †Mesopithecus Wagner 1839
+
†Mesopithecus pentelicus Wagner 1839
G. Nasalis Geoffroy 1812
+
Nasalis larvatus Wurmb 1787 [proboscis monkey]
Nasalis nasuus Kerr 1792
+
Invalid names: Simia (Cercopithecus) capistratus Kerr 1792 [synonym], Simia nasalis Shaw 1800 [synonym]
G. †Paracolobus Leakey 1969
+
†Paracolobus chemeroni Leakey 1969
†Paracolobus enkorikae Hlusko 2007
†Paracolobus mutiwa Leakey 1982
G. Piliocolobus Rochebrune 1887
+
Piliocolobus badius Kerr 1792 [western red colobus]
+
Invalid names: Simia ferruginea Shaw 1800 [synonym]
Piliocolobus bouvieri Rochebrune 1886
Piliocolobus epieni Grubb and Powell 1999
Piliocolobus foai de Pousargues 1899
Piliocolobus langi Allen 1925
Piliocolobus oustaleti Trouessart 1906
Piliocolobus parmentieri Colyn and Verheyen 1987
Piliocolobus pennantii Waterhouse 1838
Piliocolobus preussi Matschie 1900
Piliocolobus tholloni Milne-Edwards 1886
G. Presbytis Eschscholtz 1821
+
Presbytis bicolor Aimi and Bakar 1992
Presbytis canicrus Miller 1934
Presbytis comata Desmarest 1822
†Presbytis eohanuman Borissoglebskaya 1981
Presbytis femoralis Martin 1838
Presbytis frontata Müller 1838 [white-fronted surili]
Presbytis hosei Thomas 1889 [Hose's langur]
Presbytis melalophos Raffles 1822 [Sumatran surili]
+
Presbytis melalophos femoralis Müller and Schlegel 1861
Presbytis melalophos siamensis Müller and Schlegel 1841
Presbytis melalophos sumatrana Müller and Schlegel 1841
Presbytis melalophos sumatranus Müller and Schlegel 1841
Presbytis mitrata Eschscholtz 1821
Presbytis natunae Thomas and Hartert 1894
Presbytis potenziani Bonaparte 1856
Presbytis rubicunda Muller 1838 [maroon leaf monkey]
+
Presbytis sabana Thomas 1893 [Saban grizzled langur]
Presbytis schistaceus Wroughton 1914
Presbytis siamensis Müller and Schlegel 1841
Presbytis siberu Chasen and Kloss 1927
Presbytis sumatrana Müller and Schlegel 1841
Presbytis thomasi Collett 1893 [Thomas's langur]
Presbytis thomasi nubilus Miller, Jr. 1942
G. Procolobus Rochebrune 1877 [colobus]
+
Procolobus verus van Beneden 1838 [olive colobus monkey]
G. Pygathrix Geoffroy 1812 [douc langur]
+
Pygathrix cinerea Nadler 1997
Pygathrix nemaeus Linnaeus 1771 [red-shanked douc]
Pygathrix nigripes Milne-Edwards 1871 [black-shanked douc]
G. Rhinopithecus Milne-Edwards 1872 [snub-nosed monkey]
+
Subg. Rhinopithecus (Rhinopithecus) Geoffroy Saint-Hillaire 1812
Rhinopithecus avunculus Dollman 1912 [Tonkin snub-nosed monkey]
Rhinopithecus bieti Milne-Edwards 1897 [black snub-nosed monkey]
Rhinopithecus brelichi Thomas 1903 [gray snub-nosed monkey]
†Rhinopithecus lantianensis Hu and Qi 1978
Rhinopithecus roxellana Milne-Edwards 1870 [golden snub-nosed monkey]
Rhinopithecus strykeri Geissmann et al. 2010 [Burmese snub-nosed monkey]
†Rhinopithecus tingianus Matthew and Granger 1923
G. Simias Miller 1903
+
Simias concolor Miller 1903 [simakobu monkey]
G. Trachypithecus Reichenbach 1862 [lutung]
+
Trachypithecus auratus Geoffroy 1812 [Javan lutung]
+
Invalid names: Semnopithecus pyrrhus Horsfield 1824 [synonym]
Trachypithecus barbei Blythe 1847 [Tenasserim lutung]
Trachypithecus cristatus Raffles 1821 [silvery lutung]
+
Invalid names: Presbytis cristata pullata Thomas and Wroughton 1909 [synonym], Presbytis vigilans Miller 1913 [synonym], Pygathrix ultima Elliot 1910 [synonym], Semnopithecus pruinosus Desmarest 1822 [synonym], Semnopithecus rutledgii Anderson 1878 [synonym], Simia villosa Griffith 1821 [synonym]
Trachypithecus delacouri Osgood 1911 [Delacour's langur]
Trachypithecus ebenus Brandon-Jones 1995
Trachypithecus francoisi de Pousargues 1898 [Francois' langur]
Trachypithecus geei Khajuria 1956 [Gee's golden langur]
Trachypithecus germaini Milne-Edwards 1876 [Indochinese lutung]
Trachypithecus laotum Thomas 1921 [Laotian langur]
Trachypithecus mauritius Roos et al. 2008
Trachypithecus maurus Schreber 1775
Trachypithecus obscurus Reid 1837 [dusky leaf monkey]
Trachypithecus phayrei Blyth 1847 [Phayre's leaf monkey]
Trachypithecus pileatus Blyth 1843 [capped langur]
Trachypithecus poliocephalus Trouessart 1911 [white-headed langur]
Trachypithecus sondaicus Robinson and Kloss 1919
Invalid names: Kasi Reichenbach 1862 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: terrestrialsubc
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: arborealf
Diet: frugivoref
Diet 2: folivoref
Reproduction: viviparoussubc
Created: 2005-06-08 10:11:09
Modified: 2005-08-22 19:20:00
Source: f = family, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Hendy et al. 2009, Lillegraven 1979, Carroll 1988, Ji et al. 2002, Nowak 1991

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Serravallian to the top of the Holocene or 13.82000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 11.63 Ma

Collections (182 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Miocene - Pliocene23.04 - 2.58Uganda Paracolobus sp. (22405 22461)
Serravallian13.82 - 11.63Ukraine (Odessa) Mesopithecus pentelici (75786)
Serravallian13.82 - 11.63Kenya Microcolobus tugenensis (22292)
Tortonian11.63 - 7.246Kenya Microcolobus sp. (219711)
Late/Upper Miocene11.63 - 5.333Bulgaria (Blagoevgrad) Mesopithecus pentelicus (197445)
Late/Upper Miocene11.63 - 5.333Algeria Colobus flandrini (34642)
Late/Upper Miocene11.63 - 5.333Greece (Attiki) Mesopithecus pentelicus (195562)
Late/Upper Miocene11.63 - 5.333North Macedonia Mesopithecus pentelicus (197462)
Late/Upper Miocene11.63 - 5.333Greece (Attica) Mesopithecus pentelici (182754) Mesopithecus pentelicus (202630)
Late/Upper Miocene11.63 - 5.333Greece (Chalkidona) Mesopithecus pentelici (182745)
Tortonian - Zanclean11.63 - 3.6Ethiopia Paracolobus chemeroni (22158 22179)
Turolian8.725 - 5.09Greece (Macedonia) Mesopithecus pentelicus (32374 32375 32376)
Turolian8.725 - 5.09Bulgaria Mesopithecus pentelicus (208569)
Turolian8.725 - 5.09Greece (Chalkidona) Mesopithecus pentelicus (195489)
Turolian8.725 - 5.09Afghanistan Mesopithecus pentelicus (75492)
Turolian8.725 - 5.09Greece (Makedonia Thraki) Mesopithecus pentelicus (157582)
Turolian8.725 - 5.09Greece (Central Macedonia) Mesopithecus pentelicus (32189)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Italy (Ravenna) Mesopithecus pentelicus (144566)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Italy (Piedmont) Mesopithecus pentelicus (199860)
Early/Lower Pliocene5.333 - 3.6Kenya (Turkana District) Colobinae indet., Kuseracolobus sp. (198275)
Early/Lower Pliocene5.333 - 3.6Kenya Cercopithecoides sp. (232486)
Early/Lower Pliocene5.333 - 3.6Bulgaria (Yambol) Dolichopithecus sp. (184410)
Early/Lower Pliocene5.333 - 3.6Moldova Dolichopithecus sp., Dolichopithecus ruscinensis (198590)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6Ethiopia Paracolobus sp. (22160)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.58Ethiopia Paracolobus mutiwa, Rhinocolobus turkanaensis (21754 21755)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.58Romania Dolichopithecus ruscinensis (40114) Dolichopithecus ruscinensis, Mesopithecus monspessulanus (40113)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.58Tanzania (Eastern Drift Valley) Paracolobus sp. (32050)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.58Uganda Paracolobus sp. (22256)
Zanclean - Piacenzian5.333 - 2.58Kenya Cercopithecoides kerioensis (22235)
Zanclean - Piacenzian5.333 - 2.58Tanzania Paracolobus sp. (21830)
Zanclean - Pliocene5.333 - 2.58Kenya Paracolobus chemeroni (22267 22281)
Pliocene - Calabrian5.333 - 0.774South Africa Cercopithecoides williamsi (21791)
Zanclean - Calabrian5.333 - 0.774Kenya Cercopithecoides sp. (21399 21417 21506) Colobus sp. (21369)
Pliocene - Pleistocene5.333 - 0.0117France (Auvergne-Rhône-Alps) Dolichopithecus arvernensis (44231)
Pliocene - Pleistocene5.333 - 0.0117South Africa Cercopithecoides williamsi (207105)
Zanclean - Pleistocene5.333 - 0.0117Ethiopia Paracolobus chemeroni (22197)
MN 145.09 - 4.16Ukraine Dolichopithecus ruscinensis (50908)
MN 145.09 - 4.16Bulgaria Dolichopithecus ruscinensis, Mesopithecus monspessulanus (71061)
MN 14 - MN 155.09 - 3.55Moldova Dolichopithecus ruscinensis (50915)
Ruscinian5.09 - 3.55Spain (Soria) Dolichopithecus ruscinensis (40548)
Ruscinian5.09 - 3.55Greece Dolichopithecus ruscinensis (214080)
Ruscinian5.09 - 3.55Romania Dolichopithecus sp. (40796)
Ruscinian5.09 - 3.55Italy (Tuscany) Mesopithecus monspessulanus (49333)
Ruscinian - Villafranchian5.09 - 1.8Hungary (Barany) Dolichopithecus sp. (35354)
MN 154.16 - 3.55Ukraine Dolichopithecus sp. (50941)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.58South Africa Cercopithecoides broomi (22340)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.58Greece (Grevena) Dolichopithecus sp. (182686 185859)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.58Kenya Cercopithecoides kimeui (21480 21530)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.58Ethiopia Paracolobus mutiwa, Rhinocolobus turkanaensis (21608 21640 22030) Rhinocolobus turkanaensis (21634 21783 21785 22031 22034)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.58Tanzania Paracolobus sp. (21789 21793 21798 21801 21807 21810 21812 21818 21831 21832)
Late/Upper Pliocene - Pleistocene3.6 - 0.0117South Africa Cercopithecoides williamsi (22332 22333)
MN 163.55 - 2.245France Dolichopithecus arvernensis (47099)
Villafranchian3.55 - 1.8Hungary Dolichopithecus arvernensis (35381)
Gelasian2.58 - 1.8Kenya Cercopithecoides williamsi (21420) Cercopithecoides williamsi, Cercopithecoides kimeui, Rhinocolobus turkanaensis (21398) Cercopithecoides williamsi, Rhinocolobus turkanaensis (21418 21504) Paracolobus mutiwa, Cercopithecoides williamsi, Cercopithecoides kimeui (21503) Rhinocolobus turkanaensis (21394 21457)
Gelasian2.58 - 1.8Ethiopia Paracolobus mutiwa (21547 21554 21568 21569 21592 21635 21651 21656 21673 21740 21751 21987 21988 22001 22013 22014 22018 22020) Paracolobus mutiwa, Rhinocolobus turkanaensis (21555 21607 21614 21617 21621 21632 21642 21668 21681 21682) Rhinocolobus turkanaensis (21553 21561 21605 21618 21625 21626 21633 21647 21657 21663 21670 21671 21674 21675 21684 21741 21747 21964 21994 22009 22017 22022)
Gelasian2.58 - 1.8Kenya (Rift Valley) Paracolobus mutiwa (21354)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.58 - 0.774China ( Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region) Presbytis sp., Rhinopithecus sp. (214689)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.58 - 0.774South Africa (Gauteng) Cercopithecoides williamsi (183152)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.58 - 0.774South Africa Cercopithecoides sp. (21824)
Gelasian - Calabrian2.58 - 0.774Kenya Cercopithecoides kimeui (21370 21396 21476) Cercopithecoides sp. (21500) Colobus sp. (21442 21456 21522)
Early/Lower Pleistocene - Middle Pleistocene2.58 - 0.129China (Sichuan) Rhinopithecus tingianus (226365)
Pleistocene2.58 - 0.0117Indonesia (Sumatra) Trachypithecus cristatus (192508)
Pleistocene2.58 - 0.0117South Africa Cercopithecoides williamsi (21825 22329)
Calabrian1.8 - 0.774Tanzania Cercopithecoides kimeui (21970 22041 22064)
Calabrian1.8 - 0.774Kenya Cercopithecoides sp. (21414) Colobus sp. (32060)
Calabrian - Chibanian1.8 - 0.129Indonesia (Jawa Timur) Presbytis cristatus (93521)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129China (Guangdong) Rhinopithecus tingianus (120834) Trachypithecus sp., Rhinopithecus sp., Pygathrix nemaeus, Trachypithecus phayrei (40341)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129France (Provence) Dolichopithecus arvernensis (48890)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Indonesia (East Java) Trachypithecus cristatus (192506 192507)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129China (Guangxi) Rhinopithecus sp. (235740)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Indonesia Presbytis aygula (192505)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Thailand (Chaiyaphum) Presbytis sp. (237787)
Middle Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene0.774 - 0.0117China (Hunan) Rhinopithecus roxellanae (36724)
Middle Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene0.774 - 0.0117Kenya Colobus sp. (22272 22276)
Middle Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene0.774 - 0.0117Ethiopia Colobus guereza (22129 22156) Colobus sp. (22138)
Middle Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene0.774 - 0.0117China (Guangxi) Presbytis sp. (235737)
Middle Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene0.774 - 0.0117China (Guangdong) Trachypithecus francois, Rhinopithecus sp., Pygathrix nemaeus, Trachypithecus phayrei, Presbytis sp. (13293)
Middle Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene0.774 - 0.0117Taiwan (Tainan) Rhinopithecus sp. (209017)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Thailand Trachypithecus obscurus (176214)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (high glacial)0.129 - 0.0117China (Hubei) Trachypithecus phayrei, Rhinopithecus lantianensis (92787)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene0.129 - 0.0Malaysia Presbytis sp., Trachypithecus cristatus (192522)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Indonesia (Java) Presbytis sp. (13738)