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Xerobatinae

Osteichthyes - Testudines - Testudinidae

Taxonomy
Xerobatinae was named by Agassiz (1857).

It was assigned to Testudinidae by Weems (2023).

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1857Xerobatinae Agassiz
2023Xerobatinae Weems

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
classOsteichthyes
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
RankNameAuthor
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
—Sauropsida
classReptilia
—Testudinata(Oppel 1811)
orderTestudinesBatsch 1788
suborderCryptodira
—Pantestudinoidea
superfamilyTestudinoidea
familyTestudinidaeBatsch 1788
subfamilyXerobatinaeAgassiz 1857
subfamilyXerobatinaeAgassiz 1857

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Subfm. †Xerobatinae Agassiz 1857
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G. †Hesperotestudo Williams 1950
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†Hesperotestudo bermudae Meylan and Sterrer 2000
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Invalid names: Testudo sellardsi Hay 1916 [synonym]
†Hesperotestudo ducateli Collins and Lynn 1936
†Hesperotestudo harrisi Lichtig and Lucas 2022
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Invalid names: Geochelone nordensis Holman 1973 [synonym], Testudo rexroadensis Oelrich 1952 [synonym], Xerobates cyclopygius Cope 1878 [synonym]
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Invalid names: Caryoderma snovianum Cope 1886 [synonym], Testudo arenivaga Hay 1906 [synonym], Testudo farri Hay 1908 [synonym], Testudo impensa Hay 1908 [synonym]
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Invalid names: Geochelone alleni Auffenberg 1966 [synonym], Geochelone johnstoni Auffenberg 1962 [synonym], Geochelone mlynarskii Auffenberg 1988 [synonym], Geochelone oelrichi Holman 1972 [synonym], Testudo incisa Hay 1916 [synonym], Testudo riggsi Hibbard 1944 [synonym], Testudo wilsoni Milstead 1956 [synonym]
†Hesperotestudo williamsi Auffenberg 1964
Invalid names: Caudochelys Auffenberg 1963 [synonym], Eupachemys Leidy 1877 [nomen dubium], Testudo tedwhitei Williams 1953 [nomen dubium]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: terrestrialf
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: ground dwellingf
Diet: herbivoref
Diet 2: herbivoref
Reproduction: oviparousf
Created: 2005-08-26 07:16:55
Modified: 2005-09-09 16:16:46
Source: f = family, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988, Ernst and Barbour 1989

Age range: base of the Uintan to the top of the Rancholabrean or 45.90000 to 0.01400 Ma

Collections (105 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Early/Lower Uintan45.9 - 39.7USA (Utah) Hesperotestudo sp. (186888)
Uintan45.9 - 39.7USA (Utah) Hesperotestudo sp. (186896)
Whitneyan31.8 - 29.5USA (South Dakota) Hesperotestudo sp. (185698)
Arikareean29.5 - 18.5USA (South Dakota) Hesperotestudo sp. (17517)
Late/Upper Oligocene27.3 - 23.04USA (Virginia) Hesperotestudo wilsoni (167203)
Harrisonian23.1 - 18.5USA (Nebraska) Testudo arenivaga (17735 195408)
Miocene23.04 - 5.333USA (Texas) Testudo crassiscutata (190386)
Miocene - Pleistocene23.04 - 0.0117USA (Texas) Testudo turgida (99818)
Burdigalian20.45 - 15.98USA (Delaware) Hesperotestudo wilsoni (18579)
Burdigalian20.45 - 15.98USA (Maryland) Hesperotestudo williamsi (71810)
Hemingfordian18.5 - 16.3USA (Florida) Hesperotestudo sp. (18561) Testudo tedwhitei (18597)
Hemingfordian18.5 - 16.3USA (Texas) Testudinata indet. (18626)
Hemingfordian18.5 - 16.3USA (Nebraska) Testudo angusticeps (18001)
Hemingfordian - Barstovian18.5 - 12.5USA (Colorado) Testudo osborniana (191836)
Barstovian16.3 - 12.5USA (New Mexico) Hesperotestudo harrisi (225602)
Barstovian16.3 - 12.5USA (Montana) Testudo farri (191916)
Barstovian16.3 - 12.5USA (Nebraska) Geochelone orthopygia (18141 18165 18275 18442) Geochelone orthopygia, Geochelone nordensis (18223 18284) Testudo orthopygia (18123)
Early/Lower Barstovian - early Late Barstovian16.3 - 12.5USA (California) Hesperotestudo sp. (156738)
Langhian15.98 - 13.82USA (Maryland) Hesperotestudo ducateli (70819) Testudo ducateli (100213)
Clarendonian12.5 - 9.4USA (Texas) Hesperotestudo sp. (18610 18611 18623)
Clarendonian12.5 - 9.4USA (Nebraska) Hesperotestudo orthopygia (188779) Testudinidae indet. (18324)
Clarendonian12.5 - 9.4USA (Kansas) Geochelone orthopygia (18450)
Early/Lower Clarendonian12.5 - 9.4USA (Florida) Hesperotestudo sp. (161374)
Clarendonian - Hemphillian12.5 - 4.7USA (Oklahoma) Hesperotestudo sp. (70119)
Clarendonian - Pliocene12.5 - 2.58USA (Oklahoma) Hesperotestudo sp. (170193)
Late/Upper Miocene11.63 - 5.333Canada (Yukon) Hesperotestudo sp. (206138)
Late/Upper Miocene - Early/Lower Pliocene11.63 - 3.6USA (California) Hesperotestudo orthopygia (183467 183468 183469 183470 183471)
Tortonian - Zanclean11.63 - 3.6USA (Kansas) Xerobates undata (191555)
Hemphillian9.4 - 4.7Costa Rica Hesperotestudo sp. (240851)
Hemphillian9.4 - 4.7USA (Florida) Geochelone alleni (18545 18560) Geochelone sp. (18601) Geochelone turgida (18556)
Hemphillian9.4 - 4.7USA (Montana) Testudo impensa (191918)
Late/Upper Hemphillian9.4 - 4.7USA (Oklahoma) Testudo riggsi (18076)
Late/Upper Hemphillian9.4 - 4.7USA (Texas) Geochelone sp. (18036)
Late/Upper Hemphillian - Blancan9.4 - 1.4USA (Tennessee) Hesperotestudo sp. (26574)
Late/Upper Hemphillian - Blancan9.4 - 1.4USA (Indiana) Hesperotestudo sp. (18320)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.58USA (California) Hesperotestudo orthopygia (67489)
Blancan4.7 - 1.4USA (Texas) Geochelone johnstoni (20033)
Blancan4.7 - 1.4USA (Nebraska) Geochelone oelrichi (19954) Geochelone oelrichi, Geochelone sp. (19963)
Blancan4.7 - 1.4USA (Arizona) Geochelone sp. (19618)
Blancan4.7 - 1.4USA (New Mexico) Hesperotestudo sp. (19968 230461)
Blancan4.7 - 1.4USA (Florida) Hesperotestudo sp. (113275)
Blancan4.7 - 1.4USA (Kansas) Testudo rexroadensis (19936 19940)
Blancan4.7 - 1.4Mexico (Baja California Sur) Geochelone sp. (19673)
Blancan - Irvingtonian4.7 - 0.21El Salvador Hesperotestudo crassiscutata (70118)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.58USA (Texas) Testudo turgida (191451)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.58USA (Kansas) Testudo riggsi (99819)
Piacenzian - Gelasian3.6 - 1.8USA (California) Hesperotestudo sp. (166974)
Late/Upper Pliocene - Early/Lower Pleistocene3.6 - 0.774USA (Nebraska) Geochelone oelrichi (191910)
Pleistocene2.58 - 0.0117USA (Florida) Hesperotestudo crassiscutata (227368) Hesperotestudo sp. (206227) Testudo incisa (195410)
Pleistocene2.58 - 0.0117USA (Texas) Testudo crassiscutata (85137 196056)
Irvingtonian1.4 - 0.21USA (California) Hesperotestudo sp. (28222)
Irvingtonian1.4 - 0.21USA (Texas) Geochelone sp. (20342)
Irvingtonian1.4 - 0.21USA (Florida) Geochelone crassiscutata, Geochelone sp. (20400) Geochelone mlynarskii (20289) Hesperotestudo crassiscutata (20402) Hesperotestudo mlynarsii, Hesperotestudo crassiscutata (58089) Hesperotestudo sp. (26550)
Irvingtonian1.4 - 0.21USA (South Carolina) Hesperotestudo indet. (79919)
Rancholabrean0.21 - 0.014Mexico (Hidalgo) Hesperotestudo sp. (113410)
Rancholabrean0.21 - 0.014USA (Florida) Geochelone crassiscutata, Geochelone incisa (20491) Hesperotestudo crassiscutata (20440) Testudo sellardsi (180339)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Georgia) Hesperotestudo crassicutata, Hesperotestudo incisa (20604) Hesperotestudo incisa (20613)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (glacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Florida) Geochelone crassiscutata (154921)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (high glacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Texas) Geochelone crassiscutata (93103)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Texas) Hesperotestudo sp. (230753) Testudo wilsoni (79632)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Mississippi) Geochelone crassiscutata (164397)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Florida) Geochelone crassiscutata, Geochelone incisa (154805) Hesperotestudo crassiscutata (154804) Testudo sellardsi (34269)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (glacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Mississippi) Geochelone crassiscutata (164396)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Florida) Hesperotestudo incisa (154722)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Bermuda Hesperotestudo bermudae (190749)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (glacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Texas) Geochelone wilsoni (76101)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Florida) Geochelone crassiscutata (79667) Testudo sellardsi (20616)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (high glacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (New Mexico) Geochelone wilsoni (76059)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Georgia) Hesperotestudo sp., Hesperotestudo crassiscutata (75066)