PBDB Taxon

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Montlivaltiidae

Anthozoa - Scleractinia - Montlivaltiidae

Discussion

It appears that Montlivaltiidae and Thecosmiliidae have become entangled in the PBDB namespace. Because they are generally considered synonyms, I have done my best to have Thecosmiliidae take precedence.

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Taxonomy

Montlivaltiidae was named by Felix (1900). It is not extant. Its type is Thecosmilia.

It was corrected as Thecosmiliidae by Duncan (1884), Lathuilière (2024).

It was assigned to Faviicae by Wells (1956); to Faviina by Turnsek (1997); to Astraeoina by Morycowa and Misik (2005); and to Scleractinia by Duncan (1884), Baron-Szabo et al. (2003), Lathuilière (2024).

Synonyms

Montlivaltiinae was named by Dietrich (1926).

It was considered an invalid subgroup of Thecosmiliidae by Vasseur et al. (2021).

It was assigned to Montlivaltiidae by Wells (1956).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1884	Thecosmiliidae Duncan
1900	Montlivaltiidae Felix
1926	Montlivaltiinae Dietrich
1956	Montlivaltiidae Wells
1956	Montlivaltiinae Wells
1997	Montlivaltiidae Turnsek
2003	Montlivaltiidae Baron-Szabo et al.
2005	Montlivaltiidae Morycowa and Misik
2024	Thecosmiliidae Lathuilière

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
phylum	Cnidaria	Hatschek 1888
class	Anthozoa	Ehrenberg 1834
—	Hexacorallia	()
order	Scleractinia	Bourne 1900

Rank	Name	Author
suborder	Faviina	Vaughan and Wells 1943
superfamily	Faviicae	Gregory 1900
family	Montlivaltiidae	Felix 1900
family	Montlivaltiidae	Felix 1900

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Fm. †Montlivaltiidae Felix 1900

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G. †Anisastraea

G. †Brevimaeandra Babaev 1964

†Brevimaeandra alizadei Babaev 1964

G. †Ceratothecia Turnsek 1972

G. †Clausastrea D'Orbigny 1849

†Clausastraea consobrina d'Orbigny 1850

†Clausastraea costata de Fromentel 1861

†Clausastraea dubia de Fromentel 1861

†Clausastraea limitata de Fromentel 1861

†Clausastraea parva Milne-Edwards and Haime 1857

†Clausastrea alloiteaui Morycowa 1964

†Clausastrea alnisensis Alloiteau 1960

†Clausastrea arnaudi Alloiteau 1960

†Clausastrea bellomontensis Alloiteau 1960

†Clausastrea bohemoslovaka Eliasova 1976

†Clausastrea bolzei Alloiteau 1960

†Clausastrea calloviensis Koby 1887

†Clausastrea costata de Fromentel 1861

†Clausastrea daschkessanica Babayev 1973

†Clausastrea dichotoma Koby 1885

†Clausastrea dubia de Fromentel 1861

†Clausastrea edwardsi de Fromentel 1861

†Clausastrea eliasovae Ricci et al. 2018

†Clausastrea julistephanovi Zlatarski 1967

†Clausastrea korthensis Bendukidze 1949

†Clausastrea lamellostriata Michelin 1841

†Clausastrea magna Reig Oriol 1997

†Clausastrea neuvicensis Alloiteau 1960

†Clausastrea plana de Fromentel 1877

†Clausastrea pseudoconfluens Eliasova 1976

†Clausastrea querolensis Alloiteau 1960

†Clausastrea radisensis Alloiteau 1960

†Clausastrea saltensis Alloiteau 1960

†Clausastrea superficialis Alloiteau 1960

†Clausastrea tesselata d'Orbigny 1857

†Clausastrea tessellata D'Orbigny 1849

†Clausastrea topalensis Roniewicz 1976

Invalid names: Maeandramorpha Babayev 1973 [synonym]

G. †Coenotheca Quenstedt 1881

G. †Complexastraeopsis Morycowa 1974

†Complexastraeopsis kouteki Eliasova 1976

G. †Complexastrea D'Orbigny 1849

†Complexastraea sobkoviensis Roniewicz 1960

†Complexastrea carpathica Morycowa 1974

†Complexastrea conybearei Milne-Edwards and Haime 1851

†Complexastrea coronata Sikharulidze 1985

†Complexastrea cotteaui d'Orbigny 1847

Invalid names: Isastrea conybearii Milne-Edwards and Haime 1851 [synonym]

†Complexastrea dabroviensis Morycowa 2012

†Complexastrea dobroljubovae Bendukidze 1982

†Complexastrea hemisphaerica Geyer 1954

†Complexastrea kachensis Gregory 1900

†Complexastrea kobyi Beauvais 1966

†Complexastrea magna Morycowa 2012

†Complexastrea major Meyer 1888

†Complexastrea multisepta Stoliczka 1873

†Complexastrea ngariensis He and Xiao 1990

†Complexastrea seriata Turnsek 1972

Invalid names: Complexastrea lobata Geyer 1965 [synonym]

†Complexastrea thevenini Étallon 1859

†Complexastrea zolleriana Quenstedt 1858

Invalid names: Complexastraeopsis Sikharulidze 1985 [synonym]

G. †Confusastrea D'Orbigny 1849

†Confusastraea burgundiae de Blainville 1830

†Confusastraea corallina de Fromentel 1861

†Confusastraea depressa Koby 1885

†Confusastraea rustica Defrance 1826

†Confusastrea cottaldina d'Orbigny 1850

†Confusastrea cotteaui d'Orbigny 1861

†Confusastrea cupulina d'Orbigny 1850

†Confusastrea depressa Koby 1885

†Confusastrea dianthus Etallon and Thurmann 1864

†Confusastrea inaequalis d'Orbigny 1850

†Confusastrea kobyi Beauvais 1966

†Confusastrea subburgundiae d'Orbigny 1850

G. †Cyathophyllia Fromentel 1865

†Cyathophyllia cretacaea Beauvais and M'Rabet 1977

G. †Cyathophylliopsis Beauvais 1970

†Cyathophylliopsis canadiensis Beauvais 1982

†Cyathophylliopsis delabechei Milne-Edwards and Haime 1851

G. †Dimorphocoenia de Fromentel 1857

†Dimorphocoenia corallina Étallon 1859

†Dimorphocoenia crassisepta d'Orbigny 1850

†Dimorphocoenia hellenensis Beauvais 1972

†Dimorphocoenia izvoralbensis Morycowa 1971

†Dimorphocoenia jurassica Babaev 1965

†Dimorphocoenia kaufmanni Koby 1897

†Dimorphocoenia multitabulata Morycowa 1971

†Dimorphocoenia shachverdljarensis Babayev 1970

†Dimorphocoenia solomkoae Bendukidze 1961

†Dimorphocoenia xipei Felix 1891

G. †Dimorphocoeniopsis Zlatarski 1967

†Dimorphocoeniopsis alpina Koby 1895

†Dimorphocoeniopsis beauvaisorum Zlatarski 1967

Invalid names: Monocyclastraea Kusmicheva 1972 [synonym]

G. †Elasmophyllia d'Achiardi 1875

†Elasmophyllia andreaei Volz 1986

†Elasmophyllia deformis Reuss 1854

†Elasmophyllia gigantea d'Achiardi 1875

†Elasmophyllia milchi Volz 1896

Invalid names: Dordonophyllia Alloiteau 1957 [synonym]

G. †Goldfussastraea Beauvais 1964

G. †Goldfussastrea Beauvais 1964

†Goldfussastrea heidenheimensis Beauvais 1964

†Goldfussastrea toarciensis Beauvais 1986

†Goldfussastrea variabilis Ferry 1861

G. †Isastrea Milne-Edwards and Haime 1851

†Isastraea arachnoidea de Koninck 1863

†Isastraea azzarolae Stoppani 1865

†Isastraea bastiani Stoppani 1865

†Isastraea bernardi d'Orbigny 1850

†Isastraea blandina d'Orbigny 1850

†Isastraea burgundiae de Fromentel 1861

†Isastraea cabanetana d'Orbigny 1850

†Isastraea conferta Duncan 1863

†Isastraea corallina d'Orbigny 1850

†Isastraea dissimilis Michelin 1846

†Isastraea dubia d'Orbigny 1850

†Isastraea excavata d'Orbigny 1850

†Isastraea explanulata M'Coy 1848

†Isastraea favosiformis Bendukidze 1949

†Isastraea grandis d'Orbigny 1850

†Isastraea henocquii Milne Edwards and Haime 1851

†Isastraea koechlini Milne-Edwards and Haime 1857

†Isastraea martini de Fromentel 1861

†Isastraea moneta d'Orbigny 1850

†Isastraea mosensis d'Orbigny 1850

†Isastraea munsteri Milne-Edwards and Haime 1849

†Isastraea noe d'Orbigny 1850

†Isastraea oblonga Fleming 1828

†Isastraea ornata d'Orbigny 1850

†Isastraea perforata de Fromentel 1861

†Isastraea portlandica de Fromentel 1856

†Isastraea propinqua Etallon 1864

†Isastraea striata d'Orbigny 1850

†Isastraea turbinata Duncan 1863

†Isastrea alimena d'Orbigny 1849

†Isastrea angulosa Goldfuss 1826

†Isastrea angustata d'Orbigny 1850

†Isastrea bernardi Koby 1886

†Isastrea bernardiana d'Orbigny 1850

†Isastrea bernensis Etallon and Thurmann 1864

†Isastrea browni Duncan 1872

†Isastrea cesarensis Beauvais 1966

†Isastrea collignoni Alloiteau 1958

†Isastrea condeana Chapuis and Dewalque 1853

†Isastrea crassa Goldfuss 1826

†Isastrea crassisepta Becker and Milaschewitsch 1875

†Isastrea decorata Meyer 1888

†Isastrea deligata Alloiteau 1958

†Isastrea elegans Stoliczka 1873

†Isastrea excentrica Beauvais 1972

†Isastrea explanata Muenster 1829

†Isastrea explanulata Milne-Edwards and Haime 1850

†Isastrea fallax Milne Edwards and Haime 1857

†Isastrea fasciata Etallon and Thurmann 1864

†Isastrea foliacea de Fromentel 1856

†Isastrea fromenteli Koby 1885

†Isastrea goldfussi Koby 1885

†Isastrea grandiflora Etallon and Thurmann 1864

†Isastrea greppini Koby 1885

†Isastrea gresslyi Etallon and Thurmann 1864

†Isastrea helianthoides Goldfuss 1826

Invalid names: Isastrea greenoughi Milne-Edwards and Haime 1854 [synonym]

†Isastrea hemisphaerica Gregory 1900

†Isastrea hourcqi Alloiteau 1958

†Isastrea incerta Alloiteau 1958

†Isastrea jurensis Étallon 1859

†Isastrea kosodeensis Eguchi 1951

†Isastrea limitata Michelin 1846

†Isastrea lonsdalii Milne Edwards and Haime 1851

†Isastrea marcoui Koby 1885

†Isastrea matumotoi Eguchi 1944

†Isastrea nantuacumensis Beauvais 1966

†Isastrea neocomiensis de Fromentel 1857

†Isastrea octogona Greppin 1867

†Isastrea orbignyi Chapuis and Dewalque 1853

†Isastrea parva Étallon 1859

†Isastrea parvistella Alloiteau 1958

†Isastrea propinqua Etallon and Thurmann 1864

†Isastrea qingyanensis Qi and Stanley 1989

†Isastrea rariseptata Liao 1982

†Isastrea richardsoni Milne-Edwards and Haime 1851

†Isastrea robusta Morycowa and Misik 2005

†Isastrea salinensis Koby 1885

†Isastrea sinemuriensis Fromentel 1860

†Isastrea splendida Laube 1865

†Isastrea sugiyamai Eguchi 1951

†Isastrea superficialis Alloiteau 1958

†Isastrea taruensis Eguchi 1951

†Isastrea tenuisepta Koby 1885

†Isastrea tenuistriata MacCoy 1848

†Isastrea whitneyi Wells 1932

†Isastrea yuraensis Eguchi 1951

†Prionastrea goldfussiana d'Orbigny 1850

Invalid names: Dermosastraea Beauvais 1970 [synonym], Parisastraea Alloiteau 1958 [synonym], Placastrea Stoliczka 1873 [synonym]

G. †Kobyphyllia Baron-Szabo and Fernández-Mendiola 1997

†Kobyphyllia acrisionae Felix 1903

†Kobyphyllia recta Koby 1884

†Kobyphyllia straini Turnsek et al. 2003

G. †Mapucheastrea Morsch 1996

†Mapucheastrea andina Morsch 1996

G. †Margarastreopsis Beauvais 1964

†Margarastreopsis confluens Goldfuss 1826

G. †Nerthastraea Chevalier 1961

†Nerthastraea orbignyi Chevalier 1961

G. †Neuquinosmilia Morsch 1991

†Neuquinosmilia gerthi Morsch 1996

†Neuquinosmilia lospozonensis Morsch 1991

G. †Paraclausastraea Zlatarski 1968

†Paraclausastrea chevalieri Zlatarski 1968

†Paraclausastrea grandidentata Zlatarski 1968

†Paraclausastrea kaufmanni Koby 1897

†Paraclausastrea pulchra Morycowa and Masse 1998

†Paraclausastrea valclusensis Morycowa and Masse 1998

†Paraclausastrea vorarlbergensis Baron-Szabo 2015

G. †Paraphyllogyra Beauvais 1970

G. †Peplosmilia Milne-Edwards and Haime 1850

†Peplosmilia austeni Milne-Edwards and Haime 1850

†Peplosmilia corallina de Fromentel 1861

†Peplosmilia fromenteli Angelis d'Ossat 1905

†Peplosmilia latona Felix 1903

Invalid names: Placosmilia robusta Umbgrove 1925 [synonym]

†Peplosmilia portlandica de Fromentel 1856

†Peplosmilia stutzi Koby 1895

Invalid names: Peplosmilia infundibuliformis Alloiteau 1936 [synonym], Pleurosmilia hennigi Dietrich 1926 [synonym], Pleurosmilia neocomiensis Fromentel and Ferry 1861 [synonym]

†Peplosmilia triasica Laube 1865

G. †Placosmilia Milne-Edwards and Haime 1848

†Placosmilia bilobata d'Achiardi 1868

†Placosmilia bofilli Vidal 1921

†Placosmilia bojnicensis Alloiteau 1949

†Placosmilia copoyensis Frost and Langenheim, Jr. 1974

†Placosmilia corallina de Fromentel 1861

†Placosmilia cornu Oppenheim 1901

†Placosmilia elliptica d'Achiardi 1875

†Placosmilia fenestrata Felix 1900

†Placosmilia fimbriata Michelin 1842

†Placosmilia gracilis Felix 1903

†Placosmilia limburgica De Gruyter 1944

†Placosmilia martini Michelin 1846

Invalid names: Placosmilia turonensis de Fromentel 1877 [synonym]

†Placosmilia pethoi Pratz 1910

†Placosmilia polygonata Oppenheim 1901

†Placosmilia sinuosa Reuss 1854

Invalid names: Phragmosmilia psecadiophora Felix 1903 [synonym]

†Placosmilia urgoniensis Koby 1895

Invalid names: Placosmiliopsis Beauvais 1982 [synonym]

G. †Plesiophyllia Koby 1884

G. †Puschastraea Roniewicz 1966

†Puchastraea maudensis Beauvais 1982

†Puschastraea kamiennae Roniewicz 1966

†Puschastraea kokhensis Bendukidze 1982

G. †Rhabdophyllia Milne-Edwards and Haime 1851

†Rhabdophyllia bartalini Stoppani 1865

†Rhabdophyllia bernardina d'Orbigny 1850

†Rhabdophyllia budense Kolosvary 1949

†Rhabdophyllia edwardsi Michelin 1843

†Rhabdophyllia elegans de Fromentel 1861

†Rhabdophyllia flexuosa Roniewicz 1976

†Rhabdophyllia grandis de Fromentel 1861

†Rhabdophyllia indica Duncan 1880

†Rhabdophyllia kimmeridgiensis de Fromentel 1861

†Rhabdophyllia meneghini Stoppani 1865

†Rhabdophyllia micheloti de Fromentel 1861

†Rhabdophyllia nariensis Duncan 1880

†Rhabdophyllia nodosa d'Orbigny 1850

†Rhabdophyllia oshimaensis Eguchi 1951

†Rhabdophyllia phaceloida Beauvais 1986

†Rhabdophyllia phillipsi Milne-Edwards and Haime 1851

†Rhabdophyllia portlandica de Fromentel 1861

†Rhabdophyllia recondita Laube 1865

†Rhabdophyllia retiformans Kühn 1933

†Rhabdophyllia simplex d'Orbigny 1850

†Rhabdophyllia undata d'Orbigny 1850

G. †Thecomeandra Eliasova 1973

†Thecomeandra celtica Eliasova 1976

†Thecomeandra remesi Eliasova 1973

†Thecomeandra vallieri Stanley, Jr. and Beauvais 1990

G. †Trochophyllia Alloiteau 1952

†Trochophyllia melania Fromentel 1864

†Trochophyllia ogilvieae d'Ossat 1905

†Trochophyllia rara Prever 1909

Invalid names: Trochosmilia communis Prever 1909 [synonym], Trochosmilia polymorpha Prever 1909 [synonym]

†Trochophyllia tourtiensis Boelsche 1871

G. †Trochosmilia Milne-Edwards and Haime 1848

Subg. †Trochosmilia (Ellipsosmilia) d'Orbigny 1849

†Ellipsosmilia circumvelata Quenstedt 1852

†Ellipsosmilia rugosa Milaschewitsch 1876

†Trochosmilia (Ellipsosmilia) granulifera Gabb 1864

†Trochosmilia acutimargo Reuss 1872

†Trochosmilia arguta Reuss 1868

†Trochosmilia asiatica Kuzmicheva 1982

†Trochosmilia beyrichi Felix 1884

†Trochosmilia camura Stoliczka 1873

†Trochosmilia cernua Goldfuss 1826

†Trochosmilia corallina d'Orbigny 1850

†Trochosmilia corniculum Michelin 1846

†Trochosmilia cristata Duncan 1880

†Trochosmilia delicatissima Kühn 1933

†Trochosmilia excelsa Koby 1881

†Trochosmilia faujasi Milne-Edwards and Haime 1848

Invalid names: Cyathoceras ellipticus Wu 1975 [synonym]

†Trochosmilia inflata Koby 1881

†Trochosmilia liasica Quenstedt 1852

†Trochosmilia lorioli Koby 1895

†Trochosmilia minuta Reuss 1868

†Trochosmilia moorei Wells 1933

†Trochosmilia multisinuosa Michelin 1846

†Trochosmilia oldhami Duncan 1880

†Trochosmilia orientalis Eguchi 1951

†Trochosmilia osensis Vidal 1921

†Trochosmilia persica Kühn 1933

†Trochosmilia poculum de Fromentel 1861

†Trochosmilia stainbrooki Wells 1933

†Trochosmilia transitoria Pratz 1910

Invalid names: Edwardsosmilia Alloiteau 1949 [synonym]

Invalid names: Placosmiliinae Alloiteau 1952 [empty]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

aragonitesubo

Grouping:

colonialf

Clonal:

yesf

Environment:

marineo

Locomotion:

stationarysubo

Attached:

yessubo

Life habit:

intermediate-level epifaunalo

Diet:

photosymbioticf

Diet 2:

suspension feederf

Vision:

blindc

Reproduction:

alternatingo

Asexual:

yeso

Dispersal:

watero

Dispersal 2:

planktonico

Created:

2008-02-05 11:59:19

Modified:

2008-02-05 13:59:19

Source: f = family, subo = suborder, o = order, c = class

References: Kiessling 2008, Kiessling 2004

Age range: base of the Illyrian to the top of the Late/Upper Pliocene or 243.33000 to 2.58000 Ma

Collections (647 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Oldest occurrences
Illyrian - Fassanian	243.33 - 239.48	Italy (South Tyrol)	Rhabdophyllia recondita (205128)
Longobardian	239.48 - 237.0	China (Guizhou)	Elasmophyllia milchi (78652)
Carnian	237.0 - 227.3	Italy (South Tyrol)	Isastraea sp. (205149)
Carnian	237.0 - 227.3	Japan	Isastraea sp. (38133)
Carnian	237.0 - 227.3	Italy	Isastraea ampezzana (38162)
Late/Upper Triassic	237.0 - 201.4	USA (Alaska)	Isastraea sp. (40683)
Norian	227.3 - 205.7	Timor-Leste	Isastrea boehmi (21180)
Norian	227.3 - 205.7	USA (Alaska)	Isastrea sp. (112342)
Sevatian - Rhaetian	211.18 - 201.4	Indonesia	Isastrea seranica, Isastrea alfurica (34893)
Rhaetian	205.7 - 201.4	Italy (Lombardy)	Rhabdophyllia bartalini, Isastraea azzarolae, Isastraea bastiani (38083) Rhabdophyllia meneghini (38115)
Youngest occurrences
Time interval	Ma	Country or state	PBDB collection number
Aquitanian	23.04 - 20.45	France	Nerthastraea orbignyi (70315)
Early/Lower Miocene	23.04 - 15.98	Brazil (Para)	Placosmilia sp. (65162 84329)
Early/Lower Miocene	23.04 - 15.98	Indonesia (Java)	Trochosmilia progoensis (62860)
Aquitanian - Serravallian	23.04 - 11.63	Libya	Nerthastraea sp., Nerthastraea orbignyi (34499)
Miocene	23.04 - 5.333	Indonesia	Rhabdophyllia indica (109101)
Burdigalian	20.45 - 15.98	Iran	Trochosmilia progoensis (25257) Trochosmilia sp. (25256)
Burdigalian	20.45 - 15.98	Iran (Kerman)	Rhabdophyllia indica (87117) Rhabdophyllia retiformans, Trochosmilia delicatissima, Trochosmilia persica (87114)
Burdigalian	20.45 - 15.98	France	Nerthastraea sp. (163838)
Late/Upper Miocene	11.63 - 5.333	Indonesia	Placosmilia sp. (108813 108814)
Early/Lower Pliocene - Late/Upper Pliocene	5.333 - 2.58	Costa Rica	Isastrea sp. (198247)