Basic info Taxonomic history Classification Included Taxa
Morphology Ecology and taphonomy External Literature Search Age range and collections

Cyclostomi

Cyclostomi

Taxonomy
Cyclostomi was named by Duméril (1806).

It was reranked as the class Cyclostomi by Huang (2024).

It was assigned to Vertebrata by Miyashita et al. (2019); and to Chordata by Huang (2024).

Subtaxa
Cyclostomata (syn. Marsipobranchii), Squirmarius
Entered
by M. Uhen on 2019-04-01; modified by M. Uhen on 2019-04-02

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1806Cyclostomi Duméril p. 2147
2019Cyclostomi Miyashita et al. p. 2147
2024Cyclostomi Huang p. 2259

Is something missing? Join the Paleobiology Database and enter the data

RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
RankNameAuthor
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
classCyclostomi(Duméril 1806)
classCyclostomi(Duméril 1806)

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Cl. †Cyclostomi Duméril 1806
show all | hide all
Subcl. Cyclostomata Richards
hide
Cl. †Anaspida Traquair
+
+
Fm. †Pharyngolepididae Kiær 1924
+
G. †Pharyngolepis Kiaer 1911
Fm. †Pterygolepididae Obruchev 1964
+
G. †Pterygolepis Kiaer 1911
Fm. †Ramsaasalepididae Blom et al. 2003
+
G. †Ramsaasalepis Blom and Marss 2003
Fm. †Septentrioniidae Blom et al. 2002
+
G. †Septentrionia Blom et al. 2001
Fm. †Tahulalepididae Blom et al. 2002
+
G. †Tahulalepis Blom et al. 2001
Invalid names: Rhyncholepididae Kiaer 1924 [empty]
Or. Birkeniida Berg 1937
+
G. †Cowielepis Blom 2008
+
†Cowielepis ritchiei Blom 2008
+
Fm. †Birkeniidae Traquair 1899
+
G. †Birkenia
G. †Ctenopleuron Mathew 1907
G. †Kerreralepis BLOM 2012
G. †Rhyncholepis Kiaer 1911
+
Fm. †Endeiolepididae Stensiö 1939
+
G. †Endeiolepis Stensiö 1939
Or. †Conodontophorida Eichenberg 1930
+
G. †Angulodus
G. †Axiothea
G. †Cambropustula Müller and Hinz 1991
G. †Coelocerodontus Ethington 1959
+
†Coelocerodontus trigonius Ethington 1959
Cl. †Conodonta Pander 1856 [conodont]
+
G. †Acodina Stauffer
+
†Acodina cuspidata Stauffer 1940
†Acodina inoptinata Stauffer 1938
+
Invalid names: Acodina concava Stauffer 1940 [synonym], Acodina lirata Stauffer 1940 [synonym], Acodina ursa Stauffer 1940 [synonym]
G. †Aldridgeodus Calner et al. 2008
+
†Aldridgeodus minimus Calner et al. 2008
G. †Aldridgeognathus Miller et al. 2017
+
†Aldridgeognathus manniki Miller et al. 2017
G. †Ancidontus Chen and Gong 1986
G. †Ancyrogondolella Budurov 1972
+
G. †Apteracontiodus Bauer 2010
+
Or. †Belodellida Sweet 1988
+
Fm. †Ansellidae Fåhræus and Hunter 1985
Fm. †Belodellidae Khodalevich and Tschernich 1973
G. †Besselodus Aldridge 1982
Fm. †Dapsilodontidae Sweet 1988
G. †Branmehla Haas 1959
G. †Chengyuania Kozur 1994
+
Invalid names: Pseudogondolella Kozur 1990 [replaced]
Fm. †Coleodontidae Branson and Mehl 1944
+
G. †Archaeognathus Cullison 1938
G. †Coleodus Branson and Mehl 1933
G. †Mixoconus Sweet 1955
G. †Neocoleodus Branson and Mehl 1933
G. †Stereoconus Branson and Mehl 1933
Invalid names: Archaeognathidae Miller 1969 [synonym]
G. †Cooperignathus Zhen et al. 2003
G. †Costiconus Rasmussen 2001
+
†Costiconus costatus Dzik 1976
†Costiconus ethingtoni Fåhræus 1966
†Costiconus iniquus Viira 1974
G. †Dasytodus Chen and Gong 1986
+
†Dasytodus transmutatus Xu and Xiang 1983
G. †Diaphanodus Bagnoli 1987
+
†Diaphanodus compressus Chen and Gong 1986
Invalid names: Stenodontus Chen and Gong 1986 [replaced], Vanwamelodus Apollonov 1984 [replaced]
+
†Dischidognathus primus Ethington and Clark 1982
G. †Dolborodina Moskalenko 2003
+
†Dolborodina juktaliensis Moskalenko 1973
G. †Enantiognathus Mosher and Clark 1965
+
Invalid names: Enantiognathus ziegleri Diebel 1956 [nomen dubium]
G. †Eofalodus Harris 1962
Infracl. †Euconodonta Janvier 1997
+
Or. †Proconodontida Sweet 1988
G. †Fahraeosodus Stouge and Bagnoli 1988
G. †Falcodus Huddle 1934
+
†Falcodus secundus Youngquist 1945
†Falcodus ultimus Branson and Mehl 1934
G. †Gagievodus Baranov and Al'khovik 2003
G. †Gobduntaulepis Doweld 2014
+
†Gobduntaulepis bispinatus Pianovskij 1989
Invalid names: Acantholepis Pianovskij 1989 [replaced]
G. †Iowagnathus Liu et al. 2017
+
†Iowagnathus grandis Liu et al. 2017
G. †Llandoverygnathus Walliser 1972
G. †Lundodus Bagnoli and Stouge 1997
+
†Lundodus gladiatus Lindström 1955
G. †Minimodus Rasmussen 2001
+
†Minimodus maocaopus Zhang 1998
G. †Nasusgnathus Ni 1983
+
G. †Noixodontus McCracken and Barnes 1982
G. †Omanognathus Miller et al. 2017
+
†Omanognathus daiqaensis Miller et al. 2017
G. †Oslodus Zhang 1998
+
Or. †Ozarkodinida Dzik 1976
+
Fm. †Anchignathodontidae Clark 1972
Fm. †Elictognathidae Austin and Rhodes 1981
Fm. †Ellisoniidae Clark 1972
Fm. †Gondolellidae Lindstrom 1970
+
Invalid names: Xaniognathidae Sweet 1981 [synonym]
Superfm. †Gondolelloidea Lindstrom 1970
Fm. †Idiognathodontidae Harris and Hollingsworth 1933
Fm. †Kockelellidae Klapper 1981
G. †Microzarkodina Lindström 1971
Subor. †Ozarkodinina Dzik 1976
Fm. †Palmatolepididae Sweet 1988
G. †Periodon Hadding 1913
+
Invalid names: Loxognathus Graves and Ellison 1941 [synonym]
Fm. †Pterospathodontidae Cooper 1977
Fm. †Spathognathodontidae Hass 1959
Fm. †Spathognathodontodae Hass 1959
Fm. †Vjalovognathidae Yuan et al. 2016
Invalid names: Gondolellidea Lindstroem 1970 [empty]
G. †Palmatodella Bassler 1925
+
†Palmatodella paridens Huddle 1934
Or. †Panderodontida Sweet 1988
+
G. †Cristodus
G. †Loxodus Furnish 1938
Fm. †Panderodontidae Lindström 1970
G. †Thrincodus Bauer 1987
G. †Pandorinella Müller and Müller 1957
+
†Pandorinella insita Stauffer 1940
Or. †Paraconodontida Müller 1962
+
G. †Bengtsonella Müller and Hinz 1991
G. †Furnishina Müller 1959
Superfm. †Furnishinacea Müller 1981
G. †Hertzina Mueller 1959
G. †Muellerodus Miller 1980
G. †Nogamiconus Miller 1980
G. †Phakelodus Miller 1984
G. †Proacodus Müller 1959
G. †Problematoconites Mueller 1959
G. †Prooneotodus Mueller 1959
G. †Prosagittodontus Müller and Nogami 1971
G. †Serratocambria Müller and Hinz 1991
G. †Tarimspira Yue and Gao 1992
+
Invalid names: Fengzuella He and Yu 1992 [synonym]
G. †Trolmenia Müller and Hinz 1991
G. †Westergaardodina Müller 1959
Invalid names: Amphigeisinacea Clark et al. 1981 [empty]
G. †Parvigondolella Kozur and Mock 1972
+
†Parvigondolella andrusovi Kozur and Mock 1972
G. †Pollognathus Kozur and Mostler 1970
Or. †Polyplacognathida Stouge and Bagnoli 1999
+
Invalid names: Cahabagnathidae Stouge and Bagnoli 1999 [empty]
Or. †Prioniodontida Dzik 1976
+
Fm. †Acodontidae Dzik 1994
G. †Anticostiodus Zhang and Barnes 2000
Fm. †Balognathidae Hass 1959
+
Invalid names: Prioniodontidae Ulrich and Bassler 1926 [synonym]
Superfm. †Balognathoidea Hass 1959
Fm. †Cyrtoniodontidae Hass 1959
Fm. †Distomodontidae Klapper 1981
Fm. †Multioistodontidae Harris 1964
G. †Oepikodus Lindström 1955
Fm. †Oistodontidae Lindström 1970
Fm. †Paracordylodontidae Bergström 1981
G. †Paracordylodus Lindström 1955
G. †Phragmodus Branson and Mehl 1933
+
Invalid names: Cyrtoniodus Stauffer 1935 [synonym]
Fm. †Plectodinidae Sweet 1988
Or. †Prioniodinida Sweet 1988
Subor. †Prioniodinina Sweet 1988
Superfm. †Prioniodontacea Bassler 1925
Fm. †Rhipidognathidae Lindström 1970
Fm. †Strachanognathidae Bergstrom 1981
Invalid names: Periodontidae Lindström 1970 [empty]
+
Fm. †Acanthodontidae Lindström 1970
Fm. †Clavohamulidae Lindström 1970
Fm. †Cornuodontidae Stouge 1984
Fm. †Drepanoistodontidae Fahraeus and Nowlan 1978
Fm. †Oneotodontidae Miller 1980
Fm. †Protopanderodontidae Lindström 1970
Fm. †Serratognathidae Zhen et al. 2009
G. †Pseudobelodella Armstrong 1990
+
†Pseudobelodella silurica Armstrong 1990
G. †Rexroadus Zhang and Barnes 2002
+
†Rexroadus kentuckyensis Branson and Branson 1947
†Rexroadus nathani McCracken and Barnes 1981
G. †Rhynchognathodus Ethington 1959
G. †Rotundoconus An and Zhang 1983
G. †Sagittodontus Rhodes 1953
G. †Silurognathus Jeppsson 2005
+
†Silurognathus maximus Jeppsson 2005
G. †Spathognathodus Branson and Mehl 1941
+
†Spathognathodus asymmetricus Bischoff and Sannemann 1958
†Spathognathodus dubius Ethington and Furnish 1962
†Spathognathodus fundamentus Walliser 1957
†Spathognathodus optimus Moskalenko 1966
†Spathognathodus transitans Bischoff and Sannemann 1958
G. †Tardogondolella Kozur and Mostler 1971
+
†Tardogondolella postera Kozur and Mostler 1971
G. †Tokognathus Nieper 1969
G. †Trichonodella Branson and Branson 1947
+
†Trichonodella blanda Stauffer 1940
†Trichonodella inconstans Ziegler 1960
G. †Youngquistognathus Myshkina and Zhuravlev 2005
G. †Zygognathus Branson et al. 1951
+
†Zygognathus manifestus Moskalenko 1973
Invalid names: Amphigeisinidae Miller 1981 [empty], Euconodonta Müller and Hinz 1991 [empty], Euconodonta Müller and Hinz 1991 [empty], Hindeodella andrusovi Kozur and Mostler 1972 [nomen dubium], Nothognathella Branson and Mehl 1934 [nomen vanum], Polygnathida Barskov 1995 [empty]
G. †Declinognathodus Dunn 1966
+
†Declinognathodus noduliferus Ellison and Graves 1941
+
†Dichodella exilis Serpagli 1967
Superfm. †Distacodontacea Bassler 1925
+
Fm. †Distacodidae Ulrich and Bassler 1926
+
G. †Distacodus Pander 1856
Invalid names: Distacodontidae Bassler 1925 [empty], Teridontidae Miller 1981 [empty], Ulrichodinidae Bergstrom 1981 [empty]
G. †Elsonella
G. †Eocarniodus Orchard 1980
+
†Eocarniodus gracilis Rhodes 1955
G. †Evencodus
G. †Exochognathus Pollock et al. 1970
+
†Exochognathus brassfieldensis Branson and Branson 1947
†Exochognathus expansus Nicoll and Rexroad 1969
Superfm. †Hibbardellacea Mueller 1956
+
Fm. †Hibbardellidae Müller 1956
+
G. †Delotaxis Klapper and Philip 1971
G. †Huddlella
G. †Istorinus Knüpfer 1967
+
†Istorinus erectus Knüpfer 1967
+
Invalid names: Istorinus disymmetricus Knüpfer 1967 [synonym], Istorinus humilis Knüpfer 1967 [synonym], Istorinus postdentatus Knüpfer 1967 [synonym], Istorinus recurvus Knüpfer 1967 [synonym]
Fm. †Mestognathidae Austin and Rhodes 1981
+
G. †Mestognathus Bischoff
G. †Oligodus
G. †Ozarcodina Walliser
Superfm. †Panderodontacea Lindstrom 1970
+
Invalid names: Scolopodontidae Bergstrom 1981 [empty]
G. †Paraprionodus Ethington and Clark 1982
G. †Playfordia Glenister and Klapper 1966
G. †Polygnathellus Branson and Mehl 1933
+
†Polygnathellus emarginatus Branson and Mehl 1933
G. †Roundya
+
†Roundya aurita Sannemann 1955
†Roundya laminata Branson and Mehl 1934
†Roundya latipennata Ziegler 1958
G. †Tuxekania
G. †Volgelgnathus Norby and Rexroad 1985
Invalid names: Chirognathacea Branson and Mehl 1944 [empty], Fryxellodontacea Miller 1981 [empty], Proconodontacea Miller 1981 [empty]
Cl. Myxini Jaekel 1911
+
G. †Myxineidus Poplin et al. 2001
+
†Myxineidus gononorum Poplin et al. 2001
Or. Myxiniformes [hagfish]
+
Fm. Myxinidae Rafinesque 1815
+
G. Anopsus Rafinesque 1815
G. Muraenoblenna Lacépède 1803
Subfm. Myxininae
Invalid names: Hyperotreti [synonym]
G. †Myxinikela Bardack 1991
+
†Myxinikela siroka Bardack 1991
Subcl. Myxinoidea [hagfish]
+
G. †Tethymyxine Miyashita et al. 2019
+
†Tethymyxine tapirostrum Miyashita et al. 2019
Cl. Petromyzontida Bonaparte 1831
+
Fm. †Gilpichthyidae Halstead 1993
+
G. †Gilpichthys Bardack and Richardson 1977
+
†Gilpichthys greeni Bardack and Richardson 1977
Fm. †Pipisciidae Halstead 1993
+
G. †Pipiscius Bardack and Richardson 1977
+
†Pipiscius zangerli Bardack and Richardson 1977
G. †Tullimonstrum Richardson 1966
+
†Tullimonstrum gregarium Richardson 1966
+
Invalid names: Nemavermes mackeei Schram 1973 [synonym]
Invalid names: Nemavermes Schram 1973 [synonym]
Invalid names: Hyperoartia Müller 1844 [synonym]
Invalid names: Hypospondyli Jaekel 1911 [empty], Marsipobranchii [synonym], Palaeospondyli Jaekel 1911 [empty], Petromyzontes [empty]
G. †Squirmarius McCoy et al. 2023
hide
†Squirmarius testai McCoy et al. 2023
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Locomotion: actively mobilep
Life habit: planktonicp
Diet: suspension feederp
Created: 2004-02-29 10:26:37
Modified: 2004-02-29 12:26:37
Source: p = phylum
References: Bambach et al. 2007, Kiessling 2004

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Meishucunian to the top of the Neogene or 530.70000 to 2.58000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 525.5 Ma

Collections (9356 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Nemakit-Daldynian538.8 - 525.5China (Hunan) Hertzina sp. (97714)
Nemakit-Daldynian538.8 - 525.5China (Zhejiang) Fengzuella zhejiangensis (86660)
Nemakit-Daldynian538.8 - 525.5Russian Federation (Siberia) Hertzina pensa (50424 50425)
Nemakit-Daldynian538.8 - 525.5Russian Federation (Krasnoyarsk) Hertzina pensa (99482)
Cambrian538.8 - 486.85China (Jilin Provence) Phakelodus tenuis, Nogamiconus sp., Prooneotodus rotundatus, Furnishina furnishi, Cordylodus pravus, Stenodontus jilinensis (156915) Phakelodus tenuis, Nogamiconus sp., Prooneotodus rotundatus, Furnishina primitiva, Semiacontiodus nogamii, Teridontus nakamurai, Cordylodus proavus, Eoconodontus notchpeakensis, Fryxellodontus inornatus, Stenodontus jilinensis (156918) Phakelodus tenuis, Prooneotodus rotundatus, Furnishina primutiva, Furnishina furnishi, Muellerodus hunjiangensis, Teridontus nakamurai, Cordylodus proavus, Eoconodontus notchpeakensis, Stenodontus jilinensis (156913) Phakelodus tenuis, Prooneotodus rotundatus, Teridontus nakamurai, Cordylodus proavus, Eoconodontus notchpeakensis, Stenodontus jilinensis (156911) Phakelodus tenuis, Prooneotodus roundatus, Semiacontiodus nogamii, Teridontus nakamurai, Cordylodus proavus, Eoconodontus notchpeakensis, Stenodontus jilinensis (156917) Prooneotodus gallatini, Teridontus huanghuachangensis, Utahconus utahensis, Cordylodus drucei, Cordylodus intermedius, Cordylodus proavus, Cordylodus lindstromi (156930) Prooneotodus rotundatus, Albiconus postcostatus, Furnishina primitiva, Hirsutodontus simplex, Teridontus huanghuachangensis, Teridontus nakamurai, Cordylodus proavus, Eoconodontus notchpeakensis (156925) Prooneotodus rotundatus, Cordylodus proavus, Eoconodontus notchpeakensis, Stenodontus jilinensis (156920) Prooneotodus rotundatus, Muellerodus hunjiangensis, Teridontus nakamurai, Cordylodus proavus, Fryxellodontus inornatus, Stenodontus jilinensis, Stenodontus compressus (156914) Prooneotodus rotundatus, Prooneotodus gallatini, Albiconus postcostatus, Furnishina primitiva, Muellerodus hunjiangensis, Hirsutodontus simplex, Teridontus gracilis, Teridontus huanghuachangensis, Teridontus nakamurai, Utahconus utahensis, Monocostodus serierensis, Drepanodus suberectus, Cordylodus drucei, Cordylodus intermedius, Cordylodus proavus, Eoconodontus notchpeakensis (156926) Prooneotodus rotundatus, Prooneotodus gallatini, Furnishina primitiva, Muellerodus hunjiangensis, Teridontus huanghuachangensis, Teridontus nakamurai, Utahconus utahensis, Monocostodus serierensis, Drepanodus suberectus, Cordylodus drucei, Cordylodus intermedius, Eoconodontus notchpeakensis (156927) Teridontus nakamurai, Cordylodus proavus, Eoconodontus notchpeakensis (156923)
Cambrian538.8 - 486.85Norway (Naersnes) Phakelodus tenuis, Semiacontiodus nogamii, Teridontus nakamurai, Utahconus utahensis, Drepanoistodus sp., Cordylodus proavus, Eoconodontus notchpeakensis, Fryxellodontus sp. (156964)
Cambrian538.8 - 486.85Sweden (Uppland) Cordylodus sp., Cordylodus prion (191678)
Cambrian538.8 - 486.85Russian Federation (St. Petersburg) Phakelodus tenuis, Furnishina furnishi (191187)
Meishucunian530.7 - 521.0China (Zhejiang) Fengzuella zhejiangensis (108039) Hertzina sp. (108038)
Meishucunian530.7 - 521.0China (Sichuan) Hertzina antiqua, Hertzina intermedia (107389) Hertzina elongata (108312)
Tommotian525.5 - 521.0China (Hubei) Hertzina guizhouensis (155444)
Tommotian - Atdabanian525.5 - 516.0Canada (Nova Scotia) Hertzina elongata (6897)
Atdabanian521.0 - 516.0China (Zhejiang) Fengzuella zhejiangensis (96666 96667)
Atdabanian521.0 - 516.0Russian Federation (Siberia) Fengzuella zhejiangensis (174252)
Atdabanian521.0 - 516.0Canada (Nova Scotia) Hertzina elongata (9385 9387 9390)
Atdabanian521.0 - 516.0United Kingdom (England) Hertzina elongata (79933) Prooneotodus sp. indet (79940)
Atdabanian521.0 - 516.0Kazakhstan Oneotodus triangulus (99300)
Atdabanian - Botomian521.0 - 512.1Canada (Nova Scotia) Hertzina elongata (9391)
Branchian516.2 - 506.5United Kingdom (England) Hertzina elongata (79928 79931 79932)
Dyeran515.3 - 509.7Greenland (Peary Land) Hertzina sp. (210618)