PBDB Taxon

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Ankylosauridae (ankylosaurid)

Reptilia - Ankylosauridae

Taxonomy

Ankylosauridae was named by Brown (1908). Its type is Ankylosaurus. It was considered monophyletic by Tumanova (2000) and Vickaryous et al. (2004).

It was synonymized subjectively with Nodosauridae by Hennig (1915), Lull (1924), Huene (1934), Huene (1934), Russell (1940), Kuhn (1946), Tatarinov (1964), Kuhn (1964), Romer (1966) and Maryanska (1971).

It was assigned to Orthopoda by Arldt (1909) and Huene (1909); to Phytophagi by Jaekel (1914); to Thyreophora by Nopcsa (1928); to Stegosauroidae by Hay (1930); to Stegosauria by Brown (1908), Matthew (1915), Lambe (1918) and Lapparent (1947); to Ankylosauroidea by Norman (1984); to Ankylosauria by Maleev (1953), Maleev (1956), Swinton (1970), Rozhdestvensky (1977), Coombs (1978), Ostrom (1980), Galton (1983), Kielan-Jaworowska (1984), Russell (1984), Sereno (1986), Bakker (1986), Tumanova (1987), Carroll (1988), Dong (1993), Buffetaut (1995), Coombs and Deméré (1996), Carpenter et al. (1996), Sereno (1997), Sereno (1998), Barrett et al. (1998), Carpenter et al. (1998), Sereno (1999), Tumanova (2000), Ford (2000), Vickaryous et al. (2001), Carpenter (2001), Peng et al. (2001), Garcia and Pereda-Suberbiola (2003), Vickaryous et al. (2004), Ryan and Evans (2005), Lü et al. (2007), Lü et al. (2007), Carpenter et al. (2008) and Blows (2014); and to Ankylosauria by Osi and Makádi (2009), Parsons and Parsons (2009), Han et al. (2014), Arbour et al. (2014), Arbour and Currie (2016), Yang et al. (2017), Penkalski and Tumanova (2017), Arbour and Evans (2017), Zheng et al. (2018) and Zhu et al. (2024).

Subtaxa

Ahshislepelta, Aletopelta, Ankylosaurinae, Bissektipelta, Cedarpelta, Chuanqilong, Datai, Dyoplosaurus giganteus, Gobisaurus (syn. Zhongyuansaurus), Huaxiazhoulong, Liaoningosaurus, Maleevus, Minmi, Palaeoscincus asper, Polacanthinae, Shamosaurinae, Shamosaurus, Stegopeltinae, Syrmosaurinae

Synonyms

Minmi was named by Molnar (1980). Its type is Minmi paravertebrata. It was considered monophyletic by Vickaryous et al. (2004).

It was considered a nomen dubium by Arbour and Currie (2016).

It was assigned to Nodosauridae by Molnar and Frey (1987) and Molnar (1992); to Ankylosauria by Molnar (1980), Molnar (1984), Bonaparte (1986), Molnar (1996), Kirkland (1998) and Carpenter (2001); to Ankylosauridae by Sereno (1998), Sereno (1999), Vickaryous et al. (2001), Garcia and Pereda-Suberbiola (2003), Vickaryous et al. (2004), Lü et al. (2007), Osi and Makádi (2009), Parsons and Parsons (2009), Agnolin et al. (2010) and Han et al. (2014); and to Ankylosauria by Poropat et al. (2023).
Dyoplosaurus giganteus was named by Maleev (1956). Its type specimen is PIN 551-29, a set of postcrania (series of caudal vertebrae, meta- tarsals, phalanges, osteoderms including tail club knob), and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is foot of Nemegtu Mountain [SMPE] (PIN coll. 551), which is in a Maastrichtian terrestrial horizon in the Nemegt Formation of Mongolia. It was considered monophyletic by Vickaryous et al. (2004).

It was considered a nomen dubium by Arbour et al. (2014) and Arbour and Currie (2016); it was recombined as Tarchia gigantea by Tumanova (1977), Maryanska (1977), Tumanova (1978), Tumanova (1983), Tumanova (1987), Osmólska (1997), Barsbold (1997), Tumanova (2000), Ford (2000), Carpenter (2001), Vickaryous et al. (2004), Longrich et al. (2010), Carpenter et al. (2011), Arbour et al. (2012), Arbour et al. (2013), Arbour and Currie (2013), Kirkland et al. (2013), Leahey and Salisbury (2013) and Kineer et al. (2016).
Palaeoscincus asper was named by Lambe (1902). Its type specimen is NMC 1349, a tooth, and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is below Berry Creek, Steveville (NMC), which is in a Campanian/Campanian terrestrial horizon in the Oldman Formation of Canada.

It was synonymized subjectively with Euoplocephalus tutus by Coombs (1986), Coombs (1990), Ford (2000), Ford and Kirkland (2001) and Ryan and Evans (2005); it was considered a nomen dubium by Carpenter (2001), Vickaryous et al. (2004) and Penkalski and Blows (2013).
Syrmosauridae was named by Maleev (1952).

It was synonymized subjectively with Nodosauridae by Maryanska (1971); it was synonymized subjectively with Ankylosauridae by Coombs (1978), Tumanova (1987) and Arbour and Currie (2016).

It was assigned to Stegosauria by Kuhn (1964); and to Ankylosauria by Maleev (1952), Maleev (1953), Maleev (1954), Tatarinov (1964) and Kuhn (1966).
Syrmosaurus disparoserratus was named by Maleev (1952). Its type specimen is PIN 554/1-2, a maxilla (two fragments of the left and right maxillae), and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Shiregin Gashun (PIN coll. 554) [MPE], which is in a Cenomanian/Santonian terrestrial sandstone in the Baynshire Formation of Mongolia. It is the type species of Maleevus.

It was recombined as Talarurus disparoserratus by Maryanska (1977) and Coy (1997); it was recombined as Maleevus disparoserratus by Tumanova (1987), Barsbold (1997), Tumanova (2000), Ford (2000) and Carpenter et al. (2011); it was considered a nomen dubium by Carpenter (2001), Vickaryous et al. (2004) and Arbour and Currie (2016).
Maleevus was named by Tumanova (1987). Its type is Syrmosaurus disparoserratus.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Carpenter (2001), Vickaryous et al. (2004) and Arbour and Currie (2016).

It was assigned to Ankylosaurinae by Tumanova (1987); to Ankylosauridae by Barsbold (1997) and Tumanova (2000); and to Syrmosaurinae by Ford (2000).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1902	Palaeoscincus asper Lambe p. 54 figs. Pl. 17:5
1905	Palaeoscincus asper Lambe p. 23
1908	Ankylosauridae Brown
1909	Ankylosauridae Arldt p. 263
1909	Ankylosauridae Huene p. 17
1914	Ancylosauridae Jaekel p. 197
1915	Palaeoscincus asper Hennig p. 14
1915	Ankylosauridae Matthew p. 32
1918	Ankylosauridae Lambe p. 35
1923	Palaeoscincus asper Gilmore p. 48
1928	Ankylosauridae Nopcsa p. 73
1930	Palaeoscincus asper Hay p. 236
1930	Ankylosauridae Hay p. 237
1930	Palaeoscincus asper Russell p. 149
1940	Palaeoscincus asper Russell p. 27
1947	Ankylosauridae Lapparent p. 18
1952	Syrmosauridae Maleev
1952	Syrmosaurus disparoserratus Maleev p. 134
1953	Ankylosauridae Maleev p. 109
1953	Syrmosauridae Maleev p. 109
1954	Syrmosauridae Maleev p. 143
1954	Syrmosaurus disparoserratus Maleev pp. 162-163 fig. 15
1956	Ankylosauridae Maleev p. 53
1956	Dyoplosaurus giganteus Maleev p. 79
1964	Syrmosauridae Kuhn p. 39
1964	Syrmosaurus disparoserrata Kuhn p. 39
1964	Palaeoscincus asper Kuhn p. 49
1964	Palaeoscincus asper Russell p. 13
1964	Syrmosauridae Tatarinov p. 577
1965	Dyoplosaurus giganteus Kielan-Jaworowska and Kowalski p. 177
1966	Syrmosauridae Kuhn p. 106
1970	Ankylosauridae Swinton p. 246
1974	Dyoplosaurus giganteus Rozhdestvensky p. 147
1974	Syrmosaurus disparoserratus Rozhdestvensky p. 147
1977	Dyoplosaurus giganteus Gradzinski et al. p. 302
1977	Tarchia gigantea Maryanska
1977	Talarurus disparoserratus Maryanska pp. 100-101
1977	Dyoplosaurus giganteus Rozhdestvensky p. 106
1977	Ankylosauridae Rozhdestvensky p. 113
1977	Syrmosaurus disparoserratus Rozhdestvensky p. 113
1977	Tarchia gigantea Tumanova p. 93
1978	Ankylosauridae Coombs p. 143
1978	Tarchia gigantea Tumanova p. 482
1980	Minmi Molnar pp. 78-79 figs. 1-2, Pl. 1
1980	Ankylosauridae Ostrom p. 23
1983	Ankylosauridae Galton p. 4
1983	Tarchia gigantea Tumanova
1984	Ankylosauridae Kielan-Jaworowska p. 104
1984	Minmi Molnar p. 151
1984	Ankylosauridae Norman pp. 159-160 fig. 2
1984	Ankylosauridae Russell p. 29
1986	Ankylosauridae Bakker p. 461
1986	Minmi Bonaparte p. 88
1986	Ankylosauridae Sereno
1987	Minmi Molnar and Frey p. 20
1987	Ankylosauridae Tumanova p. 14
1987	Maleevus Tumanova p. 18
1987	Maleevus disparoserratus Tumanova p. 18–19
1987	Tarchia gigantea Tumanova p. 22
1988	Ankylosauridae Carroll
1992	Minmi Molnar p. 261
1993	Ankylosauridae Dong p. 259
1995	Ankylosauridae Buffetaut
1996	Ankylosauridae Carpenter et al. p. 25A
1996	Ankylosauridae Coombs, Jr. and Deméré p. 319
1996	Minmi Molnar p. 654
1997	Maleevus Barsbold p. 450
1997	Maleevus disparoserratus Barsbold p. 450
1997	Tarchia gigantea Barsbold p. 450
1997	Talarurus disparoserratus Coy p. 692
1997	Tarchia gigantea Osmólska p. 575
1997	Ankylosauridae Sereno p. 443
1998	Ankylosauridae Barrett et al. p. 382
1998	Ankylosauridae Carpenter et al. p. 782
1998	Minmi Kirkland p. 273 fig. 3
1998	Ankylosauridae Sereno p. 61
1998	Minmi Sereno p. 67 fig. 5
1999	Ankylosauridae Sereno p. 2138 fig. 2
1999	Minmi Sereno p. 2138 fig. 2
2000	Ankylosauridae Ford p. 175
2000	Maleevus Ford p. 176
2000	Maleevus disparoserratus Ford p. 176
2000	Tarchia gigantea Ford p. 176
2000	Ankylosauridae Tumanova p. 519
2000	Maleevus Tumanova p. 521
2000	Maleevus disparoserratus Tumanova pp. 521-523
2000	Tarchia gigantea Tumanova p. 527
2001	Ankylosauridae Carpenter p. 457
2001	Minmi Carpenter p. 457
2001	Tarchia gigantea Carpenter p. 457
2001	Ankylosauridae Peng et al. p. 35
2001	Ankylosauridae Vickaryous et al. p. 1774
2001	Minmi Vickaryous et al. p. 1774
2003	Minmi Garcia and Pereda-Suberbiola p. 162
2003	Ankylosauridae Garcia and Pereda-Suberbiola p. 163
2004	Ankylosauridae Vickaryous et al. p. 364
2004	Minmi Vickaryous et al. p. 364
2004	Tarchia gigantea Vickaryous et al. p. 364
2005	Ankylosauridae Ryan and Evans p. 315
2007	Ankylosauridae Lü et al. p. 889 fig. 1
2007	Minmi Lü et al. p. 889 fig. 1
2007	Ankylosauridae Lü et al. p. 344
2008	Ankylosauridae Carpenter et al. p. 1097
2009	Ankylosauridae Osi and Makádi p. 239 fig. 10
2009	Minmi Osi and Makádi p. 239 fig. 10
2009	Ankylosauridae Parsons and Parsons p. 736 fig. 18
2009	Minmi Parsons and Parsons p. 736 fig. 18
2010	Minmi Agnolin et al. p. 263
2010	Tarchia gigantea Longrich et al. p. 955
2011	Maleevus disparoserratus Carpenter et al. p. 2
2011	Tarchia gigantea Carpenter et al. p. 6
2012	Tarchia gigantea Arbour et al. p. 56
2013	Tarchia gigantea Arbour and Currie p. 29
2013	Tarchia gigantea Arbour et al.
2013	Tarchia gigantea Kirkland et al. p. 7
2013	Tarchia gigantea Leahey and Salisbury p. 251
2014	Ankylosauridae Arbour et al.
2014	Ankylosauridae Blows p. 58
2014	Ankylosauridae Han et al. p. 14 fig. 11
2014	Minmi Han et al. p. 14 fig. 11
2016	Ankylosauridae Arbour and Currie p. 433 fig. 11
2016	Tarchia gigantea Kineer et al. p. 44
2017	Ankylosauridae Arbour and Evans p. 7
2017	Ankylosauridae Penkalski and Tumanova
2017	Ankylosauridae Yang et al. p. 786 fig. 5
2018	Ankylosauridae Zheng et al.
2023	Minmi Poropat et al. p. 166
2024	Ankylosauridae Zhu et al. p. 2

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
—	Sauropsida
class	Reptilia

Rank	Name	Author
subclass	Eureptilia	()
—	Romeriida
—	Diapsida	()
—	Archosauromorpha	(Huene 1946)
—	Crocopoda
—	Archosauriformes	Gauthier 1986
—	Eucrocopoda
—	Archosauria	()
informal	Avemetatarsalia
—	Ornithodira
—	Dinosauromorpha
—	Dinosauriformes
—	Dinosauria	()
—	Ornithischia	()
—	Genasauria
—	Thyreophora	()
—	Ankylosauria	()
family	Ankylosauridae
family	Ankylosauridae

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Fm. †Ankylosauridae Brown 1908 [ankylosaurid]

show all | hide all

G. †Ahshislepelta Burns and Sullivan 2011

†Ahshislepelta minor Burns and Sullivan 2011

G. †Aletopelta Ford and Kirkland 2001

†Aletopelta coombsi Ford and Kirkland 2001

Subfm. †Ankylosaurinae Nopcsa 1918

Tr. †Ankylosaurini Arbour and Currie 2016

G. †Akainacephalus Wiersma and Irmis 2018

†Akainacephalus johnsoni Wiersma and Irmis 2018

G. †Ziapelta Arbour et al. 2014

†Ziapelta sanjuanensis Arbour et al. 2014

G. †Ankylosaurus Brown 1908

†Ankylosaurus magniventris Brown 1908

G. †Crichtonpelta Arbour and Currie 2016

†Crichtonpelta benxiensis Lü et al. 2007

Tr. †Euoplocephalini Penkalski 2018

G. †Anodontosaurus Sternberg 1929

†Anodontosaurus inceptus Penkalski 2018

†Anodontosaurus lambei Sternberg 1929

G. †Dyoplosaurus Parks 1924

†Dyoplosaurus acutosquameus Parks 1924

G. †Euoplocephalus Lambe 1910

†Euoplocephalus tutus Lambe 1902

Invalid names: Stereocephalus Lambe 1902 [replaced]

G. †Platypelta Penkalski 2018

†Platypelta coombsi Penkalski 2018

G. †Scolosaurus Nopcsa 1928 [thorn lizard]

†Scolosaurus cutleri Nopcsa 1928

†Scolosaurus thronus Penkalski 2018

G. †Jinyunpelta Zheng et al. 2018

†Jinyunpelta sinensis Zheng et al. 2018

G. †Minotaurasaurus Miles and Miles 2009

G. †Nodocephalosaurus Sullivan 1999

†Nodocephalosaurus kirtlandensis Sullivan 1999

G. †Oohkotokia Penkalski 2014

†Oohkotokia horneri Penkalski 2014

G. †Pinacosaurus Gilmore 1933

†Pinacosaurus grangeri Gilmore 1933

Invalid names: Pinacosaurus ninghsiensis Young 1935 [synonym], Syrmosaurus viminocaudus Maleev 1952 [synonym]

†Pinacosaurus mephistocephalus Godefroit et al. 1999

Invalid names: Syrmosaurus Maleev 1952 [synonym]

G. †Saichania Maryanska 1977

†Saichania chulsanensis Maryanska 1977

Invalid names: Shanxia tianzhenensis Barrett et al. 1998 [synonym], Tianzhenosaurus youngi Pang and Cheng 1998 [synonym]

Invalid names: Shanxia Barrett et al. 1998 [synonym], Tianzhenosaurus Pang and Cheng 1998 [synonym]

G. †Talarurus Maleev 1952

†Talarurus plicatospineus Maleev 1952

G. †Tarchia Maryanska 1977

†Tarchia kielanae Maryanska 1977

Invalid names: Minotaurasaurus ramachandrani Miles and Miles 2009 [synonym]

†Tarchia teresae Penkalski and Tumanova 2017

†Tarchia tumanovae Park et al. 2021

G. †Tsagantegia Tumanova 1993

†Tsagantegia longicranialis Tumanova 1993

G. †Zaraapelta Arbour et al. 2014

†Zaraapelta nomadis Arbour et al. 2014

G. †Zuul Arbour and Evans 2017

†Zuul crurivastator Arbour and Evans 2017

G. †Bissektipelta Parish and Barrett 2004

†Bissektipelta archibaldi Averianov 2002

G. †Cedarpelta Carpenter et al. 2001

†Cedarpelta bilbeyhallorum Carpenter et al. 2001

G. †Chuanqilong Han et al. 2014

†Chuanqilong chaoyangensis Han et al. 2014

G. †Datai Xing et al. 2024

†Datai yingliangis Xing et al. 2024

G. †Gobisaurus Vickaryous et al. 2001

†Gobisaurus domoculus Vickaryous et al. 2001

Invalid names: Zhongyuangosaurus luoyangensis Xu et al. 2007 [synonym]

Invalid names: Zhongyuansaurus Xu et al. 2007 [synonym]

G. †Huaxiazhoulong Zhu et al. 2024

†Huaxiazhoulong shouwen Zhu et al. 2024

G. †Liaoningosaurus Xu et al. 2001

†Liaoningosaurus paradoxus Xu et al. 2001

G. †Shamosaurus Tumanova 1983

†Shamosaurus scutatus Tumanova 1983

Invalid names: Dyoplosaurus giganteus Maleev 1956 [nomen dubium], Maleevus Tumanova 1987 [nomen dubium], Minmi Molnar 1980 [nomen dubium], Palaeoscincus asper Lambe 1902 [nomen dubium], Polacanthinae Lapparent and Lavocat 1955 [empty], Shamosaurinae Tumanova 1983 [empty], Stegopeltinae Ford 2000 [empty], Syrmosauridae Maleev 1952 [synonym], Syrmosaurinae Ford 2000 [empty]

Diagnosis

Reference	Diagnosis
B. Brown 1908	Skull massive, short, and broadly triangular with dermal plates solidly coossified to cartilage bones. Teeth Stegosauroid with ovate-lanceolate flattened crowns and crenulate edges. Vertebre amphiplatyan, solid throughout; neck short, backbone stiff. Body broad, covered with heavy armor plates arranged in rows.
E. A. Maleev 1954 (Syrmosauridae)	Large, four-legged dinosaurs with light defensive armor consisting of individual symmetrically distributed scales. The body is very flat and broad as in the Upper Cretaceous Ankylosauria. The teeth are stegosauroid, with a lamellar flat crown having channeled sculpture [=rugose]. Because of the flat body, the head has a distinctive adaptation for elevating, which is expressed as a unique structure of the cervical vertebrae - the articulation surfaces have been twisted so that the rear surface of the vertebra is depressed below the front surface and is almost parallel to it. The dorsal vertebrae are long, with low centra and are slightly flat at the ends. The torso ribs do not attach to the transverse processes of the vertebrae. The pelvis is stegosauroid. The iliac bones are quite wide and thick in the postacetabular region, as in the Ankylosauria. The sacrum consists of three true sacral vertebrae. The front legs are shorter than the hind legs. The digits end with hoof-like formations (the end phalanges). The tail is long (35-40 vertebrae). The rear tail vertebrae (15-20) are rigidly attached to one another, forming a long "club". The overall length of the skeleton and skull is 4-5 meters.
E. A. Maleev 1956	Ankylosauridae are large quadruped dinosaurs. The cranium is massive, short, and wide, of triangular shape. The top of the cranium is covered with multiple bony plates and spines. The teeth are of stegosaurid type, with oval-lanceolate crown of striated sculpture. The vertebrae are entire on both sides. The neck is short. The sacrum is long, and encloses from five to nine vertebrae. The body is flattened, broad, covered with heavy bony armor, which consists of united bony plates.
T. A. Tumanova 1987	Ankylosaurs with skull greatly expanding in orbital and postorbital regions, width is equal or greater than length (Figs. 2, 3); bones of skull roof covered by many small scutes, which may be posterior to the orbits, change from pyramidal osteoderms into spines; nostrils large and terminal; additional sinuses in nasal cavity present; respiratory tract is flexed; occipital condyle oval, without neck; lateral temporal fenestra and quadrate condyle (except Shamosaurus) closed laterally with osteodermal scutes; scutes also on the the maxilla and expanded from the squamosal into spines; paroccipital processes projects laterally, ends not reaching posterior of skull roof; pterygoid flanges, mandibular branch of pterygoid and ectopterygoid project laterally; teeth are small.

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

hydroxyapatiteo

Entire body:

yeso

Adult length:

10 to < 100o

Adult width:

1.0 to < 10o

Adult height:

1.0 to < 10o

Maximum body mass:

10000 kgg

Minimum body mass:

300 kgg

Architecture:

compact or denseo

Ontogeny:

accretion, modification of partso

Grouping:

gregariouso

Environment:

terrestrialo

Locomotion:

actively mobileo

Life habit:

ground dwellingo

Diet:

herbivoreo

Reproduction:

oviparouso

Dispersal:

direct/internalo

Dispersal 2:

mobileo

Created:

2004-12-14 12:50:52

Modified:

2004-12-14 14:50:52

Source: g = genus, o = order

References: Marsh 1875, Peczkis 1995

Age range: base of the Late/Upper Sinemurian to the top of the Lancian or 196.50000 to 66.00000 Ma

Collections (275 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Late/Upper Sinemurian - Early/Lower Pliensbachian	196.5 - 183.0	Italy (Trentino-Alto Adige)	Thyreophora indet. (88592)
Late/Upper Jurassic	161.5 - 145.0	Mongolia (Govi-Altay)	Ankylosauridae indet. (123400)
Early/Lower Cretaceous	145.0 - 100.5	Mongolia (Omngov)	Ceratopsidae indet. (48928)
Early/Lower Cretaceous	145.0 - 100.5	Mongolia (Ovorkhangai)	Ankylosauridae indet. (59359) Syrmosaurus sp. (79703)
Valanginian	139.8 - 132.9	USA (Utah)	Polacanthinae indet. (97953 97956)
Hauterivian - Early/Lower Aptian	132.9 - 122.46	Australia (Queensland)	Ankylosauria indet. (60758)
Late/Upper Barremian - Early/Lower Aptian	130.0 - 122.46	China (Liaoning)	Liaoningosaurus paradoxus (55683)
Barremian	129.4 - 125.0	United Kingdom (England)	Ankylosauridae indet. (223868)
Aptian	125.0 - 113.0	Italy (Apulia)	Ankylosauridae indet. (62850)
Aptian	125.0 - 113.0	China (Liaoning)	Chuanqilong chaoyangensis (160135)
Aptian - Albian	125.0 - 100.5	Mongolia (Dornogov)	Ankylosauria indet. (32362)
Aptian - Albian	125.0 - 100.5	China (Henan)	Zhongyuansaurus luoyangensis (79687)
Aptian - Albian	125.0 - 100.5	China (Liaoning)	Ankylosauridae indet. (97423)
Aptian - Albian	125.0 - 100.5	USA (Utah)	Ankylosauridae indet., Cedarpelta bilbeyhallorum (55334) Cedarpelta bilbeyhallorum (60814 97950)
Late/Upper Aptian	122.46 - 113.0	Australia (Victoria)	Minmi sp. (188573)
Late/Upper Aptian - Early/Lower Albian	122.46 - 109.0	Mongolia (Övörkhangai Aymag)	Shamosaurus scutatus (77191)
Albian	113.0 - 100.5	China (Zhejiang)	Jinyunpelta sinensis (180708)
Albian	113.0 - 100.5	USA (Nevada)	Ankylosauridae indet. (167383)
Late/Upper Albian	105.3 - 99.6	China (Liaoning)	Crichtonpelta benxiensis (64018)
Late/Upper Albian	105.3 - 99.6	USA (Kansas)	Testudines indet. (49038)
Late/Upper Albian	105.3 - 99.6	USA (Montana)	Ankylosauridae indet. (137590)
Cenomanian - Turonian	100.5 - 89.8	China (Liaoning)	Crichtonsaurus benxiensis (91201)
Cenomanian - Santonian	100.5 - 83.6	Mongolia (Dornogov)	Ankylosauridae indet. (108342 108345 130794) Talarurus plicatospineus (79702) Tsagantegia longicranialis (55389) Tsagantegia sp. (127664)
Cenomanian - Santonian	100.5 - 83.6	Mongolia (Omnogov)	Ankylosauria indet. (127666) Ankylosauridae indet. (108340) Syrmosaurus disparoserratus (13411 53230) Talarurus plicatospineus (51975) Zaraapelta nomadis (130804)
Cenomanian - Campanian	100.5 - 72.1	China (Shanxi)	Ankylosauridae indet. (45408) Shanxia tianzhenensis (51907)
Late/Upper Cretaceous	100.5 - 66.0	China (Ningxia)	Pinacosaurus ninghsiensis (62323)
Late/Upper Cretaceous	100.5 - 66.0	Mongolia (Omnogov)	Ankylosauridae indet. (100269)
Senonian	100.5 - 66.0	Kazakhstan (Qostanay)	Ankylosauridae indet. (59382)
Early/Lower Cenomanian	99.6 - 93.5	Uzbekistan (Navoi)	Shamosaurinae indet. (58208)
Early/Lower Cenomanian	99.6 - 93.5	Uzbekistan (Karakalpakstan)	Ankylosauria indet. (64689)
Turonian	93.9 - 89.8	Uzbekistan (Navoi)	Ankylosauridae indet. (58603)
Turonian	93.9 - 89.8	China (Nei Mongol)	Gobisaurus domoculus (66924)
Turonian - Early/Lower Coniacian	93.9 - 85.8	China (Jiangxi )	Datai yingliangis (233580)
Early/Lower Turonian	93.5 - 89.3	Uzbekistan	Ankylosauridae indet. (58596)
Late/Upper Turonian	93.5 - 89.3	USA (Utah)	Ankylosauridae indet. (14415)
Late/Upper Turonian	93.5 - 89.3	Uzbekistan (Navoi)	Ankylosauridae indet. (58597)
Middle Turonian - Late/Upper Turonian	93.5 - 89.3	Uzbekistan (Navoi)	Amtosaurus archibaldi (93204) Ankylosauridae indet. (58164 58598 58606 58611) Ankylosauridae indet., Ankylosaurinae indet. (58165) Ankylosaurinae indet. (58167 58174)
Late/Upper Turonian - Coniacian	93.5 - 86.3	Uzbekistan (Navoi)	Ankylosauridae indet. (58614)
Late/Upper Turonian - Santonian	93.5 - 83.6	Kazakhstan (Qaraghandy)	Ankylosauridae indet. (58616)
Coniacian - Santonian	89.8 - 83.6	Uzbekistan (Navoi)	Ankylosauridae indet. (58699 58700)
Coniacian - Santonian	89.8 - 83.6	China (Shandong)	Pinacosaurus grangeri (35966)
Santonian	86.3 - 83.6	Uzbekistan (Navoi)	Ankylosauridae indet. (58615)
Santonian - Early/Lower Campanian	86.3 - 70.6	Kazakhstan (Qyzylorda)	Ankylosauridae indet. (59701)
Santonian - Early/Lower Campanian	86.3 - 70.6	Kazakhstan (Qaraghandy)	Stegosauria indet. (58756)
Early/Lower Santonian	85.8 - 83.5	Tajikistan (Sogd)	Ankylosauridae indet. (58491 58701)
Late/Upper Santonian - Early/Lower Campanian	85.8 - 70.6	USA (Utah)	Ankylosauria indet. (230113)
Late/Upper Santonian - Late/Upper Campanian	85.8 - 70.6	Mongolia (Omnogov)	Pinacosaurus grangeri (167657)
Campanian	83.6 - 72.1	Mongolia (Omnogov (=Southern Gobi))	Ankylosauridae indet. (137600)
Campanian	83.6 - 72.1	China (Nei Mongol)	Pinacosaurus grangeri (94372 220053 220054 220055 232428) Pinacosaurus mephistocephalus (37807) Pinacosaurus sp. (205652)
Campanian	83.6 - 72.1	Canada (Alberta)	Euoplocephalus sp. (52476)
Campanian	83.6 - 72.1	Mongolia (Ömnögovi Aimag)	Ankylosauridae indet., Ankylosauria indet. (130798)
Campanian	83.6 - 72.1	China (Jiangxi)	Huaxiazhoulong shouwen (237063)
Campanian	83.6 - 72.1	Mongolia (Omnogov)	Ankylosauridae indet. (37211 100277 168986) Pinacosaurus grangeri (45329)
Campanian	83.6 - 72.1	Uzbekistan (Navoi)	Ankylosauridae indet. (58710)
Campanian - Maastrichtian	83.6 - 66.0	China (Xinjiang)	Euoplocephalus sp. (159589)
Early/Lower Campanian	83.5 - 70.6	USA (Utah)	Ankylosauridae indet. (14430)
Early/Lower Campanian	83.5 - 70.6	USA (New Mexico)	Ankylosauridae indet. (51982)
Judithian	83.5 - 70.6	USA (Wyoming)	Ankylosauridae indet. (14458)
Judithian	83.5 - 70.6	Canada (Alberta)	Ankylosauridae indet. (14451)
Judithian	83.5 - 70.6	USA (Utah)	Ankylosauridae indet. (230886)
Judithian	83.5 - 70.6	USA (Texas)	Ankylosauria indet. (14489)
Late/Upper Campanian	83.5 - 70.6	USA (Montana)	Ankylosauridae indet. (22652 53048 59373) Ankylosauridae indet., Euoplocephalus sp. (22694) Dyoplosaurus acutosquameus (45681) Euoplocephalus sp. (62541 196407) Nodosauridae indet. (22692) Oohkotokia horneri (138980) Scolosaurus cutleri (232277) Zuul crurivastator (190394)
Late/Upper Campanian	83.5 - 70.6	Mongolia (Omnogov Aimak)	Ankylosauridae indet. (37184)
Late/Upper Campanian	83.5 - 70.6	USA (New Mexico)	Ahshislepelta minor (156486) Ankylosauridae indet. (36269 62535 154419) Nodocephalosaurus kirtlandensis (54104 76107 76761 76762 76763 194876) Ziapelta sanjuanensis (169229)
Late/Upper Campanian	83.5 - 70.6	Canada (Alberta)	Ankylosauria indet. (58957 59023 59037 59220) Ankylosauridae indet. (22657 22696 34309 36264 45671 45674 45892 45897 45898 46954 51863 55317 58759 76030 89604 89605 155220 155258 163048 175824 227125 232278) Anodontosaurus lambei (135807 155221 155222) Dyoplosaurus acutosquameus (46332) Euoplocephalus sp. (35379 45683 48618 61625 61627 155267 196405) Euoplocephalus tutus (59004 223397) Scelidosaurus sp. (155228)
Late/Upper Campanian	83.5 - 70.6	Mongolia (Omnogov)	Ankylosauridae indet., Pinacosaurus grangeri (55256) Ankylosauridae indet., Pinacosaurus sp. (127678) Pinacosaurus grangeri (46152) Pinacosaurus sp. (37013 37016 59372) Syrmosaurus viminocaudus (53229)
Late/Upper Campanian	83.5 - 70.6	USA (Utah)	Akainacephalus johnsoni (196592) Ankylosauridae indet. (230164 230165) Ankylosauridae indet. A (192256 230166) Ankylosauridae indet. B (97806)
Late/Upper Campanian	83.5 - 70.6	USA (California)	Nodosauridae indet. (60806)
Late/Upper Campanian	83.5 - 70.6	Mexico (Coahuila)	Ankylosauridae indet. (24260 68039)
Middle Campanian	83.5 - 70.6	Canada (Alberta)	Ankylosauridae indet. (45561 45564 45565 45670 181024) Euoplocephalus sp. (196406) Euoplocephalus tutus (196419 196420) Stegosauria indet. (144551)
Middle Campanian	83.5 - 70.6	Mongolia (Omngov)	Pinacosaurus sp. (100261)
Middle Campanian	83.5 - 70.6	USA (Montana)	Ankylosauridae indet. (14482 142497) Ankylosauridae indet., Euoplocephalus sp. (14437)
Middle Campanian	83.5 - 70.6	France (Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur)	Ankylosauridae indet. (59269)
Middle Campanian	83.5 - 70.6	Mongolia (Omnogov)	Pinacosaurus grangeri (222595)
Middle Campanian	83.5 - 70.6	USA (Utah)	Ankylosauridae indet. (61844)
Middle Campanian - Late/Upper Campanian	83.5 - 70.6	USA (Montana)	Ankylosauridae indet. (14490) Euoplocephalus sp. (14470 14492)
Middle Campanian - Late/Upper Campanian	83.5 - 70.6	Canada (Saskatchewan)	Ankylosauridae indet. (14494 229975)
Middle Campanian - Late/Upper Campanian	83.5 - 70.6	Canada (Alberta)	Ankylosauridae indet. (45819 45821 45894 155263 155264 155265 167986) Euoplocephalus sp. (155027) Palaeoscincus asper (52477) Scolosaurus cutleri (59015) Stegosauria indet. (155266)
Middle Campanian - Late/Upper Campanian	83.5 - 70.6	Mongolia (Dornogov)	Pinacosaurus grangeri (65338)
Middle Campanian - Late/Upper Campanian	83.5 - 70.6	Mongolia (Omnogov)	Ankylosauridae indet. (13776 28243 37022 181420 181421 204919) Ankylosauridae indet., Saichania chulsanensis (11582) Pinacosaurus grangeri (65334)
Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian	83.5 - 66.0	Canada (Alberta)	Ankylosauria indet. (155224) Ankylosaurus sp. (51966)
Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian	83.5 - 66.0	Spain (Valencia)	Ankylosauridae indet. (53918)
Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian	83.5 - 66.0	France (Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur)	Ankylosauridae indet. (48864)
Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian	83.5 - 66.0	France (Languedoc-Roussillon)	Ankylosauridae indet. (138411)
Maastrichtian	72.1 - 66.0	Mongolia	Ankylosauridae indet. (206055)
Maastrichtian	72.1 - 66.0	Canada (Alberta)	Ankylosauridae indet. (45678)
Maastrichtian	72.1 - 66.0	USA (Montana)	Ankylosauridae indet. (85498 85499)
Maastrichtian	72.1 - 66.0	Mongolia (Omnogov)	Ankylosauria indet. (55258) Ankylosauridae indet. (37006 38698 38700 100266 100268 100273 100275 127670 180299 206054 206057) Dinosauria indet. (59087) Dyoplosaurus giganteus (53227 179625) Dyoplosaurus sp. (38699) Tarchia tumanovae (226994)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian	70.6 - 66.0	Canada (Alberta)	Ankylosauria indet. (11899 45733 155225 155227) Ankylosauridae indet. (55363 60563 135739) Anodontosaurus lambei (94370 144561 155226 229870) Euoplocephalus sp. (61628 64630 155223)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian	70.6 - 66.0	USA (Montana)	Euoplocephalus sp. (61631)
Lancian	70.6 - 66.0	USA (Wyoming)	Ankylosaurus magniventris (14514) Ankylosaurus sp. (14541 14544 75289 75430 75435)
Lancian	70.6 - 66.0	USA (Montana)	Ankylosauridae indet. (14616) Ankylosaurus magniventris (14534)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	70.6 - 66.0	USA (Wyoming)	Ankylosaurus magniventris (14585) Dynamosaurus imperiosus (45878)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	70.6 - 66.0	USA (New Mexico)	Ankylosauridae indet. (47819 171027) Pachycephalosauridae indet. (47008)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	70.6 - 66.0	USA (South Dakota)	Ankylosaurus magniventris (224484)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	70.6 - 66.0	Canada (Saskatchewan)	Ankylosaurus magniventris (206819)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	70.6 - 66.0	China (Henan)	Ankylosauridae indet. (84996)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	70.6 - 66.0	Canada (Alberta)	Ankylosaurus magniventris, Euoplocephalus sp. (45876) Ankylosaurus sp. (45877)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	70.6 - 66.0	USA (Montana)	Ankylosaurus magniventris (11931 45879)