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Hesperotestudo

Osteichthyes - Testudines - Testudinidae

Taxonomy
Testudo (Hesperotestudo) was named by Williams (1950). It is not extant.

It was Geochelone (Hesperotestudo) by Auffenberg (1962), Auffenberg (1963), Auffenberg (1971), Parris and Daeschler (1995); it was reranked as Hesperotestudo by Hutchison (1992), Hutchison (1996), Meylan and Sterrer (2000), Cisneros (2005), de la Fuente et al. (2014), Vlachos and Rabi (2018), Vlachos (2018), May (2019), Weems (2023).

It was assigned to Testudo by Williams (1950), Williams (1953), Milstead (1956); to Geochelone by Auffenberg (1962), Auffenberg (1963), Auffenberg (1971), Parris and Daeschler (1995); to Testudininae by Vlachos and Rabi (2018); to Testudinidae by Hutchison (1992), Hutchison (1996), Meylan and Sterrer (2000), Cisneros (2005), de la Fuente et al. (2014), Vlachos (2018), May (2019); and to Xerobatinae by Weems (2023).

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1877Eupachemys Leidy
1902Eupachemys Hay p. 448
1950Testudo (Hesperotestudo) Williams
1953Testudo tedwhitei Williams p. 537
1953Testudo (Hesperotestudo) Williams p. 542
1956Testudo (Hesperotestudo) Milstead p. 168
1957Testudo tedwhitei Ray
1962Geochelone (Hesperotestudo) Auffenberg p. 628
1963Geochelone (Caudochelys) Auffenberg p. 69
1963Geochelone (Caudochelys) tedwhitei Auffenberg p. 80
1963Geochelone (Hesperotestudo) Auffenberg p. 81
1971Geochelone (Hesperotestudo) Auffenberg p. 115
1992Hesperotestudo Hutchison
1995Geochelone (Hesperotestudo) Parris and Daeschler p. 567
1996Hesperotestudo Hutchison p. 345
2000Hesperotestudo Meylan and Sterrer
2005Hesperotestudo Cisneros p. 241
2014Hesperotestudo de la Fuente et al.
2018Hesperotestudo Vlachos
2018Hesperotestudo Vlachos and Rabi p. 663
2019Hesperotestudo May
2023Hesperotestudo Weems

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
classOsteichthyes
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
RankNameAuthor
—Sauropsida
classReptilia
subclassEureptilia()
—Romeriida
—Diapsida()
—Archosauromorpha(Huene 1946)
—ArchelosauriaCrawford 2015
—Pantestudines
—Testudinata(Oppel 1811)
orderTestudinesBatsch 1788
suborderCryptodira
—Pantestudinoidea
superfamilyTestudinoidea
familyTestudinidaeBatsch 1788
subfamilyXerobatinaeAgassiz 1857
genusHesperotestudo(Williams 1950)

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Hesperotestudo Williams 1950
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†Hesperotestudo bermudae Meylan and Sterrer 2000
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Invalid names: Testudo sellardsi Hay 1916 [synonym]
†Hesperotestudo ducateli Collins and Lynn 1936
†Hesperotestudo harrisi Lichtig and Lucas 2022
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Invalid names: Geochelone nordensis Holman 1973 [synonym], Testudo rexroadensis Oelrich 1952 [synonym], Xerobates cyclopygius Cope 1878 [synonym]
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Invalid names: Caryoderma snovianum Cope 1886 [synonym], Testudo arenivaga Hay 1906 [synonym], Testudo farri Hay 1908 [synonym], Testudo impensa Hay 1908 [synonym]
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Invalid names: Geochelone alleni Auffenberg 1966 [synonym], Geochelone johnstoni Auffenberg 1962 [synonym], Geochelone mlynarskii Auffenberg 1988 [synonym], Geochelone oelrichi Holman 1972 [synonym], Testudo incisa Hay 1916 [synonym], Testudo riggsi Hibbard 1944 [synonym], Testudo wilsoni Milstead 1956 [synonym]
†Hesperotestudo williamsi Auffenberg 1964
Invalid names: Caudochelys Auffenberg 1963 [synonym], Eupachemys Leidy 1877 [nomen dubium], Testudo tedwhitei Williams 1953 [nomen dubium]
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
P. A. Meylan and W. Sterrer 2000North American land tortoises with very well developed dermal armour, with those ossicles over the tail united and, in combination with enlarged transverse processes of the caudal vertebrae, forming a caudal buckler (Auffenberg, 1963, 1974) or a tail club (DMNH 1600 and 1601); nuchal scute longer than wide; posteriorly excavated epiplastra; medially narrowed pectoral scutes; large inguinal scute in broad contact with femoral scute; transverse ridge (=commissural ridge) on premaxilla, median maxillary ridge and lingual ridge extending onto premaxilla; foramen praepalatinum obsolete; acromion process forming very large angle (110°) to body of scapula.
Measurements
partNmean
carapace height1131.0

Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: terrestrialf
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: ground dwellingf
Diet: herbivoref
Diet 2: herbivoref
Reproduction: oviparousf
Created: 2005-08-26 07:16:55
Modified: 2005-09-09 16:16:46
Source: f = family, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988, Ernst and Barbour 1989

Age range: base of the Early/Lower Uintan to the top of the Rancholabrean or 45.90000 to 0.01400 Ma

Collections (107 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Early/Lower Uintan45.9 - 39.7USA (Utah) H. sp. (186888)
Uintan45.9 - 39.7USA (Utah) H. sp. (186896)
Whitneyan31.8 - 29.5USA (South Dakota) H. sp. (185698)
Arikareean29.5 - 18.5USA (South Dakota) H. sp. (17517)
Late/Upper Oligocene27.3 - 23.04USA (Virginia) H. wilsoni (167203)
Harrisonian23.1 - 18.5USA (Nebraska) Testudo arenivaga (17735 195408)
Miocene23.04 - 5.333USA (Texas) Testudo crassiscutata (190386)
Miocene - Pleistocene23.04 - 0.0117USA (Texas) Testudo turgida (99818)
Burdigalian20.45 - 15.98USA (Maryland) H. williamsi (71810)
Burdigalian20.45 - 15.98USA (Delaware) H. wilsoni (18579)
Hemingfordian18.5 - 16.3USA (Texas) Testudinata indet. (18626)
Hemingfordian18.5 - 16.3USA (Florida) H. sp. (18561) Testudo tedwhitei (18597)
Hemingfordian18.5 - 16.3USA (Nebraska) Testudo angusticeps (18001)
Hemingfordian - Barstovian18.5 - 12.5USA (Colorado) Testudo osborniana (191836)
Barstovian16.3 - 12.5USA (Montana) Testudo farri (191916)
Barstovian16.3 - 12.5USA (Nebraska) Geochelone orthopygia (18141 18165 18275 18442) Geochelone orthopygia, Geochelone nordensis (18223 18284) Testudo orthopygia (18123)
Barstovian16.3 - 12.5USA (New Mexico) H. harrisi (225602)
Early/Lower Barstovian - early Late Barstovian16.3 - 12.5USA (California) H. sp. (156738)
Langhian15.98 - 13.82USA (Maryland) H. ducateli (70819) Testudo ducateli (100213)
Clarendonian12.5 - 9.4USA (Kansas) Geochelone orthopygia (18450)
Clarendonian12.5 - 9.4USA (Nebraska) H. orthopygia (188779) Testudinidae indet. (18324)
Clarendonian12.5 - 9.4USA (Texas) H. sp. (18610 18611 18623)
Early/Lower Clarendonian12.5 - 9.4USA (Florida) H. sp. (161374)
Clarendonian - Hemphillian12.5 - 4.7USA (Oklahoma) H. sp. (70119)
Clarendonian - Pliocene12.5 - 2.58USA (Oklahoma) H. sp. (170193)
Late/Upper Miocene11.63 - 5.333Canada (Yukon) H. sp. (206138)
Late/Upper Miocene - Early/Lower Pliocene11.63 - 3.6USA (California) H. orthopygia (183467 183468 183469 183470 183471)
Tortonian - Zanclean11.63 - 3.6USA (Kansas) Xerobates undata (191555)
Hemphillian9.4 - 4.7USA (Montana) Testudo impensa (191918)
Hemphillian9.4 - 4.7Costa Rica H. sp. (240851)
Hemphillian9.4 - 4.7USA (California) Geochelone sp. (19446)
Hemphillian9.4 - 4.7USA (Florida) Geochelone alleni (18545 18560) Geochelone sp. (18601) Geochelone turgida (18556)
Late/Upper Hemphillian9.4 - 4.7USA (Texas) Geochelone sp. (18036)
Late/Upper Hemphillian9.4 - 4.7USA (Oklahoma) Testudo riggsi (18076)
Late/Upper Hemphillian - Blancan9.4 - 1.4USA (Indiana) H. sp. (18320)
Late/Upper Hemphillian - Blancan9.4 - 1.4USA (Tennessee) H. sp. (26574)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.58USA (California) H. orthopygia (67489)
Pliocene - Gelasian5.333 - 1.8USA (Florida) H. sp. (242028)
Blancan4.7 - 1.4USA (Kansas) Testudo rexroadensis (19936 19940)
Blancan4.7 - 1.4USA (New Mexico) H. sp. (19968 230461)
Blancan4.7 - 1.4USA (Florida) H. sp. (113275)
Blancan4.7 - 1.4USA (Arizona) Geochelone sp. (19618)
Blancan4.7 - 1.4USA (Nebraska) Geochelone oelrichi (19954) Geochelone oelrichi, Geochelone sp. (19963)
Blancan4.7 - 1.4USA (Texas) Geochelone johnstoni (20033)
Blancan4.7 - 1.4Mexico (Baja California Sur) Geochelone sp. (19673)
Blancan - Irvingtonian4.7 - 0.21El Salvador H. crassiscutata (70118)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.58USA (Texas) Testudo turgida (191451)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.58USA (Kansas) Testudo riggsi (99819)
Piacenzian - Gelasian3.6 - 1.8USA (California) H. sp. (166974)
Late/Upper Pliocene - Early/Lower Pleistocene3.6 - 0.774USA (Nebraska) Geochelone oelrichi (191910)
Pleistocene2.58 - 0.0117USA (Florida) H. crassiscutata (227368) H. sp. (206227) Testudo incisa (195410)
Pleistocene2.58 - 0.0117USA (Texas) Testudo crassiscutata (85137 196056)
Calabrian1.8 - 0.774USA (Florida) Geochelone crassiscutata, Geochelone sp. (20400) H. crassiscutata (20402)
Irvingtonian1.4 - 0.21USA (Texas) Geochelone sp. (20342)
Irvingtonian1.4 - 0.21USA (California) H. sp. (28222)
Irvingtonian1.4 - 0.21USA (Florida) Geochelone mlynarskii (20289) H. mlynarsii, H. crassiscutata (58089) H. sp. (26550)
Irvingtonian1.4 - 0.21USA (South Carolina) Hesperotestudo indet. (79919)
Rancholabrean0.21 - 0.014USA (Florida) Geochelone crassiscutata, Geochelone incisa (20491) H. crassiscutata (20440) Testudo sellardsi (180339)
Rancholabrean0.21 - 0.014Mexico (Hidalgo) H. sp. (113410)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Florida) Geochelone crassiscutata, Geochelone incisa (154805) H. crassiscutata (154804) Testudo sellardsi (34269)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Georgia) H. crassicutata, H. incisa (20604) H. incisa (20613)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Bermuda H. bermudae (190749)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (high glacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Texas) Geochelone crassiscutata (93103)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (glacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Texas) Geochelone wilsoni (76101)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Texas) H. sp. (230753) Testudo wilsoni (79632)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Mississippi) Geochelone crassiscutata (164397)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (glacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Florida) Geochelone crassiscutata (154921)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Florida) Geochelone crassiscutata (79667) Testudo sellardsi (20616)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Florida) H. incisa (154722)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (high glacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (New Mexico) Geochelone wilsoni (76059)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Georgia) H. sp., H. crassiscutata (75066)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (glacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Mississippi) Geochelone crassiscutata (164396)