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Podocnemididae

Reptilia - Testudines - Podocnemididae

Taxonomy
Podocnemididae was named by Cope (1868). It is extant. It was considered monophyletic by de la Fuente et al. (2022).

It was synonymized subjectively with Pelomedusidae by Kuhn (1966); it was corrected as Podocnemidae by de Broin and de la Fuente (1993); it was reranked as the unranked clade Podocnemidae by Cadena et al. (2012), Ferreira et al. (2015) and Pérez-García and Chapman (2017).

It was assigned to Podocnemidinura by Gaffney et al. (2006); to Podocnemoidea by Cadena et al. (2012); to Pleurodira by Vremir (2013); to Pelomedusoides by Joyce et al. (2004), Hutchison et al. (2004), de la Fuente et al. (2014) and Ferreira et al. (2015); to Pleurodira by Cope (1871), Cope (1875), Gaffney and Wood (2002), Carvalho et al. (2002), van Dijk et al. (2014) and Silva Lacerda et al. (2020); to Pelomedusoides by de Broin and de la Fuente (1993), Cadena et al. (2012), Weems and Knight (2013) and Georgalis et al. (2020); to Podocnemidoidea by Lapparent de Broin (2003), Pérez-García et al. (2013), Pérez-García and Lapparent de Broin (2013), Pérez-García and Chapman (2017), de Lapparent de Broin et al. (2020) and Pérez-García (2022); to Podocnemidoidae by de la Fuente et al. (2022); and to Pleurodira by Cherney et al. (2020), Cadena et al. (2021) and Ferreira et al. (2024).

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1868Podocnemididae Cope
1871Podocnemididae Cope p. 236
1875Podocnemididae Cope p. 17
1993Podocnemidae de Broin and de la Fuente p. 10
2002Podocnemididae Carvalho et al. p. 679
2002Podocnemididae Gaffney and Wood p. 2
2003Podocnemididae Lapparent de Broin
2004Podocnemididae Hutchison et al. p. 39
2004Podocnemidae Joyce et al.
2006Podocnemididae Gaffney et al. p. 45
2012Podocnemididae Cadena et al. p. 549
2012Podocnemidae Cadena et al.
2013Podocnemididae Pérez-García and Lapparent de Broin
2013Podocnemididae Pérez-García et al.
2013Podocnemididae Vremir
2013Podocnemididae Weems and Knight p. 290
2014Podocnemididae de la Fuente et al.
2014Podocnemididae van Dijk et al.
2015Podocnemidae Ferreira et al.
2017Podocnemidae Pérez-García and Chapman p. 2
2020Podocnemididae Cherney et al. p. 32
2020Podocnemididae Georgalis et al. p. 836
2020Podocnemididae Silva Lacerda et al.
2020Podocnemididae de Lapparent de Broin et al. p. 466
2021Podocnemididae Cadena et al.
2022Podocnemididae Pérez-García
2022Podocnemididae de la Fuente et al.
2024Podocnemididae Ferreira et al.

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
RankNameAuthor
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
—Sauropsida
classReptilia
—Testudinata(Oppel 1811)
orderTestudinesBatsch 1788
suborderPleurodira
familyPodocnemididae
familyPodocnemididae

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Fm. Podocnemididae Cope 1868
show all | hide all
G. †Albertwoodemys Gaffney et al. 2011
+
†Albertwoodemys testudinum Gaffney et al. 2011
G. †Bairdemys Gaffney and Wood 2002
+
†Bairdemys hartsteini Gaffney and Wood 2002
†Bairdemys healeyorum Weems and Knight 2013
†Bairdemys miocenica Collins and Lynn 1936
†Bairdemys sanchezi Gaffney et al. 2008
†Bairdemys thalassica Ferreira et al. 2015
†Bairdemys venezuelensis Wood and Diaz 1971
†Bairdemys winklerae Gaffney et al. 2008
G. †Bauruemys Suarez 1969
+
†Bauruemys elegans Suarez 1969
Invalid names: Bauruemys brasiliensis Staesche 1937 [nomen dubium]
G. †Brontochelys Gaffney et al. 2011
+
†Brontochelys gaffneyi Wood 1970
G. †Cambaremys França and Langer 2005
G. †Carbonemys Cadena et al. 2012
+
†Carbonemys cofrinii Cadena et al. 2012
G. †Cerrejonemys Cadena et al. 2010
+
†Cerrejonemys wayuunaiki Cadena et al. 2010
G. †Cordichelys Gaffney et al. 2011
+
†Cordichelys antiqua Andrews 1903
G. †Dacquemys Williams 1954
+
†Dacquemys paleomorpha Williams 1954
Subfm. †Erymnochelyinae Broin 1988
+
G. †Andrewsemys Pérez-García 2019
+
†Andrewsemys libyca Andrews 1903
G. †Caninemys Meylan et al. 2009
+
†Caninemys tridentata Meylan et al. 2009
G. †Eocenochelus Pérez-García et al. 2017
+
†Eocenochelus eremberti Broin 1977
†Eocenochelus farresi Pérez-García et al. 2017
†Eocenochelus lacombianus Pérez-García et al. 2017
Tr. †Erymnochelyini de Broin 1988
+
G. †Apeshemys Perez-Garcia 2021
+
†Apeshemys aegyptiaca Andrews 1900
G. †Mokelemys Pérez-García 2022
+
†Mokelemys mbembe Pérez-García 2022
G. †Shetwemys Perez-Garcia 2021
+
†Shetwemys fajumensis Andrews 1903
+
Invalid names: Podocnemis blanckenhorni von Reinach 1903 [synonym]
G. †Neochelys Bergounioux 1954
+
†Neochelys arenarum Broin 1977
†Neochelys bolcensis Bergounioux 1954
†Neochelys capellinii De Zigno 1890
†Neochelys eocaenica de Stefano 1902
†Neochelys franzeni Schleich 1993
†Neochelys laurenti Tong 1998
†Neochelys liriae Pérez-García and Lapparent de Broin 2013
†Neochelys mengaudi Bergounioux 1935
†Neochelys nicolisii Zigno 1890
†Neochelys salmanticensis Jimenez 1971
+
Invalid names: Duerochelys arribasi Jimenez 1975 [synonym], Podocnemis armuniensis Jimenez 1970 [synonym], Podocnemis entodermica Jimenez 1970 [synonym]
†Neochelys zamorensis Jimenez-Fuentes 1992
Invalid names: Polysternum mengaudi Bergounioux 1935 [nomen dubium]
G. †Ragechelus de Lapparent de Broin et al. 2020
+
†Ragechelus sahelica de Lapparent de Broin et al. 2020
G. †Stupendemys Wood 1976
+
†Stupendemys souzai Bocquetin and Melo 2006
G. Erymnochelys Baur 1888
+
G. †Gestemys de la Fuente et al. 2022
+
†Gestemys powelli de la Fuente et al. 2022
G. †Kenyemys Wood 1983
+
†Kenyemys williamsi Wood 1983
G. †Lapparentemys Gaffney et al. 2011
+
†Lapparentemys vilavilensis de Broin 1971
G. †Latentemys Gaffney et al. 2011
+
†Latentemys plowdeni Gaffney et al. 2011
G. †Lemurchelys Gaffney et al. 2011
+
†Lemurchelys diasphax Gaffney et al. 2011
G. †Mogharemys Gaffney et al. 2011
+
†Mogharemys blanckenhorni Dacque 1912
G. †Papoulemys Tong 1998
G. †Peiropemys Gaffney et al. 2011
+
†Peiropemys mezzalirai Gaffney et al. 2011
G. Peltocephalus Duméril and Bibron 1835
+
Peltocephalus dumerilianus Schweigger 1812 [Bighead Amazon River turtle]
†Peltocephalus maturin Ferreira et al. 2024
Subfm. Podocnemidinae Cope 1868
+
Unr. †Podocnemidodda Gaffney et al. 2011
+
Invalid names: Erymnochelydand Gaffney et al. 2011 [empty], Podocnemidand Gaffney et al. 2011 [empty]
G. Podocnemis Wagler 1830 [river turtle]
+
†Podocnemis argentinensis Cattoi and Freiberg 1958
†Podocnemis bassleri Williams 1956
†Podocnemis brasiliensis Staesche 1937
Podocnemis erythrocephala Spix 1824 [Red-headed river turtle]
Podocnemis expansa Schweigger 1812
†Podocnemis geologorum Simpson 1943
†Podocnemis harrisi Pacheco 1913
Podocnemis lewyana Dumeril 1852
†Podocnemis medemi Wood 1997
†Podocnemis negrii Carvalho et al. 2002
†Podocnemis pritchardi Wood 1997
†Podocnemis stromeri von Reinach 1903
†Podocnemis tatacoensis Cadena and Vanegas 2023
Podocnemis unifilis Troschel 1848
Podocnemis vogli Muller 1935
Invalid names: Podocnemis bramlyi Fourtau 1918 [nomen dubium], Podocnemis freibergi Agnolin 2004 [nomen dubium]
G. †Shweboemys Swinton 1939
+
†Shweboemys pilgrimi Swinton 1939
Subtr. †Stereogenyina Gaffney et al. 2011
+
Invalid names: Bairdemydita Gaffney et al. 2011 [empty]
Tr. †Stereogenyini Gaffney et al. 2011
+
Unr. †Stereogenyita Gaffney et al. 2011
+
G. †Piramys Prasad 1974
+
†Piramys auffenbergi Prasad 1974
Invalid names: Mogharemydina Gaffney et al. 2011 [empty]
G. †Stereogenys Andrews 1901
+
†Stereogenys cromeri Andrews 1901
Invalid names: Stereogenys podocnemoides Reinach 1903 [nomen dubium]
G. †Turkanemys Wood 2003
+
†Turkanemys pattersoni Wood 2003
Invalid names: Bauruemydinae Gaffney et al. 2011 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: freshwaterf
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: aquaticf
Diet: herbivoref
Diet 2: carnivoref
Reproduction: oviparousf
Comments: life habit and diet based on Uetz 2005f
Created: 2005-08-26 14:35:35
Modified: 2005-08-26 16:35:35
Source: f = family, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Carroll 1988, Uetz 2005, Hendy et al. 2009

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Early/Lower Turonian to the top of the Holocene or 93.50000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 89.3 Ma

Collections (218 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Early/Lower Turonian93.5 - 89.3India (Tamil Nadu) Shweboemys sp. (46391)
Late/Upper Coniacian - Santonian89.3 - 83.6Niger (Tahoua) Erymnochelys madagascariensis (48867)
Campanian - Maastrichtian83.6 - 66.0Sudan (Ash Shamaliyah) Podocnemididae indet., Erymnochelyinae indet. (38682)
Early/Lower Campanian - Middle Campanian83.5 - 70.6Argentina (Neuquén) Podocnemidae indet. (131419)
Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian83.5 - 66.0Brazil (São Paulo) Bauruemys elegans (106494) Podocnemis brasiliensis (189029) Podocnemis harrisi (63925) Podocnemis sp. (51664)
Maastrichtian72.1 - 66.0Madagascar (Mahajanga) Erymnochelys sp. (39266)
Maastrichtian72.1 - 66.0Niger (Tahoua) Podocnemis sp. (178660)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0Niger (Tahoua) Ragechelus sahelica (214919)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0Brazil (Goiás) Podocnemididae indet. (225046)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0Brazil (Minas Gerais) Podocnemididae indet., Peiropemys mezzalirai (51628)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0Bolivia (Cochabamba) Chelonia indet. (12855)
Danian66.0 - 61.6Bolivia Roxochelys vilavilensis (118197)
Danian66.0 - 61.6Bolivia (Mizque) Podocnemis brasiliensis (13501)
Middle Paleocene - Late/Upper Paleocene61.7 - 55.8Colombia (Guajira) Cerrejonemys wayuunaiki, Carbonemys cofrinii (106271)
Late/Upper Paleocene58.7 - 55.8Argentina (Tucumán) Podocnemis argentinensis (58702)
Late/Upper Paleocene58.7 - 55.8Argentina (Jujuy) Podocnemis argentinensis (190183 190184)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8France (Languedoc-Roussillon-Midi-Pyrénées) Neochelys sp. (179574)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8Mali Erymnochelyini indet. (209422)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8France (Hérault) Neochelys eocaenica (181564) Neochelys liriae (170531 181563)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8France (Aude) Neochelys n. sp. (182641) Podocnemididae indet., Papoulemys laurenti, Neochelys laurenti (78236)