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Taxonomy
Cervinae was named by Goldfuss (1820). It is extant.
It was assigned to Cervidae by Hay (1902), Kurten and Anderson (1980), Groves and Grubb (1987), McKenna and Bell (1997), Grubb (2000), Wilson and Reeder (2005), Vislobokova (2009) and Croitor (2014).
It was assigned to Cervidae by Hay (1902), Kurten and Anderson (1980), Groves and Grubb (1987), McKenna and Bell (1997), Grubb (2000), Wilson and Reeder (2005), Vislobokova (2009) and Croitor (2014).
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1820 | Cervinae Goldfuss p. 374 |
| 1902 | Cervinae Hay p. 684 |
| 1980 | Cervinae Kurten and Anderson p. 317 |
| 1987 | Cervinae Groves and Grubb p. 881 figs. Table 1 |
| 1997 | Cervinae McKenna and Bell p. 427 |
| 2000 | Cervinae Grubb p. 302 |
| 2005 | Cervinae Wilson and Reeder |
| 2009 | Cervinae Vislobokova p. 398 |
| 2014 | Cervinae Croitor p. 128 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Subfm. Cervinae Goldfuss 1820
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G. †Candiacervus Kuss 1975
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†Candiacervus cretensis Simonelli 1907
†Candiacervus devosi van der Geer 2018
†Candiacervus dorothensis Capasso Barbato 1992
†Candiacervus listeri van der Geer 2018
†Candiacervus major Capasso Barbato and Petronio 1986
†Candiacervus rethymnensis Kuss 1975
†Candiacervus reumeri van der Geer 2018
†Candiacervus ropalophorus de Vos 1979
Tr. Cervini Goldfuss 1820
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G. Axis Gray 1825
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Subg. Axis (Axis) Gray 1825
Axis axis Erxleben 1777 [chital]
Axis kuhlii Müller 1840
Axis porcinus Zimmerman 1780
Invalid names: Cervavus Schlosser 1903 [synonym]
G. †Bohlinella Sprague 1939
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Invalid names: Deperetia Shikama 1936 [replaced], Nipponicervus Matsumoto [synonym]
G. Cervus Linnaeus 1758
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Subg. †Cervus (Cervequus) Lesson 1842
Subg. Cervus (Cervus) Linnaeus 1758
Subg. †Cervus (Deperetia) Shikama 1936
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†Cervus (Deperetia) kokubuni Shikama 1937
†Cervus (Deperetia) syatinensis Shikama 1937
Subg. †Cervus (Leptocervus) Capasso Barbato 1992
Cervus albirostris Przewalski 1883
Cervus alfredi Sclater 1870
†Cervus anocerus Kaup 1839
†Cervus aristotelis Lydekker 1886
†Cervus australis de Serres 1838
†Cervus bertholdi Kaup 1839
Cervus bezoarticus Linnaeus 1758 [Pampas deer]
Cervus canadensis Erxleben 1777 [elk]
†Cervus cornaliai D'Erasmo 1933
†Cervus costrizensis Holl 1829
†Cervus curtocerus Kaup 1839
†Cervus dicranocerus Kaup 1839
Cervus elaphus Linnaeus 1758 [red deer]
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Cervus elaphus corsicanus Erxleben 1777 [Corsican red deer]
Cervus elaphus merriami Nelson 1902
†Cervus fortis Cope 1877
Cervus gouazoubira Fischer 1814
†Cervus latus Ameghino 1889
Cervus lydekkeri Martin 1888
Cervus mariannus Desmarest 1822
†Cervus mediterraneus Holl 1829
†Cervus mongoliae Gaudry 1872
†Cervus nanus Kaup 1839
†Cervus nestii Azzaroli 1947
Cervus nippon Temminck 1838
†Cervus obscurus Azzaroli 1953
†Cervus partschii Kaup 1839
†Cervus percultus Ameghino 1902
†Cervus perolensis Azzaroli 1952
†Cervus ruscinensis Depéret 1890
Cervus schomburgki Blythe 1863
†Cervus sedgwickii Leny 1902
†Cervus simplicidens Lydekker 1876
†Cervus sivalensis Lydekker 1876
Cervus timorensis Blainville 1822
†Cervus trigonocerus Kaup 1839
†Cervus triplidens Lydekker 1876
†Cervus tuberculatus Gervais and Ameghino 1880
Cervus unicolor Kerr 1792 [sambar]
Invalid names: Cervus aguangae Frick 1937 [nomen dubium], Cervus fortisi Cope 1878 [nomen dubium], Proboselaphus Matsumoto 1915 [synonym], Proboselaphus watasei Matsumoto 1915 [nomen dubium], Przewalskium Flerov 1930 [synonym]
G. Dama Frisch 1775 [fallow deer]
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†Cervus (Dama) somonensis Cuvier 1800
Dama dama Linnaeus 1758 [fallow deer]
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†Dama dama clactoniana Falconer 1868
†Dama dama geiselana Pfeiffer 1998
Dama dama dama Linneaus 1758
†Dama eurygonos Azzaroli 1947
†Dama laevicornis Cope 1896
Dama mesopotamica Brooke 1875 [Persian fallow deer]
†Dama rhenana du Bois 1904
†Dama roberti Breda and Lister 2013
G. Elaphurus Milne-Edwards 1866 [Pere David's deer]
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†Elaphurus bifurcatus Teilhard de Chardin and Piveteau 1930
Elaphurus davidianus Milne Edwards 1866
G. Panolia Pocock 1943
G. Rusa Smith 1827
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†Cervus (Rusa) elegans Teilhard de Chardin and Piveteau 1930
†Cervus (Rusa) leptodus Koken 1885
†Rusa kendengensis Dubois 1908
G. †Croizetoceros Heintz 1970
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†Croizetoceros proramosus Dong 1996
†Croizetoceros pyrenaicus Mennecart et al. 2017
†Croizetoceros ramosus Croizet and Jobert 1828
G. †Eucladoceros Falconer 1868
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†Eucladoceros boulei Teilhard de Chardin and Piveteau 1930
†Eucladoceros ctenoides Nesti 1841
†Eucladoceros dicranios Nesti 1841
†Eucladoceros tegulensis du Bois 1904
Tr. †Megacerini Viret 1961
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G. †Neomegaloceros Korotkevitsch 1971
G. †Orchonoceros Vislobokova 1979
G. †Sinomegaceros Chow et al. 1965
G. †Megaloceros Brookes 1828 [Irish elk]
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Subg. †Megaloceros (Megaceroides) Joleaud 1914
†Megaloceros giganteus Blumenbach 1799
†Megaloceros luochuanensis Xue 1982
Invalid names: Megaceros Owen 1844 [synonym]
G. †Metacervocerus Dietrich 1935
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†Metacervocerus pardinensis Croizet and Jobert 1828
†Metacervocerus philisi Mennecart et al. 2017
†Metacervocerus punjabiensis Brown 1926
†Metacervocerus rhenanus Dubois 1904
†Metacervocerus shansius Teilhard de Chardin and Trassaert 1937
Invalid names: Pseudodama Azzaroli 1992 [synonym]
Tr. Muntiacini Pockock 1923
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G. †Eostylocerus Zdansky 1925
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†Eostylocerus blainvillei Zdansky 1925
†Eostylocerus hezhengensis Deng et al. 2014
†Eostylocerus triangularis Zdansky 1925
G. †Euprox Stehlin 1928
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†Euprox altus Wang and Zhang 2011
†Euprox furcatus Hensel 1859
†Euprox grandis Hou 2015
†Euprox robustus Dong et al. 2003
G. Muntiacus Rafinesque 1815 [muntjak]
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Muntiacus atherodes Groves and Grubb 1982 [Bornean yellow muntjac]
†Muntiacus bohlini Teilhard de Chardin 1940
Muntiacus crinifrons Sclater 1885
Muntiacus feae Thomas and Doria 1889 [Fea's muntjac]
†Muntiacus fenghoensis Chow 1956
Muntiacus gongshanensis Ma 1990 [Gongshan muntjac]
†Muntiacus lacustris Teilhard de Chardin and Trassaert 1937
†Muntiacus leilaoensis Dong et al. 2004
Muntiacus montanus Robinson and Kloss 1918 [Sumatran muntjac]
Muntiacus moschatus Blainville 1816
Muntiacus muntjak Rafinesque 1815
Muntiacus muntjak nigripes Allen 1930
†Muntiacus nanus Teilhard de Chardin and Trassaert 1937
†Muntiacus noringenensis Dong 2007
Muntiacus puhoatensis Trai 1997 [Puhoat muntjac]
Muntiacus putaoensis Amato et al. 1999 [leaf deer]
Muntiacus reevesi Ogliby 1839
Muntiacus rooseveltorum Osgood 1932 [Roosevelt's muntjac]
Muntiacus truongsonensis Giao and Tuoc 1998 [Truong Son muntjac]
Muntiacus vuquangensis Tuoc et al. 1994 [Large-antlered muntjac]
†Muntiacus zhaotongensis Dong et al. 2014
Invalid names: Cervulus de Blainville 1816 [synonym]
G. †Praedama Portis 1920
G. †Praeelaphus Portis 1920
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†Praeelaphus arvernensis Croizet and Jobert 1828
†Praeelaphus etueriarum Croizet and Jobert 1828
†Praeelaphus perrieri Croizet and Jobert 1828
G. †Praesinomegaceros Vislobokova 1983
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†Praesinomegaceros asiaticus Vislobokova 1983
†Praesinomegaceros bakri Croitor et al. 2021
†Praesinomegaceros venustus Vislobokova 2009
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: f = family, o = order, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Nowak 1999, Hendy et al. 2009, Nowak 1991, Carroll 1988 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the MN 4 to the top of the Holocene or 16.90000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 15.97 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 15.97 Ma
Collections (644 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Miocene | France | Euprox furcatus (200296) | |
| Miocene | Austria | Euprox furcatus (63085) | |
| Miocene - Pliocene | Pakistan (Punjab) | Cervus sp. (232185) | |
| Neogene | Taiwan (Tainan) | Cervus sp. (76866 76867) | |
| Neogene | Taiwan | Cervus sp. (76857) Cervus sp., Cervus taiouanus (76865) | |
| Neogene | Taiwan (N/A) | Cervus sp., Cervus timoriensis, Cervus taevanus, Cerves sp., Cervus sintikuensis, Cervus kokubuni, Cervus syatinensis (208234) | |
| Neogene | Taiwan (Miao-li) | Cervus sp. (76858) Cervus taiouanus (76859) | |
| Neogene | Taiwan (Taichung) | Cervus taiouanus (76862) | |
| Neogene | Italy | Cervus sp. (96713) | |
| MN 4 | Spain (Catalonia) | Euprox minimus (176265) | |
| Langhian | Germany (Bayern) | Euprox sp. (44977 45599 45612) | |
| Langhian - Serravallian | Poland (Silesia) | Euprox furcatus (42588 42595 42596) | |
| Middle Miocene | Austria (Carinthia) | Euprox furcatus (34606) | |
| Middle Miocene | Germany (Baden-Wurttemberg) | Euprox furcatus (190754) | |
| Middle Miocene | China (Nei Mongol) | Euprox altus (230437) | |
| Middle Miocene - Late/Upper Miocene | Spain (Catalonia) | Euprox sp. (199537) | |
| Middle Miocene - Late/Upper Miocene | China (Nei Mongol) | Euprox sp. (28781) | |
| MN 6 | Germany (Bayern) | Euprox sp. (45610 45614) | |
| MN 7 + 8 | Spain (Cataluña) | Euprox furcatus (92640) | |
| MN 7 + 8 | Switzerland (Baselland) | Euprox furcatus (49421) | |