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Taxonomy
Lamini was named by Webb (1965). It is extant.
It was assigned to Camelidae by Meachen (2005) and Hulbert and Whitmore (2006); and to Camelinae by Webb (1965), Stanley et al. (1994), Honey et al. (1998), Webb and Meachen (2004), Ruez (2005), Baskin and Thomas (2015) and Lynch et al. (2020).
It was assigned to Camelidae by Meachen (2005) and Hulbert and Whitmore (2006); and to Camelinae by Webb (1965), Stanley et al. (1994), Honey et al. (1998), Webb and Meachen (2004), Ruez (2005), Baskin and Thomas (2015) and Lynch et al. (2020).
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1921 | Procamelus edensis raki Frick p. 370 figs. figs. 76, 83 |
| 1940 | Tanupolama parvus Olson p. 54 |
| 1942 | Pliauchenia raki Stirton and Goeriz pp. 467 - 468 |
| 1965 | Lamini Webb |
| 1965 | Tanupolama parva Webb p. 34 |
| 1965 | Lamini Webb p. 44 |
| 1994 | Lamini Stanley et al. p. 1 |
| 1998 | Lamini Honey et al. p. 451 |
| 2004 | Lamini Webb and Meachen p. 350 |
| 2005 | Lamini Meachen p. 438 |
| 2005 | Lamini Ruez, Jr. p. 742 |
| 2006 | Lamini Hulbert and Whitmore p. 6 |
| 2015 | Lamini Baskin and Thomas p. 119 |
| 2020 | Lamini Lynch et al. |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Tr. Lamini Webb 1965
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G. †Aepycamelus Macdonald 1956
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†Aepycamelus alexandrae Davidson 1923
†Aepycamelus bradyi Macdonald 1956
†Aepycamelus elrodi Douglass 1909
†Aepycamelus giraffinus Matthew 1909
†Aepycamelus major Leidy 1886
†Aepycamelus priscus Matthew and Cook 1909
†Aepycamelus procerus Matthew and Cook 1909
†Aepycamelus robustus Leidy 1858
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Invalid names: Homocamelus caninus Leidy 1869 [synonym], Procamelus madisonius Douglass 1899 [synonym], Protolabis prehensilis Cope 1881 [synonym]
†Aepycamelus stocki Henshaw 1942
Invalid names: Alticamelus Matthew 1901 [synonym]
G. †Hemiauchenia Gervais and Ameghino 1880
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†Hemiauchenia blancoensis Meade 1945
†Hemiauchenia edensis Frick 1921
†Hemiauchenia gracilis Meachen 2005
†Hemiauchenia guanajuatensis Dalquest and Mooser 1980
†Hemiauchenia macrocephala Cope 1893
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Invalid names: Camelus americanus Wortman 1898 [synonym], Lama hollomani Hay and Cook 1930 [synonym], Lama stevensi Merriam and Stock 1925 [synonym], Tanupolama seymourensis Hibbard and Dalquest 1962 [synonym]
†Hemiauchenia minima Leidy 1886
†Hemiauchenia paradoxa Gervais and Ameghino 1880
Invalid names: Tanupolama Stock 1928 [synonym]
G. Lama Cuvier 1800
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Subg. Lama (Lama) Menegaz et al. 1989
†Lama castelnaudi Gervais 1855
Lama glama Linnaeus 1758
†Lama gracilis Gervais and Ameghino 1980
Lama guanicoe Müller 1776 [guanaco]
†Lama intermedia Gervais 1855
†Lama mesolithica Ameghino 1889
Lama pacos Linnaeus 1758
Invalid names: Auchenia Illiger 1811 [synonym]
G. †Palaeolama Gervais 1869
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Subg. †Palaeolama (Astylolama) Churcher 1965
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†Palaeolama (Astylolama) aequatorialis Hoffstetter 1952
Subg. †Palaeolama (Palaeolama) Churcher 1965
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†Palaeolama (Palaeolama) paradoxa Cabrera 1935
†Palaeolama (Palaeolama) weddellii Gervais 1855
†Palaeolama brevirostris Rusconi 1930
†Palaeolama castelnaudi Gervais 1854
†Palaeolama crassa Hoffstetter 1952
†Palaeolama crequii Boule and Thevenin 1920
†Palaeolama leptognata Ameghino 1889
†Palaeolama major Liais 1872
†Palaeolama mirifica Simpson 1929 [stout-legged llama]
†Palaeolama niedae Guérin and Faure 1999
†Palaeolama promesolithica Ameghino 1889
†Palaeolama weddeli Gervais 1855
†Palaeolama weddelli Gervais 1855
G. †Pleiolama Webb and Meachen 2004
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†Pleiolama mckennai Webb and Meachen 2004
†Pleiolama vera Matthew 1909
G. †Pliauchenia Cope 1875
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Subg. †Pliauchenia (Megatylopus) Matthew and Cook 1909
†Pliauchenia humphreysiana Cope 1875
†Pliauchenia magnifontis Gregory 1939
†Pliauchenia minima Wortman 1898
†Pliauchenia raki Frick 1921
†Pliauchenia vulcanorum Cope 1875
G. †Procamelus Leidy 1858
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†Procamelus coconiensis Hay 1921
†Procamelus coconinensis Hay 1921
†Procamelus leptocolon Matthew 1909
†Procamelus leptognathus Cope 1893
†Procamelus virginiensis Leidy 1873
Invalid names: Homocamelus Leidy 1869 [synonym]
G. Vicugna Lesson 1842
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Lama (Vicugna) gracilis Gervais and Ameghino 1881
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Invalid names: Auchenia frontosa Gervais and Ameghino 1880 [synonym], Auchenia lujanensis Ameghino 1889 [synonym], Auchenia minuta Burmeister 1891 [synonym], Hemiauchenia pristina Ameghino 1891 [synonym]
Invalid names: Procamelus edensis raki Frick 1921 [nomen vanum], Tanupolama parvus Olson 1940 [nomen dubium]
Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| S. D. Webb and J. A. Meachen 2004 | We distinguish early members of the tribe Lamini from other Camelidae (es- pecially from the tribe Camelini) by the following craniodental features: a narrowly tapered, but still elongate, rostrum; strongly arched nasals; sigmoid zygomatic arches; strongly flexed cranium; thick subrectangular bullae; upper cheek teeth with sharp- ly v-shaped (not broadly crescentic) cusps, with elaborate ribs and styles on their labial sides; and lower molars with sharply v-shaped labial cuspids,
and ‘‘llama-buttresses’’ (explained below) at their anterior ends (Webb, 1965; Harrison, 1978; Honey et al. 1998). |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: f = family, o = order, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009, Nowak 1999, Lillegraven 1979, Nowak 1991 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Barstovian to the top of the Holocene or 16.30000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 15.97 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 15.97 Ma
Collections (583 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Miocene | USA (Nebraska) | Procamelus sp. (18213 18239 18313 18436) | |
| Miocene | USA (Arizona) | Lamini indet. (19177 19355) | |
| Miocene | USA (Oklahoma) | Procamelus grandis (70133) | |
| Miocene | USA (Texas) | Procamelus grandis (18103) | |
| Miocene | USA (Nevada) | Aepycamelus sp. (18836) Hemiauchenia vera (19048 19052 19053) Pliauchenia sp. (19129) | |
| Miocene | USA (New Mexico) | Hemiauchenia sp. (19352) | |
| Miocene | USA (South Dakota) | Aepycamelus sp. (18183) Procamelus grandis (18064 18370) | |
| Miocene | USA (Louisiana) | Aepycamelus sp. (163859) | |
| Miocene | USA (California) | Aepycamelus sp. (19426 19428 19534 19597) Hesperocamelus alexandrae (19414) | |
| Burdigalian - Langhian | USA (Maryland) | Aepycamelus sp. (18518) | |
| Early/Lower Hemingfordian | USA (New Mexico) | Homocamelus sp. (19388) | |
| Hemingfordian | USA (Colorado) | Homocamelus also (17908) | |
| Hemingfordian | USA (Wyoming) | Aepycamelus sp. (17957) | |
| Hemingfordian | USA (New Mexico) | Homocamelus sp. (19434) | |
| Hemingfordian | USA (California) | Aepycamelus sp. (19233 19358 19586) | |
| Late/Upper Hemingfordian | USA (California) | Aepycamelus sp., Procamelus sp. (19369) | |
| Hemingfordian - Barstovian | USA (California) | Aepycamelus alexandrae (19235) | |
| Barstovian | Mexico (Oaxaca) | Procamelus sp. (18722) | |
| Barstovian | USA (Texas) | Alticamelus sp. (18628 18637 207493) Procamelus leptognathus (18650) | |
| Barstovian | USA (Wyoming) | Aepycamelus sp. (19099) | |