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Cercopithecinae
Taxonomy
Cercopithecinae is a subfamily. It is extant. It was considered monophyletic by Xing et al. (2005).
It was assigned to Cercopithecoidea by Gilbert (2007); and to Cercopithecidae by Frost (2001), Jablonski (2002), Xing et al. (2005), Wilson and Reeder (2005), Osterholz et al. (2008), Jablonski and Frost (2010), Gilbert (2013), Plavcan et al. (2019), Frost et al. (2020).
It was assigned to Cercopithecoidea by Gilbert (2007); and to Cercopithecidae by Frost (2001), Jablonski (2002), Xing et al. (2005), Wilson and Reeder (2005), Osterholz et al. (2008), Jablonski and Frost (2010), Gilbert (2013), Plavcan et al. (2019), Frost et al. (2020).
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 2001 | Cercopithecinae Frost |
| 2002 | Cercopithecinae Jablonski |
| 2005 | Cercopithecinae Wilson and Reeder |
| 2005 | Cercopithecinae Xing et al. |
| 2007 | Cercopithecinae Gilbert |
| 2008 | Cercopithecinae Osterholz et al. p. 2 |
| 2010 | Cercopithecinae Jablonski and Frost |
| 2013 | Cercopithecinae Gilbert |
| 2019 | Cercopithecinae Plavcan et al. |
| 2020 | Cercopithecinae Frost et al. |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Subfm. Cercopithecinae
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Tr. Cercopithecini Gray 1825
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G. Allochrocebus Elliot 1913 [terrestrial guenons]
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Allochrocebus lhoesti Sclater 1899
Allochrocebus preussi Matschie 1898 [Preuss's Guenon]
Allochrocebus solatus Harrison 1988
G. Cercopithecus Linnaeus 1758
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Cercopithecus albogularis Sykes 1831 [Sykes' monkey]
Cercopithecus albogularis kolbi Neumann 1902
Cercopithecus ascanius Audebert 1799
Cercopithecus campbelli Waterhouse 1838
Cercopithecus cephus Linnaeus 1758 [moustached guenon]
Cercopithecus denti Thomas 1907
Cercopithecus diana Linnaeus 1758 [Diana monkey]
Cercopithecus doggetti Pocock 1907
Cercopithecus dryas Schwartz 1932
Cercopithecus erythrogaster Gray 1866
Cercopithecus erythrotis Waterhouse 1838 [red-eared guenon]
Cercopithecus hamlyni Pocock 1907
Cercopithecus kandti Matschie 1905
Cercopithecus leucampyx Pocock 1907
Cercopithecus lomamiensis Hart et al. 2012 [lesula]
Cercopithecus lowei Thomas 1923
Cercopithecus mitis Wolf 1822 [blue monkey]
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Cercopithecus mitis boutourlini Giglioli 1888 [Boutourlini's blue monkey]
Cercopithecus mona Schreber 1774
Cercopithecus neglectus Schlegel 1876
Cercopithecus nictitans Linnaeus 1766 [greater spot-nosed monkey]
Cercopithecus petaurista Schreber 1774
Cercopithecus pogonias Bennett 1833
Cercopithecus pygerythrus Cuvier 1821 [vervet monkey]
Cercopithecus roloway Schreber 1774
Cercopithecus sabaeus Linnaeus 1766 [green monkey]
Cercopithecus schmidti Matschie 1892
Cercopithecus sclateri Pocock 1904
Cercopithecus wolfi Meyer 1891
Invalid names: Cercopithecus mitis omensis Thomas 1901 [synonym], Lasiopyga Illiger 1811 [synonym]
G. Chlorocebus Gray 1870
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Cercopithecus centralis luteus Elliot 1910
Chlorocebus aethiops Linnaeus 1758 [vervet monkey]
Chlorocebus cynosuros Scopoli 1786
Chlorocebus djamdjamensis Neumann 1902
Chlorocebus pygerythrus Cuvier 1821 [vervet monkey]
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Chlorocebus pygerythrus centralis Neumann 1900
Chlorocebus sabaeus Linnaeus 1766 [green monkey]
Chlorocebus tantalus Ogilby 1841
G. Erythrocebus Trouessart 1897
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Erythrocebus patas Schreber 1775 [patas monkey]
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Invalid names: Cercopithecus ruber Gmelin 1788 [synonym]
G. Miopithecus Geoffroy 1842 [talapoin]
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Miopithecus ogouensis Kingdon 1997
Miopithecus talapoin von Schreber 1774
G. Mandrillus Ritgen 1824
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Mandrillus leucophaeus Cuvier 1807 [drill]
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Invalid names: Simia (Papio) cinerea Kerr 1792 [synonym], Simia (Papio) sylvicola Kerr 1792 [synonym], Simia (Papio) uvea Kerr 1792 [synonym], Simia (Papio) variegata Kerr 1792 [synonym], Simia silvestris Schreber 1800 [synonym], Simia sylvestris Link 1795 [synonym]
Mandrillus sphinx Linnaeus 1758 [mandrill]
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Invalid names: Simia maimon Linnaeus 1766 [synonym], Simia mormon Alströmer 1766 [synonym]
Invalid names: Chaeropithecus Gray 1870 [synonym], Drill Reichenbach 1862 [synonym], Maimon Trouessart 1904 [synonym], Mandril Voigt 1831 [synonym], Mormon Wagner 1839 [synonym]
Tr. Papionini
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G. Macaca Lacépède 1799 [macaque]
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†Macaca anderssoni Schlosser 1924
Macaca arctoides Geoffroy 1831 [stump-tailed macaque]
Macaca assamensis MacClelland 1839
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Invalid names: Macacus (Pithex) pelops Hodgson 1840 [synonym], Macacus problematicus Gray 1870 [synonym], Macacus rhesosimilis Sclater 1872 [synonym]
Macaca cyclopis Swinhoe 1863 [Formosan rock macaque]
Macaca fascicularis Raffles 1822 [crab eating macaque]
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Invalid names: Macacus irus Blanford 1887 [synonym]
†Macaca florentina Cocchi 1872
Macaca fuscata Blyth 1875
Macaca hecki Matschie 1901
†Macaca jiangchuanensis Pan et al. 1992
Macaca leonina Blyth 1863
Macaca leucogenys Li et al. 2015
†Macaca libyca Stromer 1920
Macaca maura Schinz 1825
Macaca mordax Thomas and Wroughton 1909
Macaca mulatta Zimmermann 1780 [rhesus monkey]
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Invalid names: Macacus (Pithex) oinops Hodgson 1840 [synonym], Simia (Cercopithecus) fulvus Kerr 1792 [synonym], Simia erythraea Shaw 1800 [synonym], Simia rhesus Audebert 1798 [synonym]
Macaca munzala Sinha et al. 2005
Macaca nemestrina Linnaeus 1766 [southern pig-tailed macaque]
Macaca nigra Desmarest 1822 [Celebes crested macaque]
Macaca nigrescens Temminck 1849
Macaca ochreata Ogilby 1841
Macaca ochreata brunnescens Matschie 1901
Macaca pagensis Miller 1903
Macaca phaeura Miller 1903
†Macaca prisca Gervais 1859
Macaca radiata Geoffroy 1812 [bonnet macaque]
Macaca siberu Fuentes and Olson 1995
Macaca silenus Linnaeus 1758 [lion-tailed macaque]
Macaca sinica Linnaeus 1771 [toque macaque]
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Invalid names: Cynomolgus (Zati) audeberti Reichenbach 1862 [synonym]
Macaca sylvanus Linnaeus 1758 [Barbary macaque]
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Invalid names: Simia inuus Linnaeus 1766 [synonym]
Macaca thibetana Milne-Edwards 1870 [Tibetan macaque]
Macaca tonkeana Meyer 1899
Subg. Macacus (Pithex) Hodgson 1840
Macacus cynomolgus Schreber 1775
†Macacus eocaenus Owen 1846
†Macacus priscus Gervais 1859
†Macacus robustus Young
†Macacus sivalensus Lydekker 1878
Invalid names: Eopithecus [synonym]
Subtr. Macacina Owen 1843
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G. †Paradolichopithecus Necrasov et al. 1961
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†Paradolichopithecus arvernensis Deperet 1929
†Paradolichopithecus gansuensis Qiu et al. 2004
†Paradolichopithecus geticus Necrasov et al. 1961
G. †Procynocephalus Schlosser 1924
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†Procynocephalus pinjorii Verma 1969
†Procynocephalus subhimalayanus von Meyer 1848
†Procynocephalus wimani Schlosser 1924
Subtr. Papionina
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G. Cercocebus Geoffroy 1812
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Cercocebus agilis Milne-Edwards 1886
Cercocebus chrysogaster Lydekker 1900
Cercocebus galeritus Peters 1879
Cercocebus lunulatus Temminck 1853
Cercocebus sanjei Mittermeier 1986
Cercocebus torquatus Kerr 1792 [collared mangabey]
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Invalid names: Cercocebus collaris Gray 1843 [objective synonym]
G. Lophocebus Palmer 1903 [crested mangabey]
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Lophocebus albigena Gray 1850 [gray-cheeked mangabey]
Lophocebus aterrimus Oudemans 1890
Lophocebus johnstoni Lydekker 1900
Lophocebus opdenboschi Scouteden 1944
Lophocebus osmani Groves 1978
Lophocebus ugandae Matschie 1912
G. Papio Erxleben 1777 [baboon]
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Subg. Papio (Inuus) Matschie 1901
Papio anubis Cuvier 1824 [olive baboon]
Papio anubis doguera Pucheran 1856
Papio hamadryas Linnaeus 1758 [Hamadryas baboon]
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Invalid names: Cercopithecus hamadryas Kerr 1792 [synonym], Simia cynamolgos Linnaeus 1758 [synonym]
†Papio izodi Gear 1926
Papio kindae Lönnberg 1919
Papio papio Desmarest 1820 [Guinea baboon]
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Invalid names: Cynocephalus olivaceus Geoffroy 1848 [synonym]
Papio porcarius Boddaert 1787
†Papio quadratirostris Iwamoto 1982
†Papio robinsoni Freedman 1957
Papio thoth Ogilby 1843
Papio ursinus Kerr 1792
Invalid names: Cynocephalus Cuvier and Geoffroy 1795 [synonym]
G. †Parapapio Jones 1937
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†Parapapio ado Hopwood 1936
†Parapapio angusticeps Broom 1940
†Parapapio antiquus Haughton 1925
†Parapapio broomi Jones 1937
†Parapapio jonesi Broom 1940
†Parapapio lothagamensis Leakey et al. 2003
†Parapapio whitei Broom 1940
G. Theropithecus Geoffroy 1843 [gelada]
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Subg. †Theropithecus (Omopithecus) Delson 1993
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†Theropithecus (Omopithecus) baringensis Leakey 1969
†Theropithecus (Omopithecus) brumpti Arambourg 1947
†Theropithecus darti Broom and Jepsen 1946
†Theropithecus oswaldi Andrews 1916
Invalid names: Gelada Gray 1843 [synonym], Simopithecus Andrews 1916 [synonym]
G. †Soromandrillus Gilbert 2013
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: f = family, subc = subclass, subp = subphylum, p = phylum | |||||
| References: Lillegraven 1979, Ji et al. 2002, Kiessling 2004, Nowak 1991, Carroll 1988 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Tortonian to the top of the Holocene or 11.63000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 7.246 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 7.246 Ma
Collections (386 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Miocene - Pleistocene | Ethiopia | Cercopithecus sp. (22128) | |
| Tortonian | China (Yunnan) | Macaca sp. (11798) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Algeria | Macaca sp. (34642) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Algeria (Oran) | Macaca flandrini (136913) | |
| Tortonian - Messinian | Kenya | Parapapio lothagamensis (22241 22243) | |
| Tortonian - Zanclean | Ethiopia | Macaca sp. (22179) Macaca sp., Parapapio lothagamensis (22139) | |
| Tortonian - Zanclean | Kenya | Cercocebus sp., Parapapio sp. (22236) | |
| Messinian | Italy (Piedmont) | Macaca indet. (199860) | |
| Messinian | Libya | Macaca sp. (240597 240598) | |
| Messinian - Zanclean | Kenya | Parapapio lothagamensis (22242) | |
| Messinian - Piacenzian | Kenya (Turkana District) | Cercocebus sp., Parapapio sp. (21332) | |
| Messinian - Piacenzian | Kenya | Parapapio sp., Papionini indet. (22237) | |
| Early/Lower Pliocene | Spain (Murcia) | Macaca sp. (185681) | |
| Early/Lower Pliocene | Kenya | Theropithecus sp., Parapapio ado (232486) | |
| Early/Lower Pliocene | Ethiopia | Parapapio sp. (22135) | |
| Early/Lower Pliocene | Kenya (Turkana District) | Theropithecus sp., Parapapio ado, Nanopithecus browni (198275) | |
| Zanclean | Kenya (Turkana District) | Parapapio jonesi (21336) | |
| Zanclean | Kenya | Papionini indet. (22277) Papionini indet., Parapapio ado (22234) Parapapio sp. (22338) Theropithecus brumpti (21428) | |
| Zanclean | Ethiopia | Cercocebus sp., Cercopithecus sp. (22175) Cercopithecinae indet. (22176) Parapapio sp. (22160) Parapapio sp., Theropithecus sp., Theropithecus oswaldi (22133) Theropithecus oswaldi (22131) Theropithecus sp. (22174) | |
| Pliocene | South Africa | Simopithecus darti (22355) | |