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Taxonomy
Pholadoidea was named by Lamarck (1809). It is extant.
It was assigned to Pholadina by Ward (1992), Coan et al. (2000); to Myoida by Bieler and Mikkelsen (2006), Rosenberg et al. (2006); to Veneroida by Nevesskaja (2009); to Myida by Bouchet et al. (2010); and to Pholadida by Carter et al. (2011).
It was assigned to Pholadina by Ward (1992), Coan et al. (2000); to Myoida by Bieler and Mikkelsen (2006), Rosenberg et al. (2006); to Veneroida by Nevesskaja (2009); to Myida by Bouchet et al. (2010); and to Pholadida by Carter et al. (2011).
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1809 | Pholadacea Lamarck |
| 1809 | Pholadoidea Lamarck |
| 1965 | Pholadacea Newell p. 21 |
| 1980 | Pholadacea Vokes p. 187 |
| 1984 | Pholadacea Squires p. 53 |
| 1987 | Pholadacea Squires p. 71 |
| 1987 | Pholadacea Ward and Blackwelder p. 131 |
| 1992 | Pholadoidea Ward p. 115 |
| 1993 | Pholadacea Kennedy p. 397 |
| 2000 | Pholadoidea Coan et al. p. 466 |
| 2006 | Pholadoidea Bieler and Mikkelsen p. 235 |
| 2006 | Pholadoidea Rosenberg et al. |
| 2009 | Pholadoidea Nevesskaja |
| 2010 | Pholadoidea Bouchet et al. |
| 2011 | Pholadoidea Carter et al. p. 17 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Superfm. Pholadoidea Lamarck 1809
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Fm. Pholadidae Lamarck 1809 [piddock]
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G. Cyrtopleura Tryon 1862
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Subg. Cyrtopleura (Scobinopholas) Grant and Gale 1931
Cyrtopleura costata Linnaeus 1758
Cyrtopleura crucigera Sowerby 1834
†Cyrtopleura levesquei Watelet 1851
Subfm. Jouannetiinae Tryon 1862
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G. Netastoma
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Netastoma rostratum Valenciennes 1846 [beaked piddock]
†Netastoma squiresi Kennedy 1993
Invalid names: Nettastomella Carpenter 1865 [synonym]
G. Lignopholas Turner 1955
G. Martesia Sowerby 1824
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Subg. Martesia (Martesia) Sowerby 1834
Subg. Martesia (Particoma)
†Martesia cazadoriana Wilckens 1907
†Martesia clausa Gabb 1864
Martesia cuneiformis Say 1822
†Martesia cylindrica Riedel 1933
†Martesia mcevoyi McLearn 1929
†Martesia meganosensis Clark and Woodford 1927
†Martesia oligocenica Maury 1912
†Martesia ovalis Say 1820
†Martesia sanctidominici Maury 1917
†Martesia sanctipauli Maury 1917
Martesia striata Linnaeus 1758
Subfm. Martesiinae Grant 1931
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G. †Formosulus
G. †Heteropholas
G. Parapholas Conrad 1848
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Parapholas californica Conrad 1837 [scale-sided piddock]
†Parapholas satoi Nagao 1928
G. Penitella Valenciennes 1846
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Penitella conradi Valenciennes 1846 [abalone piddock]
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Invalid names: Pholadidea parva Tryon 1865 [synonym]
Penitella fitchi Turner 1955
†Penitella gabbii Tryon 1863
Penitella penita Conrad 1837 [flat-tipped piddock]
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Invalid names: Penitella speloeum Conrad 1855 [synonym]
Penitella richardsoni Kennedy 1989
†Pholadidea (Penitella) lorenzana Clark 1925
G. Pholadidea Turton 1819
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Subg. Pholadidea (Hatasia)
†Pholadidea increnata Marwick 1929
†Pholadidea patagonica Philippi 1887
G. †Ramsetia Stephenson 1941
G. †Xylophomya
Subfm. Pholadinae Lamarck 1809
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G. Barnea Leach 1826
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Subg. Barnea (Umitakea) Habe 1952
Barnea pacifica Stearns 1871 [mud piddock]
†Barnea shihchoensis Wang 1983
Barnea subtruncata Sowerby I 1834
†Barnea tiara Tate 1887
Barnea truncata Say 1822
G. †Clavipholas Conrad 1868
G. Cyrtopleuropsis Pacaud 1998
G. Monothyra Tryon 1862
G. Nipponopholas Okamato and Habe 1987
G. Pholas Linnaeus 1758
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Subg. †Pholas (Monothyra)
Subg. Pholas (Thovana) Gray 1847
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Pholas (Thovana) campechiensis Gmelin 1791
Pholas (Thovana) chiloensis Molina 1782
†Pholas (Thovana) producta Conrad 1863
†Pholas arcuata Conrad 1841
†Pholas baudoni Deshayes 1857
Pholas dactylus Linnaeus 1758
†Pholas intermedia Wood 1879
†Pholas mackiana Maury 1912
†Pholas pectorosa Conrad 1852
†Pholas triquetra Conrad 1848
Invalid names: Hypogaea Poli 1791 [synonym]
G. †Zirlona
Invalid names: Pholadini Lamarck 1809 [empty], Zirfaeinae Gray 1851 [synonym]
Subfm. Xylophaginae Purchon 1941
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G. †Xylophagella Meek 1864
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†Xylophagella crassula Stoliczka 1870
†Xylophagella littlei Hryniewicz 2019
G. Xylopholas Turner 1972
G. Xyloredo Turner 1972
Invalid names: Hypogaeidae Rafinesque 1815 [synonym], Martesinae Grant and Gale 1931 [empty]
Fm. Teredinidae Rafinesque 1815
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Subfm. Kuphinae Tryon 1862
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G. Kuphus Guettard 1770
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†Kuphus fistula Lea 1843
Kuphus polythalamia Linnaeus 1767
Invalid names: Clossonnaria Ferussac 1821 [synonym], Furcella Lamarck 1801 [synonym], Succinodon Huene 1941 [synonym]
G. †Terebrimya Stephenson 1953
Subfm. Teredininae Rafinesque 1815
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G. †Bactronophorus Tapparone-Canefri 1877
Subfm. Bankiini Turner 1966
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G. Bankia Gray 1842
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Subg. Bankia (Lyrodobankia)
†Bankia lincolnensis Durham and Zullo 1961
Bankia setacea Tryon 1863
G. Nototeredo Bartsch 1923
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†Nototeredo globosa Meek and Hayden 1858
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Invalid names: Teredo selliformis Meek and Hayden 1860 [synonym]
G. †Dicyathifer Iredale 1932
G. †Lyrodus Gould 1870
G. Teredora Bartsch 1921
G. †Uperotus Guettard 1770
Invalid names: Teredinini Rafinesque 1815 [empty]
G. †Teredinopsis
G. Teredo Linnaeus 1758
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Subg. †Teredo (Psiloteredo) Bartsch 1922
†Teredo alpina Traub 1938
†Teredo dendrolestes Brown and Pilsbry 1911
†Teredo mississippiensis Conrad 1854
†Teredo pugetensis White 1889
†Teredo simplex Lea 1833
†Teredo simplexopsis de Gregorio 1890
†Teredo virginiana Clark 1895
G. Teredothyra Bartsch 1921
G. †Turnus Gabb 1864
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†Turnus gregarius Anderson 1938
†Turnus lacombi McLearn 1933
†Turnus plenus Gabb 1864
Invalid names: Teredolithus Bartsch 1930 [invalid subgroup]
Fm. Xylophagaidae Purchon 1941
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Invalid names: Pholadacea Lamarck 1809 [replaced]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: superf = superfamily, c = class | |||||
| References: Aberhan et al. 2004, Sanchez Roig 1926 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Sinemurian to the top of the Holocene or 199.50000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 192.9 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 192.9 Ma
Collections (896 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sinemurian | Peru | Bankia sp. (36961) | |
| Pliensbachian - Aalenian | Peru (JunÃn) | Martesia sp. (202438) | |
| Callovian | India | Turnus callovensis (61467) | |
| Middle Oxfordian | Germany (Niedersachsen) | Jouannetia sp. (31435) | |
| Middle Oxfordian | France | Jouannetia gelyana (11084) | |
| Tithonian | Greenland | Xylophagainae indet. (1227) | |
| Berriasian | Russian Federation | Teredo sp. (2499) | |
| Early/Lower Barremian | South Africa | Teredo sp. (65839) | |
| Late/Upper Barremian | Greenland | Turnus sp. (55728 55730 55731) | |
| Early/Lower Aptian | Switzerland | Pholas cornueliana (2175) | |
| Aptian | Japan (Iwate) | Teredo matsushimaensis (40315 40316 40553 40554) | |
| Aptian | United Kingdom (England) | Goniochasma dallasi (1859) | |
| Late/Upper Aptian | South Africa | Teredo sp. (65837 65963) | |
| Late/Upper Aptian | New Zealand | Martesia sp. (65630 65634 65635) | |
| Late/Upper Aptian - Early/Lower Albian | USA (California) | Turnus gregarius (225527) | |
| Early/Lower Albian | United Kingdom (England) | Martesia sp., Terebrimya sp., Xylophagella sp. (1785) Terebrimya sp. (1834) | |
| Albian | Switzerland | Pholas sanctae-crucis (2167) | |
| Albian | Canada (Alberta) | Turnus lacombi (87418) | |
| Motuan | New Zealand | Teredo sp. (83507) | |
| Cenomanian | USA (California) | Martesia sp. (167602 185726) | |