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Placodermiomorphi
Taxonomy
Placodermiomorphi is an unranked clade.
It was assigned to Gnathostomata by Long (2011), Nelson et al. (2016).
It was assigned to Gnathostomata by Long (2011), Nelson et al. (2016).
Subtaxa
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 2011 | Placodermiomorphi Long p. 241 |
| 2016 | Placodermiomorphi Nelson et al. p. 36 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Unr. †Placodermiomorphi
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Cl. †Placodermi M'Coy 1848 [armour-plated fish]
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Or. †Acanthothoraci Stensiö 1944
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G. †Breizosteus Goujet 1980
Fm. †Palaeacanthaspidae Stensio 1944
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G. †Radotina Gross 1950
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†Radotina kosorensis Gross 1950
†Radotina prima Barrande 1872
†Radotina tessellata Gross 1958
Invalid names: Kolymaspidae Bystrow 1956 [empty], Radotinidae Arambourg 1958 [empty]
Or. †Antiarcha Cope 1885
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G. †Lepadolepis White and Moy-Thomas 1940
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†Lepadolepis stensioei Gross 1933
Invalid names: Ceratolepis Gross 1933 [replaced]
G. †Macrodontophion Zborzewski 1834
G. †Microbrachius Traquair 1888
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†Microbrachius chuandongensis Wang and Zhang 1999
†Microbrachius dicki Traquair 1888
†Microbrachius kedoae den Blaauwen et al. 2018
†Microbrachius sinensis Pan 1984
Fm. †Silurolepidae Zhang et al. 2010
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Invalid names: Antiarchi Cope 1885 [synonym], Yunnanolepiformes Zhang 1978 [empty]
Or. †Antiarchiformes Grande and Eastman 1986
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Subor. †Bothriolepidoidei Cope 1886
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G. †Tenizolepis Malinovskaya 1977
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†Tenizolepis asiatica Malinovskaya 1977
†Tenizolepis rara Malinovskaya 1977
Fm. †Tubalepididae Moloshnikov 2011
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G. †Tongdulepis Luo et al. 2025
G. †Tubalepis Panteleyev and Moloshnikov 2003
Subor. †Yunnanolepidoidei
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Fm. †Chuchinolepidae Chang 1978
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G. †Chuchinolepis Chang 1978
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Invalid names: Orientolepis P'an and Wang 1978 [synonym], Procondylolepis Zhang 1984 [synonym], Qujinolepis Zhang 1978 [synonym]
Infraor. †Euantiarcha Janvier and Pan 1982
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Subor. †Asterolepidoidei Miles 1968
Fm. †Bothriolepididae Cope 1886
G. †Luquanolepis Zhang and Young 1992
Fm. †Microbrachiidae
Invalid names: Gerdalepididae [empty]
Fm. †Yunnanolepididae Zhang 1978
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G. †Heteroyunnanolepis Wang 1994
G. †Mizia Zhu 1996
G. †Parayunnanolepis Zhang et al. 2001
G. †Yunnanolepis Liu 1963
Invalid names: Chuchinolepididae [empty], Yunnanolepida [synonym]
Invalid names: Bothriolepoidei [empty]
Or. †Arthrodira Woodward 1891
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Fm. †Acanthaspida Heintz 1921
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Subor. †Actinolepina Miles 1973
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Fm. †Actinolepidae Gross 1940
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G. †Actinolepis Agassiz 1845
G. †Aethaspis Denison 1958
G. †Ailuracantha White 1969
G. †Aleosteus Johnson et al. 2000
G. †Anarthraspis Bryant 1934
G. †Baringaspis Miles 1973
G. †Bollandaspis Schmidt 1976
G. †Bryantolepis Denison 1958
G. †Heightingtonaspis White 1969
G. †Kujdanowiaspis Stensio 1942
G. †Lataspis Strand 1932
G. †Lehmanosteus Goujet 1984
G. †Mediaspis Heintz 1929
G. †Proaethaspis Denison 1978
G. †Sigaspis Goujet 1973
G. †Simblaspis Denison 1958
G. †Stuertzaspis Westoll and Miles 1963
G. †Szelepis Liu 1979
G. †Africanaspis Long et al. 1997
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†Africanaspis doryssa Long et al. 1997
†Africanaspis edmountaini Gess and Trinajstic 2017
G. †Arenipiscis Young 1981
G. †Aspidichthys Newberry 1873
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†Aspidichthys clavatus Newberry 1873
†Aspidichthys ingens Koenen 1883
†Aspidichthys notabilis Whiteaves 1892
G. †Atlantidosteus Lelievre 1984
Subor. †Brachythoraci Gross 1932
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Superfm. †Brachydeiroidea Denison 1978
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Fm. †Brachydeiridae Gross 1932
Fm. †Leptosteidae Jaekel 1911
Superfm. †Buchanosteoidea Denison 1978
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Fm. †Buchanosteidae White 1952
Fm. †Williamsaspidae White 1952
Superfm. †Coccosteoidea Denison 1978
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Fm. †Coccosteidae Asmuss 1856
Fm. †Gemuendenaspidae Miles 1962
Fm. †Pholidosteidae Gross 1932
Superfm. †Dinichthyoidea Denison 1978
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Fm. †Leiosteidae Stensiö 1963
Fm. †Trematosteidae Gross 1932
G. †Callognathus Newberry 1890
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†Callognathus regularis Newberry 1889
†Callognathus serratus Newberry 1889
Fm. †Camuropiscidae Dennis and Miles 1979
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G. †Camuropiscis Dennis and Miles 1979
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†Camuropiscis concinnus Dennis and Miles 1979
†Camuropiscis laidlawi Dennis and Miles 1979
Or. †Coccosteina Heintz 1932
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Invalid names: Euleptaspididae Obruchev 1964 [empty], Gemuendenaspoidea Denison 1978 [empty]
G. †Cosmacanthus Agassiz 1845
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†Cosmacanthus bullatus Saint John and Worthen 1875
†Cosmacanthus carinatus Davis 1883
†Cosmacanthus malcolmsoni Agassiz 1844
†Cosmacanthus marginalis Davis 1883
†Cosmacanthus priscus Mcoy 1848
†Cosmacanthus stellatus Saint John and Worthen 1875
G. †Errolosteus Young 1981
Unr. †Eubrachythoraci Miles 1971
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Unr. †Aspinothoracidi Miles and Dennis 1979
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Fm. †Dinichthyidae Newberry 1888
G. †Gorgonichthys Claypole 1892
G. †Hadrosteus Gross 1932
G. †Heintzichthys Whitley 1933
G. †Homostius Asmuss 1840
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†Homosteus milleri Traquair 1849
†Homostius arcticus Heintz 1934
†Homostius formosissimus Asmuss 1856
†Homostius kochi Stensio 1938
†Homostius latus Asmuss 1856
†Homostius manitobensis Okulitch 1944
†Homostius sulcatus Kutorga 1837
Unr. †Pachyosteomorphi Stensiö 1944
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Superfm. †Dunkleosteoidea Vézina 1990
G. †Kiangyousteus Liu 1955
Fm. †Groenlandaspididae Obruchev 1964
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G. †Groenlandaspis Heintz 1932
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†Groenlandaspis antarctica Ritchie 1975
†Groenlandaspis disjectus Woodward 1891
†Groenlandaspis howittensis Fitzpatrick et al. 2024
†Groenlandaspis mirabilis Heintz 1932
†Groenlandaspis pennsylvanica Daeschler et al. 2003
†Groenlandaspis potyi Olive et al. 2015
†Groenlandaspis riniensis Long et al. 1997
†Groenlandaspis seni Janvier and Ritchie 1977
†Groenlandaspis silva Deschenes 2019
†Groenlandaspis theroni Chaloner et al. 1980
†Groenlandaspis thorezi Janvier and Clement 2005
G. †Turrisaspis Daeschler et al. 2003
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†Turrisaspis elektor Daeschler et al. 2003
†Turrisaspis strudensis Olive et al. 2016
G. †Huaningichthys Wang 1979
Superfm. †Incisoscutoidea Long 1994
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Fm. †Incisoscutidae Denison 1984
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Fm. †Plourdosteidae Vézina 1990
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G. †Compagopiscis GARDINER and MILES 1994
G. †Protitanichthys Eastman 1908
G. †Kimberleyichthys Dennis-Bryan and Miles 1983
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Invalid names: Kimberia Dennis-Bryan and Miles 1983 [replaced]
G. †Kueichowlepis Pan and Wang 1975
Fm. †Mylostomatidae Woodward 1891
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G. †Dinomylostoma Eastman 1906
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†Dinomylostoma beecheri Eastman 1906
†Dinomylostoma buffaloensis Hussakof and Bryant 1919
†Dinomylostoma eastmani Hussakof 1913
G. †Mylostoma Newberry 1883
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†Mylostoma eurhinus Dunkle and Bungart 1945
†Mylostoma newberryi Eastman 1907
†Mylostoma terrelli Newberry 1883
†Mylostoma variabile Newberry 1883
Subor. †Pachyosteina Obruchev 1964
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Invalid names: Erromenosteidae Obruchev 1964 [empty], Hussakofiidae Obruchev 1964 [empty]
G. †Parawilliamsaspis Liu 1980
Subor. †Phlyctaenina Miles 1973
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Fm. †Holonematidae Obruchev 1932
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G. †Belemnacanthus Eastman 1898
G. †Deirosteus Wells 1942
G. †Deveonema Kulczycki 1957
G. †Gyroplacosteus Obrutschev 1930
G. †Holonema Newberry 1890
G. †Megaloplax Obrutschev 1933
G. †Rhenonema Obruchev 1964
G. †Tiaraspis Gross 1962
G. †Tropidosteus Gross 1933
Fm. †Phlyctaeniidae Fowler 1947
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G. †Aggeraspis Gross 1962
G. †Arctaspis Heintz 1929
G. †Arctolepis Eastman 1908
G. †Barwickosteus Young and Long 2014
G. †Cartieraspis Pageau 1969
G. †Diadsomaspis Gross 1937
G. †Dicksonosteus Goujet 1975
G. †Gaspeaspis Pageau 1969
G. †Grifftaylor Young and Long 2014
G. †Heterogaspis Strand 1932
G. †Huginaspis Heintz 1929
G. †Kolpaspis Pageau 1969
G. †Neophlyctaenius White 1969
G. †Pageauaspis Denison 1978
G. †Phlyctaenius Traquair 1890
G. †Prosphymaspis Gross 1937
Fm. †Selenosteidae Dean 1901
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G. †Enseosteus Jaeckel 1919
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†Enseosteus hermanni Stensiö 1959
†Enseosteus jaekeli Gross 1932
†Enseosteus marocanensis Rücklin 2011
†Enseosteus pachyostoides Stensiö 1959
G. †Melanomontanosteus Prokofiev 2023
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†Melanomontanosteus occitanus Prokofiev 2023
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Invalid names: Melanosteus occitanus Lelièvre et al. 1987 [replaced]
Invalid names: Melanosteus Lelievre and Goujet 1987 [replaced]
G. †Rhinosteus Jaeckel 1911
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†Rhinosteus parvulus Gross 1932
†Rhinosteus traquairi Jaekel 1911
†Rhinosteus tuberculatus Gross 1932
G. †Stenosteus Dean 1901
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†Stenosteus angustopectus Carr 1996
†Stenosteus glaber Dean 1901
†Stenosteus pertenuis Branson 1911
G. †Walterosteus Stensiö 1959
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†Walterosteus grossi Rücklin 2011
†Walterosteus lelievrei Rücklin 2011
†Walterosteus pachyostoides Stensiö 1959
G. †Squamatognathus Hanke et al. 1996
G. †Taemasosteus White 1952
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†Taemasosteus maclartiensis Long 1984
†Taemasosteus novaustrocambricus White 1952
Or. †Temnothoraci
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Fm. †Titanichthyidae Dean 1901
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G. †Holopetalichthys Koenen 1895
G. †Titanichthys Newberry 1885
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†Titanichthys agassizii Newberry 1885
†Titanichthys attenuatus Wright 1893
†Titanichthys brevis Claypole 1896
†Titanichthys clarkii Newberry 1887
†Titanichthys hussakofi Hay 1932
†Titanichthys kozlowskii Kulczycki 1957
†Titanichthys rectus Claypole 1893
†Titanichthys termieri Lehman 1954
G. †Torosteus Gardiner and Miles 1990
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†Torosteus pulchellus Gardiner and Miles 1990
†Torosteus tuberculatus Gardiner and Miles 1990
G. †Tyriolepis Karatajute-Talimaa 1968
Subor. †Wuttagoonaspina Ritchie 1973
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Invalid names: Arthrodiriformes Grande and Eastman 1986 [synonym], Brachydeirina Denison 1975 [empty], Heterostiina Denison 1975 [empty], Holonematina Denison 1975 [empty], Pachyosteidae Gross 1932 [empty], Phylctaeniida [empty], Stegophthalami [empty]
G. †Asiacanthus Liu 1948
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†Asiacanthus kaoi P'am 1964
†Asiacanthus multituberculatus Liu 1948
†Asiacanthus suni P'an 1964
Or. †Brindabellaspida Young 1980
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G. †Changyonophyton Sze 1952
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†Changyanophyton hupeiense Sze 1952
†Changyonophyton hupeiense Sze 1952
Or. †Coccostei Jaekel 1911
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Invalid names: Coccostei Jaekel 1911 [empty], Heterostei Jaekel 1911 [empty], Homostei Jaekel 1911 [empty]
G. †Coelosteichthys Whitley 1940
G. †Nessariostoma Broili 1933
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†Nessariostoma granulosum Broili 1933
Invalid names: Nessariostoma Broili 1933 [objective synonym]
G. †Oestophorus Miller 1892
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†Oestophorus lilleyi Newberry 1889
Invalid names: Sphenophorus Newberry 1889 [replaced]
Subor. †Petalichthyida Jaekel 1911
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G. †Diandongpetalichthys P’an and Wang 1978
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†Diandongpetalichthys liaojiaoshanensis P’an and Wang 1978
Fm. †Macropetalichthyidae Eastman 1898
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G. †Guangxipetalichthys Ji and Pan 1997
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†Guangxipetalichthys bobaiensis Ji and Pan 1997
†Guangxipetalichthys tiaomajianensis Ji and Pan 1997
G. †Lunaspis Broili 1929
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†Lunaspis broilii Gross 1937
†Lunaspis heroldi Broili 1929
†Lunaspis pruemiensis Kayser 1880
G. †Macropetalichthys Norwood and Owen 1846
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†Macropetalichthys agassizi Meyer 1846
†Macropetalichthys pelmensis Hennig 1907
†Macropetalichthys rapheidolabis Norwood and Owen 1846
†Macropetalichthys sullivanti Newberry 1857
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Invalid names: Agassichthys manni Newberry 1857 [synonym]
G. †Pampetalichthys Zhu 2000
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†Pampetalichthys longhuaensis Zhu 2000
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Invalid names: Holopetalichthys longhuaensis Zhu and Wang 1996 [replaced]
Fm. †Quasipetalichthyidae Liu 1991
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Invalid names: Diandongpetalichthys P’an and Wang 1978 [valid], Eurycaraspis Liu 1991 [valid], Litilpetalichthyes [valid], Macropetalichthyida [empty], Macropetalichthyida [empty], Macropetalichthyidae Eastman 1898 [valid], Petalichthyiformes [synonym], Petalichthyiformes [synonym], Quasipetalichthyidae Liu 1991 [valid], Shearsbyaspis Young 1984 [valid], Xinanpetalichthys P’an and Wang 1978 [valid]
Subor. †Petalichthyida Jaekel 1911
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G. †Diandongpetalichthys P’an and Wang 1978
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†Diandongpetalichthys liaojiaoshanensis P’an and Wang 1978
Fm. †Macropetalichthyidae Eastman 1898
+
G. †Guangxipetalichthys Ji and Pan 1997
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†Guangxipetalichthys bobaiensis Ji and Pan 1997
†Guangxipetalichthys tiaomajianensis Ji and Pan 1997
G. †Lunaspis Broili 1929
+
†Lunaspis broilii Gross 1937
†Lunaspis heroldi Broili 1929
†Lunaspis pruemiensis Kayser 1880
G. †Macropetalichthys Norwood and Owen 1846
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†Macropetalichthys agassizi Meyer 1846
†Macropetalichthys pelmensis Hennig 1907
†Macropetalichthys rapheidolabis Norwood and Owen 1846
†Macropetalichthys sullivanti Newberry 1857
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Invalid names: Agassichthys manni Newberry 1857 [synonym]
G. †Pampetalichthys Zhu 2000
+
†Pampetalichthys longhuaensis Zhu 2000
+
Invalid names: Holopetalichthys longhuaensis Zhu and Wang 1996 [replaced]
Fm. †Quasipetalichthyidae Liu 1991
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Invalid names: Diandongpetalichthys P’an and Wang 1978 [valid], Eurycaraspis Liu 1991 [valid], Litilpetalichthyes [valid], Macropetalichthyida [empty], Macropetalichthyida [empty], Macropetalichthyidae Eastman 1898 [valid], Petalichthyiformes [synonym], Petalichthyiformes [synonym], Quasipetalichthyidae Liu 1991 [valid], Shearsbyaspis Young 1984 [valid], Xinanpetalichthys P’an and Wang 1978 [valid]
Or. †Phyllolepida Stensiö 1934
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Subor. †Antarctaspina Denison 1975
+
Fm. †Antarctaspididae White 1968
+
G. †Antarctaspis White 1968
G. †Potangaspis Zhu et al. 2010
G. †Yujiangolepis Wang and Wang 1998
Fm. †Gavinaspididae Dupret and Zhu 2008
+
Subor. †Phyllolepina Denison 1975
+
Fm. †Phyllolepidae Woodward 1891
+
G. †Austrophyllolepis Long 1984
G. †Cowralepis Ritchie 2005
G. †Pentagonolepis Lohest 1890
G. †Phyllolepis Agassiz 1843
G. †Placolepis Ritchie 1984
Or. †Ptyctodontida Gross 1932
+
Fm. †Ptyctodontidae Woodward 1891
+
G. †Acmoniodus Hussakof and Bryant 1920
G. †Chelyophorus Agassiz 1845
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†Chelyophorus griffithii M'Coy 1848
†Chelyophorus pskovensis Obruchev 1947
†Chelyophorus verneuili Agassiz 1844
G. †Eczematolepis Miller 1892
+
†Eczematolepis fragilis Newberry 1857
†Eczematolepis pustulosus Newberry 1875
†Eczematolepis telleri Eastman 1898
Invalid names: Acantholepis Newberry 1875 [replaced]
G. †Palaeomylus Woodward 1891
+
†Palaeomylus crassus Newberry 1873
†Palaeomylus frangens Newberry 1878
†Palaeomylus greenei Newberry 1889
†Palaeomylus hussakofi Bryant 1935
†Palaeomylus lunaeformis Hussakof and Bryant 1919
†Palaeomylus minor Bryant 1935
†Palaeomylus predator Eastman 1898
G. †Ptyctodus Pander 1858
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†Ptyctodus bradyi Hussakof 1942
†Ptyctodus calceolus Newberry and Worthen 1866
†Ptyctodus compressus Eastman 1898
†Ptyctodus czarnockii Gorizdro-Kulczykka 1934
†Ptyctodus eastmani Weller 1906
†Ptyctodus ferox Eastman 1898
†Ptyctodus howlandi Hussakof and Bryant 1919
†Ptyctodus kielcensis Gorizdro-Kulczykka 1934
†Ptyctodus major Rohon 1895
†Ptyctodus molaris Eastman 1898
†Ptyctodus obliquus Pander 1858
†Ptyctodus panderi Eastman 1898
†Ptyctodus punctatus Eastman 1898
†Ptyctodus reimanni Carter 1942
†Ptyctodus sibericus Tolmachoff 1915
G. †Ramphodus Jaekel 1903
G. †Rhynchodus Newberry 1873
+
†Rhynchodus excavatus Newberry 1877
†Rhynchodus eximius Jaekel 1919
†Rhynchodus major Eastman 1898
†Rhynchodus marginalis Gorizdro-Kulczykka 1934
†Rhynchodus occidentalis Newberry 1878
†Rhynchodus ornatus Hussakof and Bryant 1919
†Rhynchodus pertenuis Eastman 1904
†Rhynchodus rostratus Eastman 1898
†Rhynchodus secans Newberry 1873
†Rhynchodus telleri Hussakof and Bryant 1919
†Rhynchodus tetrodon Jaekel 1903
†Rhynchodus wildungensis Jaekel 1929
G. Rinodus Newberry and Worthen 1866
G. †Rhamphodopsis Watson 1938
+
†Rhamphodopsis threiplandi Watson 1934
†Rhamphodopsis trispinatus Watson 1938
G. †Tollodus Mark-Kurik 1977
Invalid names: Ptyctodontiformes [synonym]
Or. †Stensioellida Romer 1945
+
G. †Wangolepis Pan 1986
Invalid names: Acanthothoraciformes [empty], Petalichthyida Jaekel 1911 [empty], Pseudopetalichthyiformes [empty], Rhenaniformes [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available