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Laridae (gull)

Osteichthyes - Charadriiformes - Laridae

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1825Laridae Vigors
1902Laridae Hay p. 525
1930Laridae Hay p. 339
1933Laridae Lambrecht p. 542
1940Laridae Wetmore p. 60
1955Laridae Brodkorb p. 24
1956Laridae Wetmore p. 76
1975Laridae Olson p. 27
1988Laridae Carroll
1990Laridae Chandler p. 132
1992Laridae Baird p. 26
1992Laridae Guthrie p. 323
1992Laridae Parmalee p. 314
2001Laridae Olson and Rasmussen p. 267
2002Laridae Warheit p. 36
2003Laridae Gohlich p. 244
2004Laridae Mourer-Chauviré et al. p. 310
2005Laridae Mayr p. 318
2007Laridae Livezey and Zusi p. 92
2007Laridae Worthy et al. p. 23
2011Laridae De Pietri et al. p. 814
2011Laridae Smith p. 30 figs. Figure 14
2014Laridae del Hoyo et al.
2017Laridae Clements et al.
2018Laridae Carnevale and Godfrey p. 189
2022Laridae Mayr p. 77 figs. fig. 5.2

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
Bilateria
EubilateriaAx 1987
Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
classOsteichthyes
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
Tetrapoda
Reptiliomorpha
Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
Cotylosauria()
Amniota
Sauropsida
classReptilia
subclassEureptilia()
Romeriida
Diapsida()
Archosauromorpha(Huene 1946)
Crocopoda
RankNameAuthor
ArchosauriformesGauthier 1986
Eucrocopoda
Archosauria()
informalAvemetatarsalia
Ornithodira
Dinosauromorpha
Dinosauriformes
Dinosauria()
Saurischia()
Theropoda()
Neotheropoda
AverostraPaul 2002
Tetanurae
Coelurosauria()
Maniraptora
Paraves
classAves
orderCharadriiformesHuxley 1867
suborderLariSharpe 1891
infraorderLarides
superfamilyLaroideaStejneger 1885
familyLaridaeVigors 1825
familyLaridaeVigors 1825

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Fm. Laridae Vigors 1825 [gull]
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Subfm. Anoinae Olson 2011
+
G. †Feducciavis Olson 2011
+
Feducciavis loftini Olson 2011
G. Anous Stephens 1826
+
Anous ceruleus Bennett 1840 [blue-gray noddy]
Anous minutus Boie 1844 [black noddy]
Anous stolidus Linnaeus 1758 [brown noddy]
Anous tenuirostris Temminck 1873 [lesser noddy]
Invalid names: Procelsterna Lafresnaye 1842 [synonym]
G. Chlidonias Rafinesque 1822
+
Chlidonias albostriatus Gray 1845 [black-fronted tern]
Chlidonias niger Linnaeus 1758 [black tern]
Invalid names: Hydrochelidon Boie [synonym]
G. Chroicocephalus Eyton 1836
+
Chroicocephalus bulleri Hutton 1871 [black-billed gull]
Chroicocephalus cirrocephalus Vieillot 1818 [gray-headed gull]
Chroicocephalus hartlaubii Bruch 1853 [Hartlaub's gull]
Chroicocephalus novaehollandiae Stephens 1826 [silver gull]
Chroicocephalus philadelphia Ord 1815 [Bonaparte's gull]
Chroicocephalus ridibundus Linnaeus 1758 [black-headed gull]
G. Creagrus Bonaparte 1854
+
Creagrus furcatus Neboux 1853
G. †Gaviota Miller and Sibley 1941
+
Gaviota niobrara Miller and Sibley 1941
G. Gelochelidon Brehm 1830
+
Gelochelidon nilotica Gmelin 1789 [gull-billed tern]
G. Gygis Wagler 1832
+
Gygis alba Sparman 1786 [white tern]
+
Gygis alba candida Gmelin 1789 [Pacific white tern]
Gygis alba microrhyncha Saunders 1876 [little white tern]
G. Hydrocoloeus Kaup 1829
+
Hydrocoloeus minutus Pallas 1776 [little gull]
G. Hydroprogne Kaup 1829
+
Hydroprogne caspia Pallas 1770 [Caspian tern]
Subfm. Larinae Bonaparte 1831
+
Tr. Lareae Rafinesque 1815
+
G. Blasipus Bonaparte
Invalid names: Xemeae Leach 1819 [empty]
G. Larosterna Blyth 1852
+
Larosterna inca Lesson and Garnot 1827 [inca tern]
G. Larus Linnaeus 1758
+
Subg. Larus (Larus) Linnaeus 1758
Larus argentatus Pontoppidan 1763 [herring gull]
Larus atricilla Linnaeus 1758 [laughing gull]
Larus brachyrhynchus Richardson 1831
Larus cachinnans Pallas 1811 [Caspian gull]
Larus californicus Lawrence 1854 [California gull]
Larus canus Linnaeus 1758 [mew gull]
Larus chalcopterus Bruch 1855
Larus delawarensis Ord 1815 [ring-billed gull]
Larus dolnicensis Svec 1980
Larus dominicanus Lichtenstein 1823 [kelp gull]
Larus elmorei Brodkorb 1953 [gull]
Larus fuscus Linnaeus 1758 [lesser black-backed gull]
Larus glaucescens Naumann 1840 [glaucous-winged gull]
Larus glaucus Brünnich 1764
Larus heermanni Cassin 1852 [Heermann's gull]
Larus hutchinsii Richardson 1831
Larus hyperboreus Gunnerus 1767 [glaucous gull]
Larus lacus Emslie 1995 [gull]
Larus leucopterus Faber 1855
Larus marinus Linnaeus 1758 [great black-backed gull]
Larus occidentalis Audubon 1839 [western gull]
Larus oregonus Shufeldt 1891
Larus perpetuus Emslie 1995 [gull]
Larus pristinus Shufeldt 1915
Larus raemdonckii Van Beneden 1871
Larus robustus Shufeldt 1891
Larus utunui Steadman 2002 [Huahine gull]
Invalid names: Laroides Brehm 1830 [synonym]
G. Leucophaeus Bruch 1853
+
Leucophaeus pipixcan Wagler 1831 [Franklin's gull]
Leucophaeus scoresbii Traill 1823 [dolphin gull]
G. †Limosavis Schufeldt 1915
G. Onychoprion Wagler 1832
+
Onychoprion anaethetus Scopoli 1786 [Bridled tern]
Onychoprion fuscatus Linnaeus 1766 [sooty tern]
Onychoprion lunatus Peale 1848 [gray-backed tern]
G. Pagophila Kaup 1829
+
Pagophila eburnea Phipps 1774 [ivory gull]
G. Rhodostethia MacGillivray 1842
+
Rhodostethia roseus Macgill 1824
G. Rissa Stephens 1826
+
Rissa brevirostris Bruch 1853 [red-legged kittiwake]
Rissa estesi Chandler 1990
Rissa kotzebui Boneparte 1853
Rissa tridactyla Linnaeus 1758 [black-legged kittiwake]
Subfm. Rynchopinae Dickinson and Remsen 2013
+
G. Rynchops Linnaeus 1758
+
Rynchops niger Linnaeus 1758 [Black skimmer]
G. Sterna Linnaeus 1758 [tern]
+
Sterna forsteri Nuttall 1834 [Foster's tern]
Sterna hirundo Linnaeus 1758 [common tern]
Sterna milneedwardsi Riabinin 1931
Sterna paradisaea Pontoppidan 1763 [Arctic tern]
Sterna striata Gmelin 1789 [white-fronted tern]
Sterna sumatrana Raffles 1822 [black-naped tern]
Sterna vittata Gmelin 1789 [Antarctic tern]
Subfm. Sterninae Bonaparte 1838 [tern]
+
G. Phaetusa Wagler 1832
G. Sternula Boie 1822
+
Sternula nereis Gould 1843 [fairy tern]
G. Thalasseus Boie 1822
+
Thalasseus bergii Lichtenstein 1823 [great crested tern]
Thalasseus elegans Gambel 1849 [elegant tern]
Thalasseus maximus Boddaert 1783 [royal tern]
Thalasseus sandvicensis Latham 1787 [Sandwich tern]
G. Xema Leach 1819
+
Xema sabini Sabine 1819 [Sabine's gull]
Invalid names: Gyginae del Hoyo et al. 2014 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available