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Cerapoda
Taxonomy
Cerapoda was named by Sereno (1986) [listed as "Nanorder"]. It is not extant. It was considered monophyletic by Butler et al. (2008) and Butler and Sullivan (2009) and unknown by Zheng et al. (2012).
It was assigned to Neornithischia by Butler et al. (2007), Butler et al. (2008) and Butler and Sullivan (2009); to Ornithischia by Herne et al. (2018); to Clypeodonta by Madzia et al. (2018); to Neornithischia by Han et al. (2012), Zheng et al. (2012) and Herne et al. (2019); and to Genasauria by Sereno (1986), Benton (1990), Buchholz (2002), Weishampel (2004) and Dieudonné et al. (2020).
It was assigned to Neornithischia by Butler et al. (2007), Butler et al. (2008) and Butler and Sullivan (2009); to Ornithischia by Herne et al. (2018); to Clypeodonta by Madzia et al. (2018); to Neornithischia by Han et al. (2012), Zheng et al. (2012) and Herne et al. (2019); and to Genasauria by Sereno (1986), Benton (1990), Buchholz (2002), Weishampel (2004) and Dieudonné et al. (2020).
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1986 | Cerapoda Sereno |
| 1990 | Cerapoda Benton p. 19 |
| 2002 | Cerapoda Buchholz p. 20 |
| 2004 | Cerapoda Weishampel p. 323 |
| 2007 | Cerapoda Butler et al. p. 2044 |
| 2008 | Cerapoda Butler et al. pp. 13-16 figs. 2-4 |
| 2009 | Cerapoda Butler and Sullivan p. 22 |
| 2012 | Cerapoda Han et al. p. 1391 fig. 14 |
| 2012 | Cerapoda Zheng et al. p. 210 |
| 2018 | Cerapoda Herne et al. |
| 2018 | Cerapoda Madzia et al. p. 973 fig. 4 |
| 2019 | Cerapoda Herne et al. p. 573 |
| 2020 | Cerapoda Dieudonné et al. |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Unr. †Cerapoda Sereno 1986
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Unr. †Marginocephalia Sereno 1986
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Unr. †Ceratopsia Marsh 1890 [ceratopsian]
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G. †Albalophosaurus Ohashi and Barrett 2009
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†Albalophosaurus yamaguchiorum Ohashi and Barrett 2009
Fm. †Ceratopsidae Marsh 1888 [ceratopsid]
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Subfm. †Centrosaurinae Lambe 1915
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Unr. †Centrosaurini Ryan et al. 2017
G. †Diabloceratops Kirkland and Deblieux 2010
G. †Machairoceratops Lund et al. 2016
G. †Menefeeceratops Dalman et al. 2021
G. †Monoclonius Cope 1876
Unr. †Nasutoceratopsini Ryan et al. 2017
Unr. †Pachyrhinosaurini Fiorillo and Tykoski 2012
G. †Sinoceratops Xu et al. 2010
G. †Stellasaurus Wilson et al. 2020
G. †Wendiceratops Evans and Ryan 2015
G. †Xenoceratops Ryan et al. 2012
Invalid names: Brachyceratops Gilmore 1914 [nomen dubium]
Subfm. †Chasmosaurinae Lambe 1915
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G. †Agujaceratops Lucas et al. 2006 [Aguja horned face]
G. †Anchiceratops Brown 1914
G. †Arrhinoceratops Parks 1925
G. †Bisticeratops Dalman et al. 2022
G. †Bravoceratops Wick and Lehman 2013
G. †Chasmosaurus Lambe 1914
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Invalid names: Eoceratops Lambe 1915 [synonym], Mojoceratops Longrich 2010 [synonym], Protorosaurus Lambe 1914 [synonym]
G. †Coahuilaceratops Loewen et al. 2010
G. †Judiceratops Longrich 2013
G. †Kosmoceratops Sampson et al. 2010
G. †Navajoceratops Fowler and Freedman Fowler 2020
G. †Pentaceratops Osborn 1923
G. †Sierraceratops Dalman et al. 2022
G. †Spiclypeus Mallon et al. 2016
G. †Terminocavus Fowler and Freedman Fowler 2020
Unr. †Triceratopsini Longrich 2011
G. †Utahceratops Sampson et al. 2010
Invalid names: Ceratops Marsh 1888 [nomen dubium]
Invalid names: Agathaumas Cope 1872 [nomen dubium], Agathaumidae Cope 1889 [synonym], Bison alticornis Marsh 1887 [nomen dubium], Ceratopsinae Abel 1919 [empty], Monocloniinae Nopcsa 1923 [empty], Polyonax Cope 1874 [nomen dubium], Triceratops galeus Marsh 1889 [nomen dubium], Triceratops ingens Lull 1915 [nomen dubium], Triceratops maximus Brown 1933 [nomen dubium], Ugrosaurus CoBabe and Fastovsky 1987 [nomen dubium]
Infraor. †Neoceratopsia Sereno 1986
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G. †Archaeoceratops Dong and Azuma 1997
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†Archaeoceratops oshimai Dong and Azuma 1997
†Archaeoceratops yujingziensis You et al. 2010
Fm. †Chaoyangsauridae Zhao 1983
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G. †Hualianceratops Han et al. 2015
G. †Stenopelix Meyer 1857
G. †Xuanhuaceratops Zhao et al. 2006
G. †Yinlong Xu et al. 2006
Invalid names: Xuanhuasaurus niei Zhao 1985 [nomen dubium]
Unr. †Coronosauria Sereno 1986
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Superfm. †Ceratopsoidea Hay 1902
Fm. †Protoceratopsidae Granger and Gregory 1923
Invalid names: Bagaceratopsidae Alifanov 2003 [empty]
Fm. †Leptoceratopsidae Nopcsa 1923 [leptoceratopsid]
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G. †Cerasinops Chinnery and Horner 2007
G. †Ferrisaurus Arbour and Evans 2019
G. †Gremlin Ryan et al. 2023
G. †Gryphoceratops Ryan et al. 2012
G. †Helioceratops Jin et al. 2009
G. †Ischioceratops He et al. 2015
G. †Koreaceratops Lee et al. 2010
G. †Leptoceratops Brown 1914
G. †Montanoceratops Sternberg 1951
G. †Prenoceratops Chinnery 2004
G. †Udanoceratops Kurzanov 1992
G. †Unescoceratops Ryan et al. 2012
G. †Zhuchengceratops Xu et al. 2010
Invalid names: Archaeoceratopsidae Dong and Azuma 1997 [empty], Ceratopsomorpha Wolfe and Kirkland 1998 [empty], Protoceratopoidea Tereshchenko 2007 [empty]
Fm. †Psittacosauridae Osborn 1923
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G. †Xuanhuasaurus Zhao 1985
Invalid names: Protiguanodontidae Osborn 1923 [synonym], Stenopelyxidae Nopcsa 1927 [synonym]
G. †Psittacosaurus Osborn 1923
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†Psittacosaurus amitabha Napoli et al. 2019
†Psittacosaurus gobiensis Sereno et al. 2010
†Psittacosaurus lujiatunensis Zhou et al. 2006
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Invalid names: Psittacosaurus houi You et al. 2003 [synonym], Psittacosaurus major Sereno et al. 2007 [synonym]
†Psittacosaurus meileyingensis Sereno et al. 1988
†Psittacosaurus mongoliensis Osborn 1923
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Invalid names: Protiguanodon mongoliense Osborn 1923 [synonym], Psittacosaurus guyangensis Cheng 1982 [synonym], Psittacosaurus osborni Young 1932 [synonym], Psittacosaurus protiguanodonensis Young 1958 [synonym], Psittacosaurus tingi Young 1932 [synonym]
†Psittacosaurus neimongoliensis Russell and Zhao 1996
†Psittacosaurus sibiricus Voronkevich and Averianov 2000
†Psittacosaurus xinjiangensis Sereno and Chao 1988
Invalid names: Hongshanosaurus You et al. 2003 [synonym], Protiguanodon Osborn 1923 [synonym], Psittacosaurus mazongshanensis Xu 1997 [nomen dubium], Psittacosaurus ordosensis Russell and Zhao 1996 [nomen dubium]
G. †Serendipaceratops Rich and Vickers-Rich 2003
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†Serendipaceratops arthurcclarkei Rich and Vickers-Rich 2003
Invalid names: Chaoyangosauridae Dong 1992 [empty], Dysganus Cope 1876 [nomen dubium], Eoceratopsinae Lambe 1915 [empty], Kulceratops Nessov 1995 [nomen dubium], Kulceratops kulensis Nessov 1995 [nomen dubium], Microceratus Mateus 2008 [nomen dubium], Pachyrhinosauridae Sternberg 1950 [empty], Ponderopoda Huene 1948 [synonym], Psittacosauroidea Zhao 1983 [empty], Psittacosaurus sattayaraki Buffetaut and Ingavat 1992 [nomen dubium]
Unr. †Pachycephalosauria Maryańska and Osmólska 1974
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Unr. †Eupachycephalosauria Dieudonné et al. 2020
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G. †Homalocephale Maryańska and Osmólska 1974
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†Homalocephale calathocercos Maryańska and Osmólska 1974
G. †Pachycephalosaurus Brown and Schlaikjer 1943
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†Pachycephalosaurus wyomingensis Gilmore 1931
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Invalid names: Dracorex hogwartsia Bakker et al. 2006 [synonym], Pachycephalosaurus grangeri Brown and Schlaikjer 1943 [synonym], Pachycephalosaurus reinheimeri Brown and Schlaikjer 1943 [synonym], Stygimoloch spinifer Galton and Sues 1983 [synonym], Tylosteus ornatus Leidy 1872 [synonym]
Invalid names: Dracorex Bakker et al. 2006 [synonym], Stygimoloch Galton and Sues 1983 [synonym], Tylosteus Leidy 1872 [synonym]
G. †Stegoceras Lambe 1902
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†Stegoceras novomexicanum Jasinski and Sullivan 2011
Invalid names: Hanssuessia Sullivan 2003 [synonym], Ornatotholus Galton and Sues 1983 [synonym]
Fm. †Pachycephalosauridae Sternberg 1945
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Subfm. †Pachycephalosaurinae Sereno 1997
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G. †Acrotholus Evans et al. 2013
G. †Foraminacephale Schott and Evans 2017
G. †Platytholus Horner et al. 2023
G. †Sphaerotholus Williamson and Carr 2003
Invalid names: Gravitholus Wall and Galton 1979 [nomen dubium], Texacephale Longrich et al. 2010 [nomen dubium], Tholocephalidae Sereno 1986 [synonym]
Invalid names: Homalocephalidae Dong 1978 [empty], Pachycephalosauroidea Zhao 1983 [empty], Tianchungosauroidea Zhao 1983 [empty]
Unr. †Ornithopoda Marsh 1881 [ornithopod]
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Fm. †Anomoepodidae Lull 1904
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G. †Apatichnus Hitchcock 1858
G. †Shenmuichnus Li et al. 2012
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†Shenmuichnus wangi Xing et al. 2016
†Shenmuichnus youngteilhardorum Li et al. 2012
Unr. †Clypeodonta Norman 2014
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Unr. †Hypsilophodontidae Dollo 1882 [hypsilophodontid]
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Invalid names: Dryosaurinae Cooper 1985 [empty], Hypsilophodontinae Abel 1919 [empty], Kalodontidae Nopcsa 1901 [synonym], Laosauridae Marsh 1895 [synonym], Macelognathidae Marsh 1884 [synonym], Nanosaurinae Marsh 1878 [empty]
Unr. †Iguanodontia Baur 1891
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Unr. †Dryomorpha Sereno 1986
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Unr. †Ankylopollexia Sereno 1986
Fm. †Dryosauridae Milner and Norman 1984
G. †Eousdryosaurus Escaso et al. 2014
G. †Hesperonyx Rotatori et al. 2024
G. †Owenodon Galton 2009
Unr. †Styracosterna Sereno 1986
Invalid names: Dryosauroidea Norman 1984 [empty]
Unr. †Elasmaria Calvo et al. 2007
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G. †Anabisetia Coria and Calvo 2002
G. †Atlascopcosaurus Rich and Vickers-Rich 1989
G. †Chakisaurus Nogueira et al. 2024
G. †Diluvicursor Herne et al. 2018
G. †Galleonosaurus Herne et al. 2019
G. †Isasicursor Novas et al. 2019
G. †Kangnasaurus Haughton 1915
G. †Leaellynasaura Rich and Vickers-Rich 1989
G. †Macrogryphosaurus Calvo et al. 2007
G. †Mahuidacursor Cruzado-Caballero et al. 2019
G. †Morrosaurus Rozadilla et al. 2016
G. †Talenkauen Novas et al. 2004
G. †Tietasaura Bandeira et al. 2024
G. †Trinisaura Coria et al. 2013
Superfm. †Iguanodontoidea Hay 1902
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G. †Craspedodon Dollo 1883
G. †Lurdusaurus Taquet and Russell 1999
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Invalid names: Gravisaurus Chabli 1988 [objective synonym]
Invalid names: Hadrosauria Horner 1990 [empty], Iguanodon orientalis Rozhdestvensky 1952 [nomen dubium], Lambeosauria Horner 1990 [empty]
G. †Mantellisaurus Paul 2007
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†Mantellisaurus atherfieldensis Hooley 1925
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Invalid names: Dollodon bampingi Paul 2008 [synonym], Heterosaurus neocomiensis Cornuel 1850 [synonym], Mantellodon carpenteri Paul 2012 [synonym]
Invalid names: Dollodon Paul 2008 [synonym], Mantellodon Paul 2012 [synonym], Proplanicoxa Carpenter and Ishida 2010 [nomen dubium]
Unr. †Rhabdodontomorpha Dieudonné et al. 2016
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G. †Emiliasaura Coria et al. 2024
G. †Fostoria Bell et al. 2019
G. †Iani Zanno et al. 2023
G. †Muttaburrasaurus Bartholomai and Molnar 1981
Fm. †Rhabdodontidae Weishampel et al. 2003 [rhabdodontid]
G. †Tenontosaurus Ostrom 1970
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†Tenontosaurus dossi Winkler et al. 1997
†Tenontosaurus tilletti Ostrom 1970
Invalid names: Albisaurus Fritsch 1905 [nomen dubium], Albisaurus scutifer Fritsch 1905 [nomen dubium], Anoplosaurus major Seeley 1879 [nomen dubium], Bihariosaurus Marinescu 1989 [nomen nudum], Camptosauroidea Cooper 1985 [empty], Eucercosaurus Seeley 1879 [nomen dubium], Eucercosaurus tanyspondylus Seeley 1879 [nomen dubium], Euiguanodontia Coria and Salgado 1996 [empty], Fulgurotherium Huene 1932 [nomen dubium], Iguanodon ottingeri Galton and Jensen 1979 [nomen dubium], Loncosaurus Ameghino 1899 [nomen dubium], Procerosaurus exogirarum Fritsch 1878 [nomen dubium], Sphenospondylus Seeley 1883 [nomen dubium], Syngonosaurus Seeley 1879 [nomen dubium], Syngonosaurus macrocercus Seeley 1869 [nomen dubium], Tichosteus Cope 1877 [nomen dubium], Vectisaurus Hulke 1879 [nomen dubium]
G. †Thescelosaurus Gilmore 1913
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†Thescelosaurus assiniboiensis Brown et al. 2011
†Thescelosaurus edmontonensis Sternberg 1940
†Thescelosaurus garbanii Morris 1976
†Thescelosaurus neglectus Gilmore 1913
Invalid names: Bugenasaura Galton 1995 [synonym], Bugenasaura infernalis Galton 1995 [nomen dubium]
Invalid names: Hypsilophodontia Cooper 1985 [synonym]
G. †Dinosauropodes Douglass 1932
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†Dinosauropodes bransfordii Lull 1932
†Dinosauropodes crawfordii Lull 1932
†Dinosauropodes magrawii Lull 1932
†Dinosauropodes nettletoni Lull 1932
†Dinosauropodes osborni Lull 1932
†Dinosauropodes sternbergii Lull 1932
†Dinosauropodes sweetii Lull 1932
†Dinosauropodes wilsoni Lull 1932
Unr. †Euornithopoda Sereno 1986
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Infraor. †Heterodontosauria Cooper 1985
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Invalid names: Pisanosauridae Casamiquela 1967 [empty], Xiphosauridae Sereno 1986 [empty]
Invalid names: Camptosaurus valdensis Lydekker 1889 [nomen dubium], Gilmoreosaurus atavus Nessov 1995 [nomen dubium], Hypsilophodon wielandi Galton and Jensen 1979 [nomen dubium]
G. †Gideonmantellia Ruiz-Omeñaca et al. 2012
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†Gideonmantellia amosanjuanae Ruiz-Omeñaca et al. 2012
Fm. †Iguanodontipodidae Vyalov 1987
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G. †Caririchnium Leonardi 1984
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†Caririchnium billsarjeanti Meyer and Thüring 2003
†Caririchnium liucixini Xing et al. 2016
†Caririchnium lotus Xing et al. 2007
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Invalid names: Iguanodonipus cuadrupedae Moratalla 1993 [synonym]
†Caririchnium magnificum Leonardi 1984
†Caririchnium yeongdongensis Kim et al. 2016
Invalid names: Caririchnium protohadrosaurichnos Lee 1997 [nomen dubium], Laoyingshanpus Xing et al. 2007 [nomen dubium]
G. †Kharkushosauropus Dzhailov and Novikov 1993
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†Kharkushosauropus kharkushensis Dzhailov and Novikov 1993
Invalid names: Brachyguanodonipus Moratalla 1993 [nomen dubium], Gigantoshiraminesauropus Azuma and Takeyama 1991 [nomen dubium], Hadrosaurichnoides Casanovas Cladellas et al. 1994 [nomen dubium], Hadrosauropodus nanxiongensis Xing et al. 2009 [nomen dubium], Iguanodonipus Moratalla 1993 [nomen dubium], Limayichnus Calvo 1991 [nomen dubium], Ornithopodichnus Kim et al. 2009 [nomen dubium], Shiraminesauropus Azuma and Takeyama 1991 [nomen dubium], Sousaichnium Leonardi 1979 [nomen dubium], Staurichnium Leonardi 1979 [nomen dubium], Wealdenichnites Kuhn 1958 [nomen dubium]
Fm. †Iguanodontipodidae Lockley et al. 2014
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G. †Amblydactylus Sternberg 1932
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†Amblydactylus kortmeyeri Currie and Sarjeant 1979
Invalid names: Amblydactylus gethingi Sternberg 1932 [nomen dubium]
G. †Hadrosauropodus Lockley et al. 2003
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†Hadrosauropodus kyoungsookimi Lim et al. 2012
†Hadrosauropodus langstoni Lockley et al. 2003
†Hadrosauropodus leonardii Lockley 1987
G. †Iguanodontipus Sarjeant et al. 1998
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†Iguanodontipus burreyi Sarjeant et al. 1998
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Invalid names: Therangospodus oncalensis Meyer 1998 [synonym]
Fm. †Moyenisauropodidae Ellenberger 1974
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G. †Anomoepus Hitchcock 1848
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†Anomoepus crassus Hitchcock 1889
†Anomoepus culbertsonii King 1844
†Anomoepus fringilla Ellenberger 1974
†Anomoepus gallinuloides King 1844
†Anomoepus giganteus Hitchcock and Grier 1927
†Anomoepus lacertoideus Hitchcock 1858
†Anomoepus major Hitchcock 1858
†Anomoepus minutus Ellenberger 1974
†Anomoepus moabensis Lockley et al. 1992
†Anomoepus moghrebensis Biron and Dutuit 1981
†Anomoepus palmipes Ellenberger 1970
†Anomoepus pienkovskii Gierlinski 1991
†Anomoepus ranivorus Ellenberger 1970
†Anomoepus scambus Hitchcock 1848
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Invalid names: Anomoepus cuneatus Hitchcock 1889 [synonym], Anomoepus curvatus Hitchcock 1862 [synonym], Anomoepus intermedius Hitchcock 1862 [synonym], Anomoepus isodactylus Hitchcock 1889 [synonym], Anomoepus minimus Hitchcock 1862 [synonym], Anomoepus minor Hitchcock 1858 [synonym], Apatichnus circumagens Hitchcock 1858 [synonym], Eubrontes gracillimus Hitchcock 1844 [synonym], Moyenisauropus dodai Ellenberger 1974 [synonym], Moyenisauropus levicauda Ellenberger 1974 [synonym], Moyenisauropus longicauda Ellenberger 1972 [synonym], Moyenisauropus minor Ellenberger 1970 [synonym], Moyenisauropus natatilis Ellenberger 1974 [synonym], Moyenisauropus natator Ellenberger 1970 [synonym], Moyenisauropus vermivorus Ellenberger 1970 [synonym], Plesiornis quadrupes Hitchcock 1858 [synonym]
†Anomoepus shingi Welles 1971
†Anomoepus turda Ellenberger 1972
Invalid names: Hopiichnus Welles 1971 [synonym], Moyenisauropus Ellenberger 1970 [synonym], Shensipus Young 1966 [synonym]
G. †Nanosaurus Marsh 1877
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†Nanosaurus agilis Marsh 1877
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Invalid names: Drinker nisti Bakker et al. 1990 [synonym], Nanosaurus rex Marsh 1877 [synonym], Othnielosaurus consors Marsh 1894 [synonym]
Invalid names: Drinker Bakker et al. 1990 [synonym], Othnielosaurus Galton 2007 [synonym]
G. †Psilotrisauropus Ellenberger 1972
Fm. †Tetrapodosauridae Sternberg 1932
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G. †Unespichnium Bertini and Carvalho 2003
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†Unespichnium ornithopodianus Bertini and Carvalho 2003
G. †Wintonopus Thulborn and Wade 1984
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†Wintonopus latomorum Thulborn and Wade 1984
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Invalid names: Skartopus australis Thulborn and Wade 1984 [synonym]
†Wintonopus middletonae Salisbury et al. 2016
Invalid names: Skartopus Thulborn and Wade 1984 [synonym]
Invalid names: Bonaparteichnium Calvo 1991 [nomen dubium], Brachypoda Thulborn 1974 [empty], Camptosaurichnus Casamiquela and Fasola 1968 [nomen dubium], Camptosauropus Gabuniya and Kurbatov 1988 [nomen dubium], Dolichopoda Thulborn 1974 [empty], Gilmoreosaurus arkhangelskyi Nessov 1995 [nomen dubium], Goseongosauripus Kim 1986 [nomen dubium], Jiayinosauropus Dong et al. 2003 [nomen dubium], Kalodontoidea Huene 1948 [empty], Laosaurus Marsh 1878 [nomen dubium], Laosaurus celer Marsh 1878 [nomen dubium], Laosaurus minimus Gilmore 1924 [nomen dubium], Ornithopodoidea Nopcsa 1929 [synonym], Ornithopoidea Nopcsa 1929 [empty], Othnielia Galton 1977 [nomen dubium], Phyllodon Thulborn 1975 [nomen dubium], Siluosaurus Dong 1997 [nomen dubium], Taponichnus Alonso and Marquillas 1986 [nomen dubium], Telosichnus Alonso and Marquillas 1986 [nomen dubium], Trachodontoidea Huene 1948 [empty]
Invalid names: Chasmatopia Buchholz 2002 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available