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Palaeozygopleura

Gastropoda - Murchisoniina - Palaeozygopleuridae

Taxonomy

Palaeozygopleura was named by Horný (1955) [Sepkoski's age data: D Sieg-u C Mosc-u Sepkoski's reference number: 362,797,1258].

It was assigned to Neotaenioglossa by Sepkoski (2002); to Loxonematidae by Heidelberger and Koch (2005); and to Palaeozygopleuridae by Horný (1955), Bouchet et al. (2005), Fryda et al. (2013) and Ketwetsuriya et al. (2020).

Species

Palaeozyga bohemica, Palaeozyga hanusi, Palaeozyga prantli, Palaeozyga roscobiensis, Palaeozyga sulculosa, Palaeozyga svobodai, P. (Palaeozyga) tenuicostata, P. (Palaeozygopleura), P. alinae, P. angulosum, P. antiqua, P. arcuata, P. attenuata, P. benniana, P. bouskai, P. canningensis, P. chlupaci, P. delphicola, P. devonicans, P. difficile, P. dodgeyi, P. funatum, P. glabra, P. hamiltoniae (syn. P. pexata), P. incurvilineatum, P. joani, P. kaupii, P. laeviusculum, P. lamellosa, P. laxa, P. lefeburii, P. lukesi, P. missouriensis, P. multiplicata, P. muoni, P. nexile, P. noe, P. obesa, P. obliquearcuatum, P. orlejensis, P. parva, P. parvula, P. piligera, P. ranellaeforme, P. rectistriatum, P. redensis, P. robroystonensis, P. roemeri, P. sandbergi, P. scalaroides, P. sibleyensis, P. sicula, P. styliola, P. tenuicostata, P. tenuisulcata, P. terebra, P. vaneki, P. venusta, P. verticalis, P. vesna, P. vostokovae, P. welleri, P. wortheni

Synonyms

Palaeozyga was named by Horný (1955). Its type is Palaeozyga bohemica.

It was reranked as Palaeozygopleura (Palaeozyga) by Horný (1955); it was synonymized subjectively with Palaeozygopleura by Knight et al. (1960).

It was assigned to Palaeozygopleura by Horný (1955).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1955	Palaeozyga Horný p. 124
1955	Palaeozygopleura (Palaeozyga) Horný p. 124
1955	Palaeozygopleura Horný pp. 125 - 126
2002	Palaeozygopleura Sepkoski
2005	Palaeozygopleura Bouchet et al. p. 124
2005	Palaeozygopleura Heidelberger and Koch p. 34
2013	Palaeozygopleura Fryda et al. p. 477
2020	Palaeozygopleura Ketwetsuriya et al. p. 71

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Protostomia
—	Spiralia
superphylum	Lophotrochozoa
phylum	Mollusca

Rank	Name	Author
class	Gastropoda
subclass	Orthogastropoda
order	Murchisoniina
superfamily	Loxonematoidea	(Koken 1889)
family	Palaeozygopleuridae
genus	Palaeozygopleura

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Palaeozygopleura Horný 1955

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Subg. †Palaeozygopleura (Palaeozygopleura) Horný 1955

†Palaeozygopleura (Palaeozygopleura) alinae multicostata Horný 1955

†Palaeozygopleura alinae Perner 1907

†Palaeozygopleura (Palaeozygopleura) alinae planicostata Horný 1955

†Palaeozygopleura angulosum Römer 1850

†Palaeozygopleura antiqua Goldfuss 1844

†Palaeozygopleura arcuata Holzapfel 1882

†Palaeozygopleura attenuata Hall 1859

†Palaeozygopleura benniana Longstaff 1933

†Palaeozygopleura bouskai Horný 1955

†Palaeozygopleura canningensis Cook et al. 2003

†Palaeozygopleura chlupaci Frýda 1993

†Palaeozygopleura delphicola Hall 1860

†Palaeozygopleura devonicans Perner 1903

†Palaeozygopleura difficile Sardeson 1902

†Palaeozygopleura dodgeyi Cook and Camilleri 1997

†Palaeozygopleura funatum Roemer 1855

†Palaeozygopleura glabra Clarke and Swartz 1913

†Palaeozygopleura hamiltoniae Hall 1859

Invalid names: Palaeozygopleura pexata Hall 1861 [synonym]

†Palaeozygopleura incurvilineatum Kirchner 1915

†Palaeozygopleura joani Linsley 1968

†Palaeozygopleura kaupii Goldfuss 1844

†Palaeozygopleura laeviusculum Hall 1879

†Palaeozygopleura lamellosa Maxwell 1961

†Palaeozygopleura laxa Hall 1879

†Palaeozygopleura lefeburii Léveillé 1835

†Palaeozygopleura lukesi Fryda et al. 2013

†Palaeozygopleura missouriensis Williams 1943

†Palaeozygopleura multiplicata Clarke 1904

†Palaeozygopleura muoni Tassell 1982

†Palaeozygopleura nexile Sedgwick and Murchison 1840

†Palaeozygopleura noe Clarke 1885

†Palaeozygopleura obesa Yoo 1994

†Palaeozygopleura obliquearcuatum Sandberger and Sandberger 1855

†Palaeozygopleura orlejensis Gromczakiewicz-Lomnicka 1972

†Palaeozygopleura parva Cox 1857

†Palaeozygopleura parvula Whitfield 1882

†Palaeozygopleura piligera Sandberger and Sandberger 1855

†Palaeozygopleura ranellaeforme Römer 1850

†Palaeozygopleura rectistriatum Hall 1879

†Palaeozygopleura redensis Longstaff 1933

†Palaeozygopleura robroystonensis Longstaff 1933

†Palaeozygopleura roemeri Kayser 1878

†Palaeozygopleura sandbergi Holzapfel 1895

†Palaeozygopleura scalaroides Phillips 1836

†Palaeozygopleura sibleyensis Linsley 1968

†Palaeozygopleura sicula Hall 1879

†Palaeozygopleura styliola Hall 1876

†Palaeozygopleura tenuicostata Horný 1955

†Palaeozygopleura tenuisulcata Sandberger and Sandberger 1854

†Palaeozygopleura terebra Hall 1879

†Palaeozygopleura vaneki Frýda et al. 2008

†Palaeozygopleura venusta Thein and Nitecki 1974

†Palaeozygopleura verticalis Perner 1907

†Palaeozygopleura vesna Horný 1955

†Palaeozygopleura vostokovae Vostokova 1961

†Palaeozygopleura welleri Thein and Nitecki 1974

†Palaeozygopleura wortheni Weller 1916

Invalid names: Palaeozyga Horný 1955 [synonym]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

part	N	mean	minimum	maximum	median	s.d.
shell height	2	9.75	9.50	10.0	9.75	0.354

Composition:

aragoniteo

Locomotion:

facultatively mobilesuperf

Life habit:

epifaunalsuperf

Diet:

suspension feedersuperf

Vision:

limitedo

Created:

2009-09-21 10:39:28

Modified:

2009-09-21 12:39:28

Source: superf = superfamily, o = order

Reference: Bambach et al. 2007

Age range: base of the Silurian to the top of the Wordian or 443.80000 to 264.28000 Ma

Collections (177 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Silurian	443.8 - 419.2	USA (California)	Holopella tenuisulcata (229257)
Lochkovian	419.2 - 410.8	Czech Republic	P. chlupaci (153841 153843)
Lochkovian	419.2 - 410.8	USA (New York)	Loxonema attenuata (156989)
Lochkovian	419.2 - 410.8	Czech Republic (Praha)	P. chlupaci (56216)
Lochkovian	419.2 - 410.8	New Zealand	P. spp. (40534)
Pragian	410.8 - 407.6	Czech Republic	P. alinae (102195 153832 153839 153840 153846) P. alinae, P. svobodai (56662) P. bouskai (153844) Zygopleura alinae (153836)
Pragian	410.8 - 407.6	Kyrgyzstan	P. vostokovae (3559)
Pragian	410.8 - 407.6	Morocco	P. n. sp. (91724) P. sp. (208258 208259 208261)
Pragian	410.8 - 407.6	Czech Republic (Bohemia)	P. lukesi (104660) Zygopleura devonicans, Zygopleura verticalis (104794)
Pragian	410.8 - 407.6	Czech Republic (Praha)	P. alinae (102194 157332)
Early/Lower Emsian	409.1 - 402.5	Russian Federation	P. sp. (24775)
Early/Lower Emsian	409.1 - 402.5	Germany	Loxonema obliquearcuatum (26904)
Early/Lower Emsian	409.1 - 402.5	Morocco	P. sp. (150334 150360) P. vaneki (150580)
Emsian	407.6 - 393.3	South Africa	Loxonema glabrum (35581)
Emsian	407.6 - 393.3	Czech Republic	P. vaneki (153842)
Emsian	407.6 - 393.3	Australia (New South Wales)	P. muoni (43890)
Emsian	407.6 - 393.3	Czech Republic (Prague)	P. alinae (56663)
Emsian	407.6 - 393.3	Czech Republic (Praha)	P. vaneki (153845)
Emsian	407.6 - 393.3	Czech Republic (Prague Basin)	P. vaneki (80182)
Emsian	407.6 - 393.3	USA (Ohio)	Loxonema parva (604)
Eifelian	393.3 - 387.7	Czech Republic (Praha)	P. vesna, P. alinae, P. hanusi, P. prantli, P. bohemica, P. tenuicostata (49232)
Eifelian	393.3 - 387.7	Czech Republic	P. bohemica (153833)
Eifelian	393.3 - 387.7	USA (New York)	Loxonema sicula (9544 9613)
Eifelian	393.3 - 387.7	USA (Alaska)	P. sp. (3639)
Eifelian	393.3 - 387.7	USA (Michigan)	P. joani, P. sibleyensis (102527)
Eifelian	393.3 - 387.7	USA (Ohio)	Loxonema laeviusculum, Loxonema pexata, Loxonema parvulum (129948 130152) Loxonema pexata (130260 130269) P. joani, P. sibleyensis (102525)
Middle Devonian	393.3 - 382.7	USA (New York)	P. delphicola (91249) P. delphicola, P. hamiltoniae (91229) P. hamiltoniae (91091 91215 91216 91226 91233 91239 91242 91279)
Cazenovian	391.9 - 383.7	USA (New York)	P. hamiltoniae (69460 69461 69462 69463 69464 69465)
Givetian	387.7 - 382.7	USA (Michigan)	Loxonema hamiltoniae (38475)
Givetian	387.7 - 382.7	USA (New York)	Loxonema delphicola, Loxonema hamiltoniae (10459 10461) P. delphicola (8989 8991 9000 9014 9029 84470 89885 89886) P. hamiltonae (89661) P. hamiltoniae (9352 9353 9354 9355 9377 9379 9500 9503 9504 9508 9509 9510 9511 9512 9595 9596 9597 9598 9599 9600 9601 9602 10108 10109 10119 89690 89694 89696 89707 89732 89804 96210 96211 96212 96213) P. sp. (94453) Palaezygopleura hamiltoniae (9399)
Givetian	387.7 - 382.7	Australia (Queensland)	P. dodgeyi (39872 66148 66151) P. sp. (39234)
Givetian	387.7 - 382.7	Germany (Sauerland)	Holopella antiqua (56158) Holopella piligera, Holopella antiqua (51936 51967) P. sp. (56160)
Givetian	387.7 - 382.7	USA (Pennsylvania)	Loxonema delphicola (9908 9916 9925)
Givetian	387.7 - 382.7	Germany (Hessen)	Holopella piligera, Holopella tenuisulcata, P. kaupii (38353) P. kaupii (38355)
Givetian	387.7 - 382.7	United Kingdom (England)	Holopella tenuisulcata, Loxonema roemeri (130270) Holopella tenuisulcata, Loxonema roemeri, Loxonema nexile (129878)
Givetian	387.7 - 382.7	Germany (Nordrhein-Westfalen)	P. kaupii (38362) P. sp. (101680)
Early/Lower Frasnian	383.7 - 382.4	USA (New York)	Loxonema noe (136085)
Middle Givetian	383.0 - 380.2	France (Brittany)	P. sp. (5915 5916 5920)
Frasnian	382.7 - 372.2	USA (New York)	Loxonema laxa, Loxonema styliola (155420)
Frasnian	382.7 - 372.2	Australia (Western Australia)	P. canningensis (38981)
Frasnian	382.7 - 372.2	USA (Maryland)	Loxonema glabrum, Loxonema hamiltoniae, Loxonema styliolum (154838) Loxonema styliolum (154361) Loxonema terebra (54738)
Middle Frasnian	382.4 - 379.5	USA (New York)	Loxonema noe (136399)
Late/Upper Givetian	380.2 - 382.7	Germany	Holopella arcuata, Holopella piligera (37046)
Early/Lower Famennian	376.1 - 370.6	USA (New York)	Loxonema multiplicatum (84619)
Famennian	372.2 - 358.9	United Kingdom (England)	Loxonema tenuisulcatum (38142)
Late/Upper Famennian	364.7 - 360.7	USA (Missouri)	Loxonema missouriensis (6048)
Late/Upper Famennian	364.7 - 360.7	United Kingdom (England)	Loxonema tenuisulcatum (68172)
Hastarian	358.9 - 353.8	Australia (New South Wales)	Loxonema lamellosum (75621) P. obesa (43901 43902)
Kinderhookian	358.9 - 352.0	Australia (New South Wales)	Loxonema lamellosum (75614)
Kinderhookian	358.9 - 352.0	USA (Iowa)	P. difficile (49823 49824 49825)
Tournaisian	358.9 - 346.7	Australia (New South Wales)	P. obesa (43948 43949 43950 44079 44080 44088)
Mississippian	358.9 - 323.2	USA (California)	Loxonema delphicola (214521)
Ivorian	353.8 - 346.7	Australia (Queensland)	Loxonema lamellosa (59800)
Osagean	352.0 - 343.0	USA (Kentucky)	Loxonema delphicola (59889 59891)
Arundian	346.7 - 340.0	Poland (Swietokrzyskie)	P. scalarioidea (60115)
Visean	346.7 - 330.9	Australia (Queensland)	Loxonema lamellosus (145006)
Brigantian	336.0 - 330.9	Ireland (Cork)	Loxonema sulculosa (184504)
Brigantian	336.0 - 330.9	United Kingdom (England)	P. benniana, P. scalarioidea (57131) Zygopleura roscobiensis (73393 73423)
Brigantian	336.0 - 330.9	Poland (Malopolskie)	P. sp., P. orlejensis (101993)
Brigantian	336.0 - 330.9	United Kingdom (Scotland)	Zygopleura benniana (183271) Zygopleura benniana, Zygopleura roscobiensis (155580)
Chesterian	335.5 - 323.2	USA (Illinois)	Loxonema wortheni (68188) P. venusta, P. welleri, P. wortheni (59826) P. welleri (58998)
Alportian	322.8 - 321.8	United Kingdom (England)	P. robroystonensis (182844 182845)
Moscovian	315.2 - 307.0	USA (Oklahoma)	Zygopleura parva (90784)
Kungurian	279.3 - 272.3	Venezuela (Merida)	P. sp. (41509)
Wordian	266.9 - 264.28	Thailand (Ratchaburi)	P. obesa (40954)