PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Plerophyllina

Anthozoa - Stauriida

Taxonomy

Plerophyllina was named by Sokolov (1960).

It was assigned to Stauriida by Hill (1981).

Subtaxa

Adamanophyllidae, Anisophyllidae, Endotheciidae, Lophophyllidae, Plerophyllidae, Polycoeliidae, Timorphyllidae, Verbeekiellidae

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1960	Plerophyllina Sokolov
1981	Plerophyllina Hill

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
phylum	Cnidaria	Hatschek 1888
class	Anthozoa	Ehrenberg 1834
—	Hexacorallia	()

Rank	Name	Author
subclass	Rugosa	(Milne-Edwards and Haime 1850)
order	Stauriida	Verrill 1865
suborder	Plerophyllina	Sokolov 1960
suborder	Plerophyllina	Sokolov 1960

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Subor. †Plerophyllina Sokolov 1960

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Fm. †Adamanophyllidae Vasilyuk 1959

Subfm. †Adamanophyllinae Vasilyuk 1959

G. †Adamanophyllum Vasilyuk 1959

G. †Flagellophyllum Fan 1962

G. †Prosmilia Koker 1924

†Prosmilia carinata Guo 1980

†Prosmilia cyathophylloides Gerth 1922

†Prosmilia parallela Flügel 1972

Subfm. †Tachyphyllinae Ivanovskiy 1967

G. †Tachyphyllum Dobrolyubova 1962

Fm. †Anisophyllidae Ivanovskiy 1965

G. †Anisophyllum Milne-Edwards and Haime 1850

Fm. †Endotheciidae Schindewolf 1942

G. †Endothecium Koker 1924

Fm. †Lophophyllidae Grabau 1928

G. †Lophamplexus Moore and Jeffords 1941

G. †Lophocarinophyllum Grabau 1922

†Lophocarinophyllum acanthiseptum Grabau 1922

†Lophocarinophyllum chandalasicum Il'ina 1987

†Lophocarinophyllum inaequale Il'ina 1987

†Lophocarinophyllum karpinskyi Fomichev 1953

†Lophocarinophyllum lancuense Cai 1986

†Lophocarinophyllum lophophyllidum Liao and Xu 1977

†Lophocarinophyllum pulchrum Kropatcheva 1999

†Lophocarinophyllum sandoi Wang and Sugiyama 2001

†Lophocarinophyllum taihuense Yan and Chen 1982

†Lophocarinophyllum triangulariseptum Lin and Rodriguez 1994

†Lophocarinophyllum xintanense Xu 1984

†Lophocarinophyllum yichunense Zhu 1982

G. †Lophophyllidium Grabau 1928

Subg. †Lophophyllidium (Lophbillidium) Fedorowski 1986

†Lophophyllidium (Lophbillidium) cyathaxoniaforme Fedorowski 1987

†Lophophyllidium (Lophbillidium) erugum Fedorowski 1987

†Lophophyllidium (Lophbillidium) magnocolumnare Fedorowski 1987

†Lophophyllidium (Lophbillidium) martini Schouppe and Stacul 1955

†Lophophyllidium (Lophbillidium) spinosum Martin 1881

Subg. †Lophophyllidium (Lophophyllidium) Grabau 1928

†Lophophyllidium (Lophophyllidium) absitum Jeffords 1947

Invalid names: Lophophyllidium spinosum Jeffords 1947 [synonym]

†Lophophyllidium (Lophophyllidium) compressum Jeffords 1942

Invalid names: Lophophyllidium elongatum Jeffords 1942 [synonym], Stereostylus brushensis Bebout 1966 [synonym], Stereostylus pelaeus Jeffords 1947 [synonym]

†Lophophyllidium (Lophophyllidium) confertum Jeffords 1942

†Lophophyllidium (Lophophyllidium) distortum Worthen 1875

Invalid names: Stereostylus lenis Jeffords 1947 [synonym], Stereostylus pandatus Jeffords 1947 [synonym]

†Lophophyllidium (Lophophyllidium) dunbari Moore and Jeffords 1941

Invalid names: Malonophyllum kansasense Moore and Jeffords 1941 [synonym]

†Lophophyllidium (Lophophyllidium) plummeri Jeffords 1947

†Lophophyllidium (Lophophyllidium) skinneri Ross and Ross 1962

†Lophophyllidium (Lophophyllidium) westii Beede 1898

†Lophophyllidium (Lophophyllidium) wewokanum Jeffords 1947

Invalid names: Lophophyllidium coniforme Jeffords 1947 [synonym]

†Lophophyllidium acostatum Soshkina 1928

†Lophophyllidium columellum Yan and Chen 1982

†Lophophyllidium compactum Wu and Zhao 1983

†Lophophyllidium crassiseptatum Guo 1980

†Lophophyllidium interseptatum Kossovaya 2007

†Lophophyllidium jiezhangense Lin 1983

†Lophophyllidium kayseri Huang 1932

†Lophophyllidium liangshanense Wu 1957

†Lophophyllidium multiseptum Grabau 1928

†Lophophyllidium nucleum Zhao and Zhou 1987

†Lophophyllidium pendulum Grabau 1928

†Lophophyllidium profundum Milne-Edward and Haime 1851

†Lophophyllidium proliferum McChesney 1860

†Lophophyllidium robustum Lin and Rodriguez 1994

†Lophophyllidium siamense Fontaine 1994

†Lophophyllidium striatum d'Orbigny 1842

†Lophophyllidium vallum Ross and Ross 1962

†Lophophyllidium vidriensis Ross and Ross 1962

†Lophophyllidium vietnamense Fontaine 1961

†Lophophyllidium xiangyashanense Chen and Yan 1982

†Lophophyllidium zaphrentoidea Huang 1932

Invalid names: Malonophyllum Okulitch and Albritton 1937 [synonym], Sinophyllum Grabau 1928 [synonym], Stereostylus Jeffords 1947 [synonym]

G. †Lophophyllum Milne-Edwards and Haime 1850

†Lophophyllum cascadense Warren 1927

†Lophophyllum konincki Milne-Edwards and Haime 1851

G. †Sugiyamaella Yabe and Minato 1944

Fm. †Plerophyllidae Koker 1924

G. †Barbarella Flügel 1972

†Barbarella stellaforma Flügel 1972

Subfm. †Baryphyllinae Weyer 1973

G. †Barylasma Weyer 1973

G. †Baryphyllum Milne-Edwards and Haime 1850

†Baryphyllum fungulus White 1878

†Baryphyllum verneuillianum Milne-Edwards and Haime 1851

G. †Cryptophyllum Carruthers 1919

†Cryptophyllum hibernicum Carruthers 1919

†Cryptophyllum hithis Weyer 1975

†Cryptophyllum leptoconicum Abich 1878

Invalid names: Pentaphyllum araxense Kropatcheva 1983 [synonym], Plerophyllum clavatum Ilina 1962 [synonym], Plerophyllum dzhulfense Ilina 1962 [synonym]

G. †Paracaninia Chi 1937

†Paracaninia ephippia Yan and Chen 1982

†Paracaninia guichiensis Yan and Chen 1982

†Paracaninia lhazeensis Lin 1984

†Paracaninia liangshanensis Huang 1932

Invalid names: Paracaninia jiangxiensis Yan and Chen 1982 [synonym], Paracaninia jiangyouensis Zhao 1981 [synonym]

†Paracaninia minor Wu 1963

†Paracaninia similis Schindewolf 1942

†Paracaninia sinensis Chi 1937

†Paracaninia suobeishanensis Guo 1980

†Paracaninia tzuchiangensis Huang 1932

†Paracaninia wuguishanensis Wu and Zhao 1982

†Paracaninia xiukangensis Lin 1984

Subfm. †Plerophyllinae Koker 1924

G. †Pleramplexus Schindewolf 1940

G. †Wendticyathus Berkowski 2018

†Wendticyathus nudus Berkowski 2018

G. †Plerophyllum Hinde 1890

†Plerophyllum angustum Flügel 1972

†Plerophyllum australe Hinde 1890

†Plerophyllum calvatum Guo 1980

†Plerophyllum flexiseptatum Yan and Chen 1982

†Plerophyllum fragile Sokolov 1959

†Plerophyllum guangxiense Xu 1977

†Plerophyllum guizhouense Wang 1978

†Plerophyllum jiangbuense Lin and Rodriguez 1994

†Plerophyllum jiangsuense Yan and Chen 1982

†Plerophyllum minor Zhang 1977

†Plerophyllum radiciforme Gerth 1922

†Plerophyllum schindewolfi Flügel 1966

†Plerophyllum sulcatum Hinde 1890

†Plerophyllum tibeticum Lin and Rodriguez 1994

†Plerophyllum weberi Gerth 1922

†Plerophyllum xinglungzhuangense Guo 1980

†Plerophyllum ziyunense Wang 1978

Invalid names: Timorosmilia Koker 1924 [synonym]

G. †Ufimia Shtukenberg 1895

†Ufimia arctica Fedorowski and Bamber 2001

†Ufimia carbonaria Stuckenberg 1895

†Ufimia differentiata Ilina 1962

Invalid names: Plerophyllum armenicum Ilina 1962 [synonym]

†Ufimia elongata Grabau 1922

†Ufimia hunzensis Flügel 1989

†Ufimia khaokaeonoiensis Wang et al. 2013

†Ufimia persymmetricum Schindewolf 1942

†Ufimia vanganensis Fomichev 1953

Invalid names: Rhopalolasma Hudson 1936 [synonym]

Fm. †Polycoeliidae Fromentel 1861

G. †Calophyllum Dana 1846

Subg. †Calophyllum (Groenlandophyllum) Flügel 1973

†Calophyllum (Groenlandophyllum) nodosum Flügel 1973

†Calophyllum (Groenlandophyllum) teicherti Flügel 1973

†Calophyllum angustum Rothpletz 1892

†Calophyllum angustum angustum Rothpletz 1892

†Calophyllum baytuganense Soshkina 1941

Calophyllum calaba Linnaeus 1753

†Calophyllum columnare von Schlotheim 1813

Invalid names: Astrocyathus geinitzi Ludwig 1866 [synonym], Cyathaxonia herbsti Ludwig 1869 [synonym], Cyathophyllum plarrei Eisel 1900 [synonym], Cyathophyllum profundum Germar 1842 [synonym], Tetraphyllum profundum Ludwig 1865 [synonym], Zaphrentis callosa Ludwig 1869 [synonym]

†Calophyllum crassimurale Lin 1984

†Calophyllum cylindrica Grabau 1931

Calophyllum inophyllum Linnaeus 1753

†Calophyllum lhazeensis Lin 1984

†Calophyllum longiseptata Grabau 1928

†Calophyllum micron Flügel 1973

†Calophyllum permica Flügel 1973

†Calophyllum punctata Flügel 1973

†Calophyllum quadrifidum Howse 1848

Invalid names: Astrocyathus compressus Ludwig 1869 [synonym], Astrocyathus incisus Ludwig 1869 [synonym], Petraia dentalis King 1848 [synonym], Polycoelia gracilis Schindewolf 1942 [synonym], Turbinolia donatiana King 1848 [synonym]

†Calophyllum rhopalotum Yu et al. 1981

Invalid names: Groenlandophyllum Flügel 1973 [synonym], Phryganophyllum de Koninck 1872 [synonym], Polycoelia King 1849 [synonym], Pycnocoelia Schindewolf 1952 [synonym], Tetraphyllum Ludwig 1865 [synonym]

G. †Fedorowskites Chwieduk 2013

†Fedorowskites spitsbergensis Chwieduk 2013

†Fedorowskites zavodovskyi Sokolov 1959

G. †Maichelasma Fomichev 1953

G. †Pentamplexus Schindewolf 1940

†Pentamplexus minimum Iljina 1965

†Pentamplexus schindewolfi Flügel 1973

Subfm. †Polycoeliinae Fromentel 1861

G. †Amandaraia Lavrusevich 1968

G. †Calophylloides Ivanovskiy 1976

G. †Empodesma Moore and Jeffords 1945

†Empodesma sinensis Guo 1983

G. †Gerthia Grabau 1928

†Gerthia crassa Sokolov 1959

†Gerthia sibirica Sokolov 1959

G. †Huangophyllum Tseng 1948

†Huangophyllum symmetricum Tseng 1948

†Huangophyllum yuquanense Guo 1980

G. †Kinkaidia Easton 1945

G. †Pleophyllum Lecompte 1952

G. †Pseudocryptophyllum Easton 1944

G. †Stereocorypha Moore and Jeffords 1945

G. †Svalbardphyllum Fedorowski 1965

†Svalbardphyllum pachyseptatum Fedorowski 1965

G. †Tetralasma Schindewolf 1942

†Tetralasma tetraseptatum Xu 1977

G. †Sochkineophyllum Grabau 1928

†Sochkineophyllum shasimotoi Minato 1955

†Sochkineophyllum turgidiseptatum Tidten 1972

†Soshkineophyllum tsaregradskyi Sokolov 1959

†Soshkineophyllum xizangensis Lin 1984

Invalid names: Sassendalia Tidten 1972 [synonym]

Invalid names: Endotheciinae Schindewolf 1942 [empty], Prosmiliinae Ivanovskiy 1973 [empty], Tachylasmatinae Grabau 1928 [empty]

Fm. †Timorphyllidae Soshkina 1941

G. †Pseudoverbeekiella Ilyina 1997

†Pseudoverbeekiella variabilis Ilyina 1997

G. †Timorocarinophyllum Ilyina 1997

†Timorocarinophyllum zolkinae Ilyina 1997

G. †Timorphyllum Gerth 1922

†Timorphyllum multiseptatum Zhao and Zhu 1991

†Timorphyllum patokense Soshkina 1941

†Timorphyllum raphiseptatum Zhao and Zhu 1991

†Timorphyllum variabile Gerth 1921

†Timorphyllum wanneri Gerth 1922

Fm. †Verbeekiellidae Schouppé and Stacul 1955

G. †Agarikophyllum Fomichev 1963

†Agarikophyllum septalamellum Xu 1977

G. †Cravenia Hudson 1928

G. †Leonardophyllum Moore and Jeffords 1941

†Leonardophyllum kingi Ross and Ross 1962

G. †Verbeekiella Penecke 1908

†Verbeekiella australis Beyrich 1865

†Verbeekiella crassiseptata Lin 1984

†Verbeekiella guizhouensis Wang 1978

†Verbeekiella hechiensis Xu 1977

†Verbeekiella mersa Hill 1942

†Verbeekiella permica Penecke 1908

†Verbeekiella puanensis Wang 1978

†Verbeekiella rothpletzi Gerth 1922

†Verbeekiella talboti Hosking 1933

†Verbeekiella xizangensis Lin 1984

†Verbeekiella yuquanense Guo 1980

Invalid names: Verbeekia Penecke 1908 [replaced]

G. †Wannerophyllum Schouppe 1955

†Wannerophyllum cristatum Gerth 1921

†Wannerophyllum densum Flügel 1972

†Wannerophyllum dissitum Wu 1975

†Wannerophyllum torquatum Rothpletz 1892

†Wannerophyllum tubulosum Gerth 1921

G. †Zeliaphyllum Heritsch 1936

Invalid names: Zelaeophyllum Lang et al. 1940 [synonym]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

low Mg calciteo

Locomotion:

stationaryo

Attached:

yeso

Life habit:

epifaunalo

Diet:

suspension feedero

Vision:

blindc

Created:

2004-02-27 16:55:09

Modified:

2004-02-28 16:53:57

Source: o = order, c = class

Reference: Kiessling 2004

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Pridoli to the top of the Changhsingian or 422.70000 to 251.90200 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 419.62 Ma

Collections (737 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Oldest occurrences
Silurian	443.1 - 419.62	USA (Kentucky)	Anisophyllum trifurcatum, Anisophyllum unilargum (5676)
Silurian	443.1 - 419.62	USA (Oklahoma)	Anisophyllum sp., Pseudocryptophyllum sp. (528)
Pridoli - Lochkovian	422.7 - 413.02	Tajikistan	Amandaraia prima (78882)
Emsian	410.62 - 393.47	Spain (Asturias)	Ufimia prior (25292)
Emsian	410.62 - 393.47	Morocco	Wendticyathus nudus (63041)
Hastarian	358.86 - 353.7	France	Sochkineophyllum sp., Ufimia sp. 1, Ufimia sp. 2, Ufimia sp. 3, Rhopalolasma sp. (38642)
Hastarian	358.86 - 353.7	China (Guizhou)	Lophophyllum muhuaensis (218967)
Tournaisian	358.86 - 346.7	United Kingdom (England)	Cravenia tela (8709 8731)
Tournaisian	358.86 - 346.7	China (Qinghai)	Lophophyllum densum (41467) Sugiyamaella yini, Sugiyamaella equiseptatum, Sugiyamaella oulunbulukense (72304)
Tournaisian	358.86 - 346.7	Ireland	Cryptophyllum hibernicum (78288)
Tournaisian	358.86 - 346.7	Morocco	Ufimia sp. (66284 66287)
Carboniferous	358.86 - 298.9	USA (Oklahoma)	Lophophyllidium sp. (159 172)
Ivorian	353.7 - 346.7	Türkiye	Lophophyllum konincki (173956)
Ivorian	353.7 - 346.7	USA (Nevada)	Lophophyllum sp., Ufimia sp. (6274)
Ivorian	353.7 - 346.7	Germany	Lophophyllum sp. (64673) Pentaphyllum hibernicum (64669) Ufimia tachyblastum, Pentaphyllum hithis (64668)
Osagean	351.9 - 342.9	USA (Utah)	Rhopalolasma sp. (560)
Osagean	351.9 - 342.9	USA (Nevada)	Lophophyllum sp. (6272)
Arundian	346.7 - 339.9	United Kingdom (Wales)	Cravenia lamellata (5758) Cravenia tela, Cravenia lamellata (5757)
Arundian - Holkerian	346.7 - 339.9	Ireland	Rhopalolasma sp., Cryptophyllum hibernicum (76517)
Chadian	346.7 - 339.9	United Kingdom (England)	Cravenia lamellata, Lophophyllum meathopense (5970) Cravenia sp. (5972)