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Macronychoptera

Osteichthyes - Pterosauria

Taxonomy
Macronychoptera was named by Unwin (2003). It is not extant. It was considered monophyletic by Unwin (2003).

It was assigned to Pterosauria by Unwin (2003); to Lonchognatha by Andres et al. (2010); and to Pterosauria by Andres et al. (2014).

Subtaxa
Dimorphodontidae, Novialoidea, Parapsicephalus
Sister taxa
Novialoidea

Synonymy list
YearName and author
2003Macronychoptera Unwin p. 149
2010Macronychoptera Andres et al. fig. 7
2014Macronychoptera Andres et al.

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
classOsteichthyes
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
RankNameAuthor
—Sauropsida
classReptilia
subclassEureptilia()
—Romeriida
—Diapsida()
—Archosauromorpha(Huene 1946)
—Crocopoda
—ArchosauriformesGauthier 1986
—Eucrocopoda
—Archosauria()
informalAvemetatarsalia
—Ornithodira
—PterosauromorphaPadian 1997
orderPterosauriaKaup 1834
—Macronychoptera
—Macronychoptera

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Unr. †Macronychoptera Unwin 2003
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Fm. †Dimorphodontidae Seeley 1870
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G. †Caelestiventus Britt et al. 2018
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†Caelestiventus hanseni Britt et al. 2018
G. †Dimorphodon Owen 1859
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†Dimorphodon banthensis Theodori 1831
†Dimorphodon macronyx Buckland 1829
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Invalid names: Pterodactylus marderi Owen 1874 [synonym]
†Dimorphodon weintraubi Clark et al. 1998
G. †Peteinosaurus Wild 1978
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Unr. †Novialoidea Kellner 2003
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Unr. †Breviquartossa Unwin 2003
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G. †Allkaruen Codorniú et al. 2016
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†Allkaruen koi Codorniú et al. 2016
Fm. †Rhamphorhynchidae Seeley 1870
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G. †Bellubrunnus Hone et al. 2012
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†Bellubrunnus rothgaengeri Hone et al. 2012
G. †Campylognathus Plieninger 1894
G. †Dendrorhynchus Ji and Ji 1998
G. †Klobiodon O'Sullivan and Martill 2018
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†Klobiodon rochei O'Sullivan and Martill 2018
G. †Odontorhynchus Stolley 1936
Subfm. †Rhamphorhynchinae Nopcsa 1928
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Tr. †Angustinaripterini He et al. 1983
G. †Angustinaripterus He et al. 1983
G. †Cacibupteryx Gasparini et al. 2004
G. †Dorygnathus Wagner 1860
G. †Nesodactylus Colbert 1969
G. †Orientognathus Lu et al. 2015
G. †Pterorhynchus Czerkas and Ji 2002
G. †Qinglongopterus Lü et al. 2012
G. †Rhamphocephalus Seeley 1880
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Invalid names: Dolichorhamphus Seeley 1885 [synonym]
G. †Rhamphorhynchus Meyer 1847
G. †Sericipterus Andres et al. 2010
Subfm. †Scaphognathinae Hooley
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G. †Jianchangopterus Lü and Bo 2011
G. †Scaphognathus Wagner 1861
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Invalid names: Brachytrachelus Giebel 1852 [synonym], Pachyrhamphus Fitzinger 1843 [synonym]
G. †Sordes Sharov 1971
Invalid names: Angustinaripterinae He et al. 1983 [empty]
Unr. †Lonchognatha Unwin 2003
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G. †Harpactognathus Carpenter et al. 2003
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†Harpactognathus gentryii Carpenter et al. 2003
Unr. †Monofenestrata Lü et al. 2010
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Unr. †Caelidracones Unwin 2003
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Fm. †Anurognathidae Nopcsa 1928
G. †Changchengopterus Lü 2009
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G. †Cuspicephalus Martill and Etches 2013
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†Cuspicephalus scarfi Martill and Etches 2013
G. †Darwinopterus Lü et al. 2010
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†Darwinopterus linglongtaensis Wang et al. 2010
†Darwinopterus modularis Lü et al. 2010
†Darwinopterus robustodens Lü et al. 2011
G. †Douzhanopterus Wang et al. 2017
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†Douzhanopterus zhengi Wang et al. 2017
G. †Melkamter Fernandes et al. 2024
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†Melkamter pateko Fernandes et al. 2024
G. †Pterodactylus Cuvier 1809
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†Pterodactylus antiquus Soemmerring 1812
†Pterodactylus dubius Münster 1832
†Pterodactylus giganteus Bowerbank 1846
†Pterodactylus kochi Wagner 1837
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Invalid names: Pterodactylus scolopaciceps Meyer 1850 [synonym]
†Pterodactylus lavateri Meyer 1838
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Invalid names: Pterodactylus crocodilocephaloides Ritgen 1826 [synonym]
†Pterodactylus medius Münster 1831
†Pterodactylus micronyx Meyer 1856
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Invalid names: Ornithocephalus redenbacheri Wagner 1851 [synonym]
†Pterodactylus propinquus Wagner 1857
Invalid names: Diopecephalus Seeley 1871 [synonym], Macrotrachelus Giebel 1852 [synonym], Pterodactylus arningi Reck 1931 [nomen dubium], Pterodactylus brancai Reck 1931 [nomen dubium], Pterodactylus maximus Reck 1931 [nomen dubium], Pterotherium Fischer 1813 [synonym]
G. †Wukongopterus Wang et al. 2009
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†Wukongopterus lii Wang et al. 2009
G. †Parapsicephalus Arthaber 1919
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†Parapsicephalus purdoni Newton 1888
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
D. M. Unwin 2003Dimorphodon macronyx, Quetzalcoatlus northropi, their most recent common ancestor and all its descendents
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: marineo
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: volanto
Diet: piscivoreo
Created: 2009-01-04 11:38:30
Modified: 2017-04-17 10:39:23
Source: o = order, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Hendy et al. 2009, Padian 1985, Carroll 1988

Age range: base of the Alaunian to the top of the Early/Lower Aptian or 215.38000 to 119.57000 Ma

Collections (122 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Late/Upper Triassic - Early/Lower Jurassic237.0 - 174.7USA (Utah) Dimorphodontidae indet. (183201)
Alaunian215.38 - 211.18Italy (Lombardia) Peteinosaurus zambelli (59639)
Angulata201.4 - 199.5France (Lorraine) Pterodactylus sp. (53947)
Hettangian201.4 - 199.5United Kingdom (England) Dimorphodon macronyx (91706)
Hettangian - Early/Lower Sinemurian201.4 - 192.9United Kingdom (England) Pterodactylus macronyx (87878)
Hettangian - Sinemurian201.4 - 192.9United Kingdom (Wales) Rhamphorhynchidae indet. (46118 46137)
Sinemurian - Pliensbachian199.5 - 184.2Antarctica Dimorphodontidae indet. (47135)
Pliensbachian192.9 - 184.2Mexico (Tamaulipas) Pterosauria indet. (226360)
Early/Lower Toarcian184.2 - 182.9Germany (Bayern) Dorygnathus banthensis (91558 91562 91563 91565) Dorygnathus mistelgauensis (28506)
Early/Lower Toarcian184.2 - 182.9United Kingdom (England) Parapsicephalus purdoni (90458 144583)
Early/Lower Toarcian184.2 - 182.9Germany (Baden-Württenburg) Dorygnathus banthensis (91559 91560 91561 91587 91588 91589 91592 91593 91594 91595 91596 91597 91598 91599 91600 91659 91663 91664 91667 91668 91671 91672 91673 91690 91691) Dorygnathus sp. (91692)
Early/Lower Toarcian184.2 - 182.9France (Champagne-Ardenne) Dorygnathus sp. (96060)
Early/Lower Toarcian184.2 - 182.9Germany (Niedersachsen) Dorygnathus banthensis (91564 91704 91705)
Early/Lower Toarcian184.2 - 182.9France (Lorraine) Dorygnathus banthensis (68316)
Falciferum184.2 - 182.9Germany (Baden-Württenburg) Dorygnathus banthensis (91658)
Middle Toarcian - Late/Upper Toarcian182.9 - 174.7Argentina (Chubut) Melkamter pateko (67434)
Late/Upper Toarcian - Early/Lower Bajocian180.4 - 168.6Argentina (Chubut) Allkaruen koi (188879)
Aalenian - Bajocian174.7 - 168.2Mongolia (Bayan-Khongor) Anurognathidae indet. (92017)
Bajocian - Oxfordian170.9 - 154.8China (Sichuan) Angustinaripterus longicephalus (24883)
Bathonian168.2 - 165.3Russian Federation (Krasnoyarsk) Pterodactyloidea indet. (61891)
Bathonian168.2 - 165.3United Kingdom (Oxfordshire) Klobiodon rochei (153647)
Bathonian168.2 - 165.3Morocco (Figuig) Rhamphorhynchidae indet. (176120)
Early/Lower Bathonian168.2 - 165.3United Kingdom (England) Rhamphorhynchoidea indet. (31054) Rhamphorhynchus depressirostris (52546)
Late/Upper Bathonian168.2 - 165.3United Kingdom (England) Rhamphocephalus sp. (91989) Rhamphorhynchidae indet. (57124)
Middle Bathonian168.2 - 165.3United Kingdom (England) Pterodactylus bucklandi, Pterodactylus kiddi, Pterodactylus duncani, Pterodactylus aclandi (59357) Rhamphocephalus sp. (57120 57140)
Middle Bathonian168.2 - 165.3United Kingdom (Scotland) Pterosauria indet. (238818)
Late/Upper Bathonian - Early/Lower Kimmeridgian168.2 - 152.21China (Hebei) Changchengopterus pani, Qinglongopterus guoi, Dendrorhynchoides mutoudengensis, Anurognathidae indet. (91265)
Late/Upper Bathonian - Early/Lower Kimmeridgian168.2 - 152.21China (Liaoning) Changchengopterus pani, Wukongopterus lii, Darwinopterus sp., Darwinopterus modularis, Darwinopterus linglongtaensis, Darwinopterus robustodens, Jianchangopterus zhaoianus, Scaphognathus robustus, Douzhanopterus zhengi (92421)
Callovian165.3 - 161.5Kyrgyzstan (Jalal-Abad) Pterosauria indet. (37596)
Early/Lower Callovian165.3 - 161.5China (Nei Mongol) Pterorhynchus wellnhoferi, Jeholopterus ningchengensis (27891)
Late/Upper Callovian165.3 - 161.5United Kingdom (England) Rhamphorhynchus bucklandi (92052)
Late/Upper Callovian165.3 - 161.5France (Basse-Normandie) Rhamphorhynchidae indet. (92054)
Middle Callovian165.3 - 161.5United Kingdom (England) Rhamphorhynchidae indet. (92050) Rhamphorhynchus sp. (109800)
Callovian - Oxfordian165.3 - 154.8China (Hebei) Sinomacrops bondei (168798)
Middle Oxfordian161.5 - 154.8Portugal (Leiria) Rhamphorhynchus sp. (69698)
Middle Oxfordian - Late/Upper Oxfordian161.5 - 154.8Cuba (Pinar del Rio) Cacibupteryx caribensis (90872)
Oxfordian161.5 - 154.8Kazakhstan (Ongtüstik Qazaqstan) Batrachognathus volans, Sordes pilosus (92136)
Oxfordian161.5 - 154.8United Kingdom (England) Rhamphorhynchus bucklandi (100669)
Oxfordian161.5 - 154.8China (Xinjiang) Sericipterus wucaiwanensis (93870)
Late/Upper Jurassic161.5 - 143.1Cuba (Pinar del Río) Nesodactylus hesperius, Cacibupteryx caribensis (237355)
Late/Upper Oxfordian157.9 - 154.8Cuba (Pinar del Rio) Nesodactylus hesperius (90871)
Late/Upper Oxfordian - Kimmeridgian157.9 - 149.2China (Xinjiang) Rhamphorhynchidae indet. (47056)
Early/Lower Kimmeridgian154.8 - 152.21United Kingdom (England) Cuspicephalus scarfi (120291)
Kimmeridgian154.8 - 149.2France (Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes) Pterodactylus cirinensis (92110)
Kimmeridgian154.8 - 149.2Portugal (Centro) Rhamphorhynchus sp., Pterodactylus sp. (24563)
Kimmeridgian154.8 - 149.2Germany Rhamphorhynchus sp. (117200)
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian152.21 - 149.2Germany (Bayern) Rhamphorhynchus longicaudus (57682) Rhamphorhynchus sp. (59175)
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian152.21 - 149.2Germany (Baden-Württemberg) Rhamphorhynchus longiceps (41817) Rhamphorhynchus muensteri, Rhamphorhynchus longiceps (154138) Rhamphorhynchus sp., Rhamphorhynchus muensteri (229120)
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian152.21 - 149.2Portugal (Lourinha) Rhamphorhynchidae indet. (154213)
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian152.21 - 149.2Germany (Niedersachsen) Pterodactylus sp. (51859)
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian152.21 - 149.2France (Nord-Pas-de-Calais) Rhamphorhynchidae indet. (94534)
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian152.21 - 149.2Switzerland (Jura) Rhamphorhynchinae indet. (90874)
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian152.21 - 149.2Germany (Eastern Barvaria) Bellubrunnus rothgaengeri (130288)
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian - Early/Lower Tithonian152.21 - 145.06Portugal (Lisboa) Pterosauria indet. (163145)
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian - Early/Lower Tithonian152.21 - 145.06Portugal (Centro) Pterosauria indet. (38680)
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian - Early/Lower Tithonian152.21 - 145.06USA (Wyoming) Pterosauria indet. (49577)
Early/Lower Tithonian149.2 - 145.06Germany (Bavaria) Pterodactylus longicaudus (29012) Rhamphorhynchus longicaudus (58604 139876)
Early/Lower Tithonian149.2 - 145.06Germany (Bayern) Pterodactylus longicaudus (117534 123906 139551) Rhamphorhynchus longicaudus (53034 212958) Rhamphorhynchus sp., Rhamphorhynchus muensteri, Rhamphorhynchus gemmingi, Rhamphorhynchus longicaudus, Pterodactylus crassirostris, Pterodactylus kochi, Rhamphorhynchus longiceps, Pterodactylus micronyx, Anurognathus ammoni, Ornithocephalus antiquus, Pterodactylus spectabilis (84365)
Early/Lower Tithonian149.2 - 145.06France (Poitou-Charentes) Rhamphorhynchidae indet. (164377)
Early/Lower Tithonian149.2 - 145.06France (Nord-Pas-de-Calais) Rhamphorhynchidae indet. (94535)
Early/Lower Tithonian149.2 - 145.06Germany Pterodactylus micronyx (212954) Pterodactylus sp. (212957) Rhamphorhynchus muensteri (212956)
Tithonian149.2 - 143.1Germany (Bavaria) Scaphognathus crassirostris (154723)
Tithonian149.2 - 143.1United Kingdom (England) Rhamphorhynchus etchesi (178843)
Tithonian149.2 - 143.1Tanzania (Lindi) Pterodactylus brancai (47160) Pterodactylus maximus (47154) Rhamphorhynchus tendagurensis (89996)
Late/Upper Tithonian - Early/Lower Berriasian145.06 - 141.0Morocco (Oriental) Rhamphorhynchidae indet. (45726)
Late/Upper Tithonian - Early/Lower Berriasian145.06 - 141.0Morocco (Figuig) Rhamphorhynchidae indet. (204990)
Berriasian143.1 - 137.05China (Liaoning) Orientognathus chaoyangensis (165439)
Early/Lower Valanginian137.05 - 132.6United Kingdom (England) Pterodactylus sp. (91990)
Late/Upper Barremian - Early/Lower Aptian125.77 - 119.57China (Liaoning) Dendrorhynchus curvidentatus (10761)
Aptian121.4 - 113.2China (Liaoning) Versperopterylus lamadongensis (105772)