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Crassostrea

Bivalvia - Ostreida - Ostreidae

Taxonomy
Crassostrea was named by Sacco (1897) [Sepkoski's age data: K Nc R Sepkoski's reference number: 159]. It is extant.

It was reranked as Ostrea (Crassostrea) by Dall (1909).

It was assigned to Ostrea by Dall (1909); to Ostreinae by Adegoke (1977), Vokes (1980), Woodring (1982), Dockery (1982), Beu et al. (1990), Ward (1992); to Crassostreinae by Moore (1987), Lamprell and Healy (1998); to Pterioida by Sepkoski (2002); to Ostreidae by Bohm (1926), DuBar (1958), Tashiro and Kozai (1982), Moore (1984), Ward and Blackwelder (1987), Chiesa et al. (1995), Frassinetti and Covacevich (1999), Todd (2001), Spencer et al. (2004); and to Crassostreini by Squires (2018).

Species
C. (Cymbulostrea), C. (Heterostrea), C. afra, C. alabamiensis, C. angulata, C. ashleyi (syn. Ostrea hertleini, Ostrea arnoldi, Ostrea altatemblorensis), C. columbiensis, C. contracta, C. corteziensis, C. cucullaris, C. cuebana, C. cyathula (syn. Ostrea planicosta), C. cymaeformis, C. englekyi, C. eucorrugata (syn. Ostrea titan corrugata), C. gigas, C. gryphoides (syn. Somalidacna lamellosa), C. hatcheri, C. kawauchidensis, C. laperrinei, C. patagonica (syn. Ostrea ferrarisi), C. raincourti, C. rhizophorae, C. rutiformis, C. sikamea, C. soudanensis, C. subtrigonalis (syn. Ostrea glabra arcuatilis, Ostrea glabra, Ostrea insecuris, Ostrea wyomingensis), C. tectonica, C. tenera, C. tetoriensis, C. titan (syn. Ostrea prior, Ostrea andersoni, Ostrea titan andersoni, Ostrea subjecta, Ostrea panzana, Ostrea ligminuta), C. transitoria (syn. Ostrea maxima), C. vaquerosensis, C. virginica
Species lacking formal opinion data
C. alabamensis, C. amichel, C. anguasta, C. bersonensis, C. brongiarti, C. cortex, C. crassicostata, C. crassicostata, C. crassissima, C. cusseta, C. cymbaeformis, C. dichotoma, C. distans, C. eldridgei, C. extensa, C. fimbriata, C. freudenbergi, C. frionis, C. gajensis, C. gigensis, C. gingensis, C. gravitesta, C. kiowana, C. labellensis, C. makarovi, C. margaritacea, C. normalis, C. prismatica, C. rarilamella, C. roncana, C. rutriformis, C. ryosekiensis, C. soleniscus, C. soleniscus, C. sunakozakaensis, C. tecticosta, C. tigiliana, C. transitor, C. trigonalis, C. tuberculata, C. uandiensis, C. vaughani, C. yoshimoensis, Gryphaea gryphoides, Ostrea pretigris

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1897Crassostrea Sacco
1909Ostrea (Crassostrea) Dall p. 111
1926Crassostrea Bohm p. 57
1958Somalidacna Azzaroli p. 115
1958Crassostrea DuBar p. 158
1977Crassostrea Adegoke p. 248
1980Crassostrea Vokes p. 65
1982Crassostrea Dockery p. 53
1982Crassostrea Tashiro and Kozai p. 78
1982Crassostrea Woodring p. 610
1984Crassostrea Moore p. 28
1987Crassostrea Moore pp. C30, C35
1987Crassostrea Ward and Blackwelder p. 129
1990Crassostrea Beu et al. p. 396
1992Crassostrea Ward p. 76
1995Crassostrea Chiesa et al. p. 42
1998Crassostrea Lamprell and Healy p. 136
1999Crassostrea Frassinetti and Covacevich p. 25
2001Crassostrea Todd
2002Crassostrea Sepkoski
2004Crassostrea Spencer et al.
2018Crassostrea Squires p. 10

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Protostomia
—Spiralia
superphylumLophotrochozoa
phylumMollusca
classBivalvia
—Eubivalvia
subclassAutobranchia(Groblen 1894)
RankNameAuthor
infraclassPteriomorphia(Beurlen 1944)
—OstreomorphiFerussac 1822
—OstreioniFerussac 1822
—OstreataFerussac 1822
superorderOstreiformiiFerussac 1822
orderOstreida(Fërussac 1822)
suborderOstreidina(Ferussac 1822)
superfamilyOstreoidea(Rafinesque 1815)
familyOstreidaeRafinesque 1815
genusCrassostreaSacco 1897

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. Crassostrea Sacco 1897
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Subg. †Crassostrea (Cymbulostrea) Vialov 1936
+
Subg. †Crassostrea (Heterostrea) Jaworski 1913
†Crassostrea afra Bohm 1926
†Crassostrea angulata Sowerby 1840
†Crassostrea ashleyi Hertlein 1934
+
Invalid names: Ostrea altatemblorensis Grant and Eaton in Eaton Grant and Allen 1941 [synonym], Ostrea arnoldi Adegoke 1969 [synonym], Ostrea hertleini Adegoke 1969 [synonym]
†Crassostrea contracta Conrad 1865
†Crassostrea cucullaris Lamarck 1819
†Crassostrea cuebana Jung 1974
†Crassostrea cyathula Lamarck 1806
+
Invalid names: Ostrea planicosta Deshayes 1832 [synonym]
†Crassostrea englekyi Hertlein 1928
†Crassostrea eucorrugata Hertlein 1934
Crassostrea gigas Thunberg 1793 [giant Pacific oyster]
†Crassostrea gryphoides Schlotheim 1813
+
Invalid names: Somalidacna lamellosa Azzaroli 1958 [synonym]
†Crassostrea hatcheri Ihering 1899
†Crassostrea laperrinei Lemoine 1910
†Crassostrea patagonica d'Orbigny 1842
+
Invalid names: Ostrea ferrarisi d'Orbigny 1842 [synonym]
†Crassostrea raincourti Deshayes 1858
Crassostrea sikamea Amemiya 1928
†Crassostrea soudanensis Douvillé 1920
†Crassostrea subtrigonalis Evans and Shumard 1857
+
Invalid names: Ostrea glabra Meek and Hayden 1857 [synonym], Ostrea glabra arcuatilis Meek 1873 [synonym], Ostrea insecuris White 1876 [synonym], Ostrea wyomingensis Meek 1872 [synonym]
†Crassostrea tectonica Squires 2018
†Crassostrea tenera Sowerby 1819
†Crassostrea tetoriensis Komatsu and Chinzei 2002
†Crassostrea titan Conrad 1853
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Invalid names: Ostrea andersoni Adegoke 1969 [synonym], Ostrea ligminuta Grant and Eaton in Eaton Grant and Allen 1941 [synonym], Ostrea panzana Conrad 1857 [synonym], Ostrea prior Grant and Eaton 1941 [synonym], Ostrea subjecta Conrad 1857 [synonym], Ostrea titan andersoni Adegoke 1969 [synonym]
+
Invalid names: Ostrea maxima Hupé 1854 [synonym]
†Crassostrea vaquerosensis Loel and Corey 1932
Crassostrea virginica Gmelin 1791 [eastern oyster]
+
†Crassostrea virginica auroraensis Ward and Blackwelder 1987
†Ostrea virginica falconensis Hodson et al. 1927
†Crassostrea virginica labellensis Olsson and Harbison 1953
†Ostrea contracta amichel Gardner 1945
Invalid names: Ostrea titan corrugata Nomland 1917 [replaced], Ostrea titan titan Conrad 1853 [invalid subgroup], Somalidacna Azzaroli 1958 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: low Mg calcitef
Environment: hypersaline, marine, brackishf
Locomotion: stationaryg
Attached: yesg
Life habit: epifaunalg
Diet: suspension feederg
Vision: blindc
Comments: LIFE HISTORY: EP, IM, CE, SU according to Todd (2001).g
Created: 2009-08-18 17:09:48
Modified: 2009-08-18 19:09:48
Source: g = genus, f = family, c = class
References: Kiessling 2003, Hendy et al. 2009, Aberhan et al. 2004

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Callovian to the top of the Holocene or 165.30000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 161.5 Ma

Collections (742 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Callovian165.3 - 161.5Japan C. tetoriensis (239075)
Berriasian143.1 - 137.05Japan (Yamaguchi) C. yoshimoensis, C. ryosekiensis (40511)
Albian113.2 - 100.5Japan C. kawauchidensis (123132 123133 123134 123156 123164 123165)
Albian113.2 - 100.5USA (Kansas) C. kiowana (1986 1995 2012 2014 2017 2020 2022 2024 2025 2036 2037 2039 2040 2041 2042 2049 2050 2051 2055 2056)
Late/Upper Albian106.3 - 100.5USA (Texas) C. sp. (5195)
Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9Japan C. kawauchidensis (87016 123154 123155 123167 123169 123171)
Early/Lower Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9Japan C. kawauchidensis (122341 122342 122344 123126 123131)
Late/Upper Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9USA (Arizona) C. soleniscus (53488 53489 53491 53492 53503 54117 54155)
Middle Turonian93.9 - 89.8USA (Arizona) C. soleniscus (53504 53511 56072)
Middle Turonian93.9 - 89.8USA (New Mexico) C. soleniscus (88811)
Piripauan86.1 - 83.6New Zealand C. dichotoma (78367 78374 78400 83514 83519 83525)
Early/Lower Santonian85.7 - 83.6Japan C. sp. (114287 114565)
Late/Upper Santonian85.7 - 83.6Japan C. sp. (82330 82333 82347 82348 82372 82373 82374 82375 82377)
Santonian85.7 - 83.6Japan C. sp. (219955)
Late/Upper Santonian - Middle Campanian85.7 - 72.2USA (Georgia) C. cusseta (35289)
Early/Lower Campanian83.6 - 72.2Japan C. sp. (82336 82341 82381 82383)
Middle Campanian83.6 - 72.2USA (Texas) C. cusseta (7468) C. trigonalis (7467)
Middle Campanian83.6 - 72.2Canada (Alberta) Ostrea subtrigonalis (87453)
Middle Campanian - Late/Upper Campanian83.6 - 72.2USA (New Jersey) C. tecticosta (3870)
Middle Campanian - Late/Upper Campanian83.6 - 72.2USA (Texas) C. sp. (212187)