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Diplopoda (millipede)
Taxonomy
Diplopoda was named by Gervais (1844) [also attributed to de Blainville in Gervais 1844]. It is extant.
It was reranked as the order Diplopoda by Scudder (1890); it was reranked as the class Diplopoda by Hoffman (1969), Wilson and Anderson (2004) and Riquelme et al. (2014).
It was assigned to Myriapoda by Scudder (1890) and Dzik (1975); to Dignatha by Grimaldi and Engel (2005); and to Myriapoda by Hoffman (1969), Wilson and Anderson (2004), Štamberg and Zajíc (2008) and Riquelme et al. (2014).
It was reranked as the order Diplopoda by Scudder (1890); it was reranked as the class Diplopoda by Hoffman (1969), Wilson and Anderson (2004) and Riquelme et al. (2014).
It was assigned to Myriapoda by Scudder (1890) and Dzik (1975); to Dignatha by Grimaldi and Engel (2005); and to Myriapoda by Hoffman (1969), Wilson and Anderson (2004), Štamberg and Zajíc (2008) and Riquelme et al. (2014).
Subtaxa
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1844 | Diplopoda Gervais |
| 1890 | Diplopoda Scudder p. 43 |
| 1969 | Diplopoda Hoffman p. 578 |
| 1975 | Diplopoda Dzik p. 17 |
| 2004 | Diplopoda Wilson and Anderson p. 171 |
| 2005 | Diplopoda Grimaldi and Engel |
| 2008 | Diplopoda Štamberg and Zajíc p. 81 |
| 2014 | Diplopoda Riquelme et al. p. 5 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Subcl. Diplopoda Gervais 1844 [millipede]
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Subcl. †Arthropleuridea Waterlot 1934
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Or. †Arthropleurida Waterlot 1934
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Fm. †Arthropleuridae Scudder 1885
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G. †Arthropleura Jordan 1854
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†Arthropleura armata Jordan 1854
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Invalid names: Arthropleura affinis Goldenberg 1873 [synonym], Arthropleura zeilleri Boule 1893 [synonym], Halonia irregularis Geinitz 1855 [synonym]
†Arthropleura britannica Andree 1913
†Arthropleura cristata Richardson 1959
†Arthropleura enodis Guthörl 1934
†Arthropleura fayoli Boule 1893
†Arthropleura maillieuxi Pruvost 1930
†Arthropleura mammata Salter 1863
†Arthropleura moyseyi Calman 1914
†Arthropleura punctata Goldenberg 1873
Invalid names: Carcinochelus Goldenberg 1877 [synonym], Carcinochelus anthracophilus Goldenberg 1877 [nomen dubium], Halonia Geinitz 1855 [synonym]
G. †Branchiopus Dumeril 1806
Invalid names: Tiphoscorpionidae Kjellesvig-Waering 1986 [synonym], Troxites Goldenberg 1854 [nomen dubium], Troxites germari Goldenberg 1854 [nomen dubium]
Subcl. Chilognatha Latreille 1802
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Infracl. Helminthomorpha Pocock 1887
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Superor. †Archipolypoda Scudder 1882
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Or. †Archidesmida Wilson and Anderson 2004
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Fm. †Archidesmidae Scudder 1885
Fm. †Zanclodesmidae Wilson et al. 2005
Or. †Palaeosomatida Hannibal and Krzemiński 2005
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Fm. †Palaeosomatidae Hannibal and Krzemiński 2005
Invalid names: Euphoberidae Scudder 1882 [empty]
G. †Archiulus Scudder 1868
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†Archiulus brassi Dohrn 1868
†Archiulus euphoberioides Scudder 1895
†Archiulus glomeratus Scudder 1890
†Archiulus lyelli Scudder 1895
†Archiulus xylobioides Scudder 1868
Unr. Colobognatha Brandt 1834
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Unr. Eugnatha Attems 1898
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Superor. Juliformia Attems 1926
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Or. Julida Leach 1814
Fm. †Proglomeridae Fritsch 1899
Or. Spirobolida Cook 1895
Or. Spirostreptida Cook 1895
Superfm. †Xyloiuloidea Cook 1895
Fm. †Hexecontasomatidae Hannibal 2000
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Fm. †Oklahomasomatidae Hannibal and May 2020
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Invalid names: Archiulidae Scudder 1873 [invalid subgroup]
Infracl. Pentazonia Brandt 1833
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Superor. Oniscomorpha Pocock 1887
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Or. †Amynilyspedida Hoffman 1969
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Fm. †Amynilyspedidae Hoffman 1969
Fm. †Sphaerherpestidae Fritsch 1899
Invalid names: Sphaerotheriida Brandt 1833 [empty]
Or. †Zosterogrammida Wilson 2005
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Fm. †Zosterogrammidae Wilson 2005
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G. †Casiogrammus Wilson 2005
G. †Purkynia Fritsch 1899
G. †Zosterogrammus Wilson 2005
Or. Chordeumatida Cook 1895
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Fm. Craspedosomatidae Cook 1895
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G. Atractosoma Fanzago 1876
G. Craspedosoma Leach 1814
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†Craspedosoma aculeatum Menge 1854
†Craspedosoma affine Koch and Berendt 1854
†Craspedosoma angulatum Koch and Berendt 1854
†Craspedosoma armatum Menge 1854
†Craspedosoma cylindricum Menge 1854
†Craspedosoma obtusangulum Menge 1854
†Craspedosoma setosum Menge 1854
Invalid names: Heterochordeumatidae Pocock 1894 [empty]
Subcl. Penicillata Latreille 1825
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Or. Polyxenida Lucas 1840
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Superfm. Polyxenoidea Lucas 1840
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Fm. Polyxenidae Lucas 1840
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G. †Electroxenus Nguyen Duy-Jacquemin and Azar 2004
G. †Libanoxenus Nguyen Duy-Jacquemin and Azar 2004
G. Pauropsxenus Silvestri 1948
G. Polyxenus Latreille 1802
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: p = phylum | |||||
| Reference: Kiessling 2004 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Homerian to the top of the Rancholabrean or 430.50000 to 0.01200 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 427.4 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 427.4 Ma
Collections (188 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Wenlock | United Kingdom (Scotland) | Cowiedesmus eroticopodus, Albadesmus almondi, Pneumodesmus newmani (26907) | |
| Wenlock | United Kingdom (South Lanarkshire) | Casiogrammus ichthyeros (155868) | |
| Homerian | United Kingdom (Scotland) | Albadesmus almondi (155916) Cowiedesmus eroticopodus, Albadesmus almondi (155913) Diplopoda indet. (155915) Pneumodesmus newmani (84333) | |
| Pridoli | United Kingdom (England) | Kampecaris dimnorensis (11128) | |
| Lochkovian | United Kingdom (Scotland) | Archidesmus macnicoli (155912 155918) Archidesmus macnicoli, Sigmastria dilata (155933) Kampecaris forfarensis (195121 195122 195123 195127 195128) | |
| Lochkovian - Pragian | United Kingdom (England) | Kampecaris dinmorensis (233872) | |
| Early/Lower Emsian | Germany (Alken) | Eoarthropleura devonica (27049) | |
| Emsian | United Kingdom (Scotland) | Kampecaris tuberculata (120607) | |
| Late/Upper Emsian | Canada (Quebec) | Gaspestria genselorum (155931) | |
| Late/Upper Emsian | Canada (New Brunswick) | Gaspestria genselorum (155932) | |
| Frasnian | Canada (Quebec) | Zanclodesmus willetti (155925) | |
| Frasnian | USA (New York) | Tiphoscorpio hueberi (14295) | |
| Late/Upper Famennian | USA (Pennsylvania) | Orsadesmus rubecollus (35044) | |
| Tournaisian | United Kingdom (Scotland) | Anthracodesmus macconochiei (127550) Archidesmida indet. 1 (195789) Archipolypoda indet. 3 (194781) Chilognatha indet. 5, Archipolypoda indet. 2 (195401) Juliformia indet. 4, Woodesmus sheari (183472) Woodesmus sheari (195790) | |
| Visean | United Kingdom (Wales) | Halonia sp. (34478) | |
| Brigantian | Germany | Euphoberia sp., Arthropleura sp. (153594) | |
| Pendleian | United Kingdom (England) | Arthropleura sp. (224886) | |
| Pendleian | United Kingdom (Scotland) | Diplopoda indet. (134654) | |
| Serpukhovian | Poland | Palaeosoma robustum (195184) | |
| Pennsylvanian | USA (New Mexico) | Diplopoda indet. (217076) | |
| Westphalian A | France | Arthropleura armata (155422) | |
| Westphalian A | United Kingdom (Lancashire) | Arthropleurida indet. (172765) | |
| Westphalian A | Canada (Nova Scotia) | Amynilyspes springhillensis (155664) Xylobius sigillariae, Amynilyspes sp., Archiulus xylobioides, Archiulus lyelli, Xylobius similis, Xylobius fractus, Xylobius dawsoni, Archiulus euphoberioides (28069) Xylobius sigillariae, Archiulus xylobioides (155665) | |
| Westphalian A | United Kingdom (England) | Acantherpestes giganteus, Euphoberia robusta, Euphoberia armigera (127287) Euphoberia woodwardi (96873) Eurypterus ferox (155939) Xylobius platti (34905) Xyloiulus sp. (124367) | |
| Westphalian A | Netherlands (Limburg) | Lauravolsella willemeni (110966) | |
| Westphalian A | France (Nord-Pas-de-Calais) | Arthropleura armata (155425 155426) Arthropleura sp. (155427 155428) | |
| Westphalian A | Belgium | Acantherpestes sp., Xylobius renieri (155630) Arthropleura maillieuxi (155633 155634) Arthropleura sp. (155640) | |
| Westphalian | Germany | Arthropleura armata (137875) | |
| Westphalian | Germany (Saarbrücken) | Arthropleura armata, Arthropleura punctata (124243) | |
| Westphalian | United Kingdom | Eurypterus mammatus (155940) | |
| Westphalian B | Belgium | Arthropleura mammata (155628 155632) Arthropleura mammata, Euphoberia ferox (155631) Arthropleura sp. (155641 155642 155643) | |
| Westphalian B | United Kingdom (England) | Amynilyspes sp. (105060) Arthropleura moyseyi (127218) Euphoberia ferox, Myriacantherpestes sp. (125238) Lepidoptera caterpillar indet. (155938) | |
| Westphalian B | United Kingdom | Euphoberia brownii (195182) Euphoberia ferox (195183) | |
| Westphalian B | United Kingdom (Staffordshire) | Anaxeodesmus diambonotus (153546) | |
| Westphalian B | France (Nord-Pas-de-Calais) | Arthropleura armata (155424) Arthropleura mammata (155423) | |
| Moscovian | Czech Republic (Pilsen) | Euphoberia histrix, Euphoberia varians, Euphoberia absens, Acantherpestes gigas, Acantherpestes vicinus, Acantherpestes ornatus, Acantherpestes foveolatus, Julus constans, Isojulus setipes, Isojulus marginatus, Pleurojulus biornatus, Pleurojulus levis, Pleurojulus aculeatus, Pleurojulus longipes, Pleurojulus falcifer, Pleurojulus pinguis, Xylobius pstrossi, Julus costulatus, Xylobius sellatus, Xylobius tabulatus, Amynilyspes typicus, Amynilyspes crescens, Archiscudderia paupera, Archiscudderia tapeta, Archiscudderia coronata, Archiscudderia regularis, Archiscudderia problematica, Glomeropsis ovalis, Glomeropsis crassa, Glomeropsis magna, Purkynia lata (128574) | |
| Westphalian C | France (Nord-Pas-de-Calais) | Arthropleura sp. (155429) | |
| Westphalian C | Belgium | Arthropleura britannica (123823) | |
| Westphalian C | Germany (Saarland) | Arthropleura armata (124244) Arthropleura armata, Arthropleura enodis (122601) Arthropleura armata, Troxites germari (123956) Chonionotus lithanthracis (122623) | |
| Westphalian C | Germany | Arthropleura affinis (138349) Arthropleura armata (137874 138002 138345 138350 138354 138362 138364) Arthropleura armata, Branchipusites anthracinus (138365) | |
| Westphalian C - Westphalian D | Germany | Arthropleura armata (123825) | |
| Westphalian C - Westphalian D | Canada (Nova Scotia) | Xylobius sp. (80111) | |
| Westphalian D | United Kingdom (England) | Arthropleura sp. (126868) | |
| Westphalian D | Germany (Saarland) | Arthropleura armata (132751) | |
| Westphalian D | USA (Ohio) | Plagiascetus lateralis, Xylobius sp. (85292) | |
| Westphalian D | USA (Pennsylvania) | Arthropleura cristata (225177) | |
| Westphalian D | United Kingdom (Wales) | Euphoberia sp., Pleurojulus levis (127543) | |
| Westphalian D | USA (Illinois) | Euphoberia armigera (155944) Euphoberia armigera, Acantherpestes major, Euphoberia carri (122528) Euphoberia armigera, Acantherpestes major, Euphoberia flabellata (154202) Euphoberia armigera, Euphoberia anguilla (155943) Euphoberia armigera, Euphoberia horrida, Euphoberia granosa, Euphoberia carri, Amynilyspes wortheni (155941) Euphoberia armigera, Euphoberia major, Euphoberia granosa (152106) Euphoberia armigera, Xylobius frustulentus, Acantherpestes major, Euphoberia granosa, Euphoberia spinulosa, Euphoberia simplex, Euphoberia tracta (122521) Euphoberia armigera, Xylobius frustulentus, Acantherpestes major, Euphoberia horrida, Euphoberia granosa, Euphoberia carri, Euphoberia anguilla, Archiulus glomeratus (122527) Euphoberia sp., Pleurojulus biornatus, Euphoberia armigera, Xylobius mazonus, Xylobius frustulentus, Acantherpestes major, Euphoberia granosa, Euphoberia anguilla, Acantherpestes inequalis, Euphoberia hystricosa, Euphoberia cuspidata, Euphoberia spinulosa, Euphoberia simplex, Euphoberia tracta, Archiulus glomeratus (21981) Hexecontasoma carinatum (122493 132455) Pleurojulus biornatus (133734) Pleurojulus biornatus, Amynilyspes wortheni, Sphaerotheriida indet., Oniscomorpha indet. (112638) Pleurojulus biornatus, Zosterogrammus stichostethus (112630) | |
| Westphalian D | Germany | Halonia irregularis (169136) | |
| Westphalian D | United Kingdom (Somerset) | Arthropleura sp., Arthropleura armata (153596) | |
| Stephanian | France | Arthropleura zeilleri (233867) | |
| Stephanian | France (Saône-et-Loire) | Arthropleura sp. (236920) | |
| Stephanian | Italy (Sardinia) | Arthropleura armata (153483) | |
| Stephanian A | USA (Ohio) | Arthropleura cristata (11188) | |
| Gzhelian | France | Arthropleura fayoli (103635) | |
| Stephanian B | Czech Republic (Rakovník) | Julus pictus (154179) | |
| Stephanian B | Spain | Arthropleura armata (169144) Arthropleura sp. (233868) | |
| Stephanian B | Czech Republic | Anthracojulus pictus (155305) | |
| Stephanian B | France | Amynilyspes fatimae, Blanziulus parriati (161212) Arthropleura sp., Amynilyspes fatimae, Blanziulus parriati (122490) | |
| Stephanian C | Spain | Arthropleura sp. (233869 233870 233871) | |
| Stephanian C | Germany | Arthropleura sp. (216757 216758) | |
| Asselian | USA (New Mexico) | Spirobolida indet. (124386) | |
| Asselian - Sakmarian | Germany (Rhineland-Palatinate) | Julus brassii, Carcinochelus anthracophilus (122606) | |
| Artinskian | USA (Oklahoma) | Helminthomorpha indet., Karstiulus fortsillensis, Oklahomasoma richardsspurense, Dolesea subtila (67862) | |
| Artinskian | USA (Texas) | Xylobius sp. (11149) | |
| Kungurian | USA (Texas) | Xylobius sp. (195185) | |
| Griesbachian | Russian Federation (Kemerovo) | Tomiulus angulatus (105040) | |
| Aegean | France (Moselle) | Hannibaliulus wilsonae (161211) | |
| Pelsonian | China (Yunnan) | Diplopoda indet., Sinosoma luopingense (127488) | |
| Pliensbachian - Toarcian | Australia (Queensland) | Decorotergum warrenae (77179) | |
| Early/Lower Barremian | Lebanon | Electroxenus jezzinensis (123000) Libanoxenus hammanaensis (122471) | |
| Cenomanian | France (Alpes-de-Haute- Provence) | Phryssonotus sp. (123441) | |
| Early/Lower Cenomanian | Myanmar | Glomerida indet. (172900) Phryssonotus burmiticus, Polyxenidae indet., Polydesmida indet., Siphonophoridae indet., Polyzoniida indet., Heterochordeumatidae indet., Andrognathidae indet. (144466) Phryssonotus burmiticus, Siphonophora hui, Monstrodesmus grimaldii, Pauropsxenus ordinatus, Pauropsxenus extraneus, Propolydesmus cretaceus, Siphonorhinus globosus, Siphonorhinus peculiaris (161726) Polyxenida indet., Phryssonotus burmiticus, Polydesmida indet., Siphonophoridae indet., Polyzoniida indet. (196547) Polyxenida indet., Stemmiulida indet., Cambalidea indet., Polyxenidae indet., Polydesmida indet., Siphonophorida indet., Siphonophoridae indet., Glomerida indet., Polyzoniida indet., Glomeridesmidae indet., Siphonotidae indet., Siphonorhinidae indet., Chordeumatida indet., Heterochordeumatidae indet., Andrognathidae indet. (184692) Polyxenus burmiticus (123020) Siphonophora hui (199763) Stemmiulida indet., Cambalidea indet., Cambalidae indet., Polydesmida indet., Glomerida indet., Glomeridesmidae indet., Siphonotidae indet., Siphoniulus muelleri, Siphoniulus preciosus, Heterochordeumatidae indet., Andrognathus burmiticus, Callipodida indet. (184444) | |
| Middle Campanian - Late/Upper Campanian | Mongolia (Omnogov) | Diplopoda indet. (13776 28243 37022) | |
| Bridgerian | USA (Wyoming) | Iulus telluster (121306) | |
| Priabonian | Poland | Craspedosoma angulatum, Lophonotus hystrix, Polyxenus colurus, Polyxenus lophurus, Polyxenus caudatus, Glomeris denticulata, Julus politus, Julus badius, Julus rubens, Craspedosoma obtusangulum, Craspedosoma aculeatum, Craspedosoma armatum, Craspedosoma cylindricum, Craspedosoma setosum, Euzonus collulum (120811) Polyxenus conformis, Polyxenus ovalis, Julus laevigatus, Craspedosoma affine (109625) | |
| Priabonian | Russian Federation (Kaliningrad) | Craspedosoma angulatum (138659) Hyleoglomeris groehni (110735 206315) | |
| Chadronian | USA (Colorado) | Iulus florissantellus (106381) Parajulus cockerelli (123119) | |
| MP 30 | Germany (Nordrhein-Westfalen) | Julus antiquus (127628) | |
| Chattian | France | Protosilvestria sculpta (160861 160862) | |
| Aquitanian - Burdigalian | Australia (Queensland) | Julida indet. (106497) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | Mexico (Chiapas) | Anbarrhacus adamantis (217222) Maatidesmus paachtun (217221) Myrmecodesmus sp. (217216) Parastemmiulus elektron (157206) Polydesmida indet. (198592 198593 217215) Siphonophora sp. (217217) Spirobolida indet., Diplopoda indet., Juliformia indet., Stemmiulidae indet., Polydesmida indet., Xystodesmidae indet. (172774) Stemmiulidae indet., Polydesmida indet., Platyrhacidae indet., Siphonophora sp., Xystodesmidae indet. (217220) | |
| Burdigalian | India (Kerala) | Polyxenus miocenica (184505) | |
| Burdigalian | Kenya | Diplopoda indet. (27856) | |
| Burdigalian - Langhian | Dominican Republic | Docodesmus sp., Lophoproctus sp., Siphonophora sp., Lophodesmus sp., Inodesmus sp., Siphonophora hoffmani, Siphonophora velezi (159268) Siphonocybe sp., Docodesmus brodzinskyi (122473) Stemmiulidae indet., Chelodesmidae indet., Docodesmus sp., Lophoproctus sp., Glomeridesmus sp., Epinannolene sp., Siphonophora sp., Siphonotus sp., Iomus sp., Psochodesmus sp., Dasyodontus sp., Inodesmus sp., Siphonophora hoffmani (122472) | |
| Sarmatian | Germany (Wurttemberg) | Julidae indet., Julus antiquus (113752) | |
| Pliocene | USA (Arizona) | Parajulus onychis (152091) | |
| Ruscinian - Villanyian | Hungary (Barany) | Diplopoda indet. (35354) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | Hungary (Barany) | Julus sp. (35459) | |
| Calabrian | Spain (Murcia) | Diplopoda indet. (34128) | |
| Rancholabrean | USA (California) | Spirobolus australis (150336) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Jamaica | Rhinocricus spp., Chondrotropis sp., Cyclodesmus porcellanus, Caraibodesmus verrucosus (224573) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (glacial) | USA (California) | Julus cavicola (155393) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (high glacial) | USA (Texas) | Diplopoda indet. (93103) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (California) | Diplopoda indet. (225801) Julus occidentalis (74235) |