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Gomphotheriidae (gomphothere)

Mammalia - Proboscidea - Gomphotheriidae

Taxonomy
Gomphotheriidae was named by Hay (1922) [also attributed to A. Cabrera 1929]. It is not extant. Its type is Gomphotherium.

It was assigned to Gomphotherioidea by Maglio (1973); to Euelephantoidea by Carroll (1988); to Elephantoidea by Lambert and Shoshani (1998); to Gomphotherioidea by Shoshani and Tassy (2005) and Shoshani et al. (2006); to Proboscidea by Hulbert and Whitmore (2006); to Elephantiformes by Shoshani and Tassy (1996), Sach and Heizmann (2001) and Sanders et al. (2010); to Proboscidea by Kurten and Anderson (1980), Pickford (2003), Wang et al. (2013) and Lambert (2016); to Elephantimorpha by Mothé et al. (2016); and to Elephantoidea by Paula Couto (1956), McKenna and Bell (1997), Sanders and Miller (2002), Geraads et al. (2005), Sanders (2007), Tsoukala et al. (2007) and Cregut-Bonnoure and Tsoukala (2017).

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1870Mastodon shepardii Leidy
1871Mastodon shepardii Leidy
1884Dibelodon shepardi Cope p. 5
1889Dibelodon shepardi Cope p. 195
1893Tetrabelodon shepardii Cope p. 57
1902Mammut shepardi Hay p. 712
1918Rhynchotherium shepardi Osborn
1921Trilophodon (Tetrabelodon) shepardi Frick p. 405
1922Gomphotheriidae Hay
1923Rhynchotherium rectidens Osborn p. 3
1936Rhynchotherium rectidens Osborn
1936Rhynchotherium shepardi Osborn
1942Rhynchotherium shepardi Osborn
1956Gomphotheriidae Paula Couto p. 105
1968Rhynchotherium shepardi Webb and Tessman
1973Gomphotheriidae Maglio
1980Gomphotheriidae Kurten and Anderson p. 346
1988Gomphotheriidae Carroll
1996Gomphotheriidae Shoshani and Tassy p. 352
1997Gomphotheriidae McKenna and Bell p. 500
1998Gomphotheriidae Lambert and Shoshani p. 608
2001Gomphotheriidae Sach and Heizmann p. 40
2002Gomphotheriidae Sanders and Miller p. 389
2003Gomphotheriidae Pickford p. 210
2005Gomphotheriidae Geraads et al. p. 528
2005Gomphotheriidae Shoshani and Tassy p. 9 figs. Table 2
2006Gomphotheriidae Hulbert and Whitmore p. 19
2006Gomphotheriidae Shoshani et al. p. 17300
2007Gomphotheriidae Sanders p. 2
2007Gomphotheriidae Tsoukala et al.
2010Gomphotheriidae Sanders et al. p. 196
2013Gomphotheriidae Wang et al.
2016Gomphotheriidae Lambert p. 3
2016Gomphotheriidae Mothé et al.
2017Gomphotheriidae Cregut-Bonnoure and Tsoukala

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
RankNameAuthor
subclassSynapsida
—Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
—Mammaliamorpha
—Mammaliaformes
classMammalia
—Cladotheria
—Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
—Eutheria()
—Placentalia
—AfrotheriaStanhope et al. 1998
—Tethytheria
orderProboscidea()
familyGomphotheriidaeHay 1922
familyGomphotheriidaeHay 1922

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Fm. †Gomphotheriidae Hay 1922 [gomphothere]
show all | hide all
G. †Amahuacatherium Romero-Pittman 1996
Subfm. †Amebelodontinae Barbour 1927
+
G. †Afromastodon Pickford 2003
+
†Afromastodon coppensi Pickford 2003
G. †Amebelodon Barbour 1927
+
Subg. †Amebelodon (Amebelodon) Barbour 1927
†Amebelodon floridanus Leidy 1886
+
Invalid names: Amebelodon sinclairi Barbour 1930 [synonym], Trilophodon hicksi Cook 1922 [synonym], Trilophodon leidii Frick 1926 [synonym], Trilophodon paladentatus Cook 1922 [synonym]
†Amebelodon fricki Barbour 1927
†Amebelodon grandincisivus Schlesinger 1917
†Amebelodon joraki Frick 1933
G. †Archaeobelodon Tassy 1984
G. †Platybelodon Borissiak 1928
+
†Platybelodon barnumbrowni Barbour 1931
†Platybelodon dangheesis Wang and Qiu 2002
†Platybelodon danovi Borissiak 1928
†Platybelodon grangeri Osborn 1929
†Platybelodon loomisi Barbour 1929
Subfm. †Platybelodontinae Wang et al. 2017
+
G. †Aphanobelodon Wang et al. 2017
+
†Aphanobelodon zhaoi Wang et al. 2017
G. †Progomphotherium Pickford 2003
+
†Progomphotherium maraisi Pickford 2003
G. †Protanancus Arambourg 1945
+
†Protanancus macinnesi Arambourg 1945
Subfm. †Anancinae Hay 1922
+
G. †Anancus Aymard 1855
+
†Anancus arvernensis Croizet and Jobert 1828
†Anancus bensonensis Gidley 1926
†Anancus brazosius Hay 1923
†Anancus capensis Sanders 2007
†Anancus defloccatus Hay 1926
†Anancus kazachstanensis Auberkerova 1974
†Anancus kenyensis MacInnes 1942
+
Invalid names: Anancus osiris Arambourg 1945 [synonym]
†Anancus lehmanni Gaziry 1997
†Anancus orarius Hay 1926
†Anancus perimensis Falconer and Cautley 1847
†Anancus petrocchii Coppens 1965
†Anancus sinensis Hopwood 1935
†Anancus sivalensis Cautley 1836
Invalid names: Brevirostrinae Osborn 1923 [synonym]
G. †Blancotherium May 2019
+
†Blancotherium buckneri Sellards 1940
Subfm. †Cuvieroniinae Cabrera 1929
+
G. †Notiomastodon Cabrera 1929
+
†Notiomastodon platensis Ameghino 1888
+
Invalid names: Amahuacatherium peruvium Romero-Pittman 1996 [synonym], Haplomastodon chimborazi Proaño 1922 [synonym], Mastodon bonaerensis Moreno 1888 [synonym], Notiomastodon ornatus Cabrera 1929 [synonym], Stegomastodon superbus Ameghino 1888 [synonym], Stegomastodon waringi Holland 1920 [synonym]
Invalid names: Haplomastodon Hoffstetter 1950 [synonym]
G. †Cuvieronius Osborn 1923
+
†Cuvieronius arellanoi Ochoterena and Silva 1970
†Cuvieronius hyodon Fischer 1814
+
Invalid names: Mastodon bolivianus Philippi 1893 [synonym], Mastodon humboldtii Cuvier 1805 [synonym]
†Cuvieronius priestleyi Hay and Cook 1930
†Cuvieronius tropicus Cope 1884
+
Invalid names: Cordillerion defloccatus Hay 1926 [synonym], Cordillerion orarius Hay 1926 [synonym], Mastodon oligobunis Cope 1893 [synonym]
Invalid names: Cordillerion Osborn 1926 [synonym], Cuvieronius tarijensis Cabrera 1929 [nomen nudum]
G. †Eubelodon Barbour 1914
+
†Eubelodon morrilli Barbour 1914
G. †Eurybelodon Lambert 2016
+
†Eurybelodon shoshanii Lambert 2016
G. †Gnathabelodon Barbour and Sternberg 1935
+
†Gnathabelodon thorpei Barbour and Sternberg 1935
Subfm. †Gomphotheriinae Hay 1922
+
Tr. †Amebelodontini Barbour 1927
+
Invalid names: Amebelodontina McKenna and Bell 1997 [empty], Protanancina McKenna and Bell 1997 [empty]
Invalid names: Gnathabelodontinae Barbour and Sternberg 1935 [synonym], Gomphotheriini Hay 1922 [empty]
G. †Gomphotherium Burmeister 1837
+
†Gomphotherium angustidens Burmeister 1837
†Gomphotherium connexus Hopwood 1935
†Gomphotherium ngorora Maglio 1974
+
Invalid names: Gomphotherium pojoaquense Frick 1926 [synonym], Mastodon serridens Cope 1884 [synonym], Megabelodon minor Mawby 1968 [synonym], Ocalientinus ojocaliensis Frick 1933 [synonym], Tetrabelodon lulli Barbour 1914 [synonym], Trilophodon cruziensis Frick 1933 [synonym], Trilophodon joraki Frick 1933 [synonym], Trilophodon phippsi Cook 1928 [synonym]
†Gomphotherium pygmaeus Depéret 1897
†Gomphotherium shensiensis Chang and Zhai 1978
†Gomphotherium wimani Hopwood 1935
Invalid names: Genomastodon Barbour 1917 [synonym], Ocalientinus Frick 1933 [synonym], Serridentinus Osborn 1923 [synonym], Tatabelodon Frick 1933 [synonym], Tetrabelodon Cope 1884 [synonym], Trilophodon Falconer 1857 [synonym], Trobelodon Frick 1933 [synonym]
G. †Konobelodon Lambert 1990
+
†Konobelodon atticus Wagner 1857
†Konobelodon britti Lambert 1990
G. †Masthodon Proano 1922
+
†Masthodon chimborazi Proano 1922
G. †Mastotherium Fischer 1814
+
†Mastotherium hyodon Fischer 1814
+
Invalid names: Mastodon andium Cuvier 1805 [objective synonym]
G. †Megabelodon Barbour 1914
G. †Morrillia Osborn 1924
+
†Morrillia barbouri Osborn 1921
G. †Pediolophodon Lambert 2007
+
†Pediolophodon fricki Osborn 1936
G. †Pentalophodon Falconer 1857
+
†Pentalophodon sivalensis Petrocchi 1943
Subfm. †Rhynchotheriinae Hay 1922
+
Invalid names: Cuvieroniini Cabrera 1929 [empty], Rhynchorostrinae Osborn 1923 [synonym], Rhynchotheriini Hay 1922 [empty]
G. †Rhynchotherium Falconer 1868
+
†Rhynchotherium blicki Frick 1933
+
Invalid names: Rhynchotherium tlascalae Falconer 1868 [synonym]
†Rhynchotherium falconeri Osborn 1923
+
Invalid names: Rhynchotherium browni Osborn 1936 [synonym], Trilophodon edensis Frick 1921 [synonym]
Invalid names: Aybelodon Frick 1933 [synonym], Blickotherium Frick 1933 [synonym], Dibelodon Cope 1884 [synonym]
G. †Selenolophodon Chang and Zhai 1978
+
G. †Serbelodon Frick 1933
+
†Serbelodon burnhami Osborn 1933
G. †Sinomastodon Tobien et al. 1986
+
†Sinomastodon bumiajuensis van der Maarel 1932
†Sinomastodon yangziensis Wang et al. 2014
G. †Stegomastodon Pohlig 1912
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†Stegomastodon aftoniae Osborn 1924
†Stegomastodon chapmani Osborn 1924
+
Invalid names: Mastodon chapmani Hays 1834 [objective synonym]
+
Invalid names: Mastodon successor Cope 1892 [synonym], Stegomastodon arizonae Gidley 1926 [synonym], Stegomastodon rexroadensis Woodburne 1961 [synonym], Stegomastodon texanus Osborn 1924 [synonym]
†Stegomastodon primitivus Osborn 1936
Invalid names: Rhabdobunus Hay 1914 [synonym]
G. †Synconolophus Osborn 1929
G. †Tetralophodon Falconer 1857
+
Subg. †Tetralophodon (Lydekkeria) Osborn 1924
+
Subg. †Tetralophodon (Tetralophodon) Falconer 1857
G. †Torynobelodon Barbour 1929
Invalid names: Mastodon shepardii Leidy 1870 [nomen dubium], Rhynchotherium rectidens Osborn 1923 [nomen dubium]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: terrestrialsubc
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: ground dwellingf
Diet: browserf
Reproduction: viviparoussubc
Created: 2005-08-31 15:21:50
Modified: 2005-08-31 17:21:50
Source: f = family, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Lambert and Shoshani 1998, Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009, Ji et al. 2002, Lillegraven 1979

Age range: base of the Chattian to the top of the Holocene or 28.10000 to 0.00000 Ma

Collections (1169 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Oligocene33.9 - 23.03Saudi Arabia (Al Hijaz) Gomphotherium sp. (97221)
Late/Upper Oligocene - Burdigalian28.4 - 15.97China (Gansu) Gomphotherium sp. (42066)
Chattian28.1 - 23.03Ethiopia Gomphotherium sp. (71941)
MN 123.03 - 22.4Germany Gomphotherium sp. (70327)
Aquitanian - Burdigalian23.03 - 15.97Libya Mastodon angustidens (42130)
Early/Lower Miocene23.03 - 15.97Kenya Gomphotheriidae indet., Platybelodon kisumensis (70808)
Early/Lower Miocene23.03 - 15.97Egypt Gomphotherium angustidens (123296)
Early/Lower Miocene23.03 - 15.97USA (Louisiana) Gomphotheriidae indet. (164387)
Early/Lower Miocene23.03 - 15.97Germany Gomphotherium angustidens (70361) Gomphotherium subtapiroideum (70362)
Early/Lower Miocene23.03 - 15.97Mongolia Serridentinus mongoliensis (137619)

Youngest occurrences
Time interval Ma Country or state PBDB collection number
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene0.129 - 0.0Brazil (Bahia) Notiomastodon platensis (212449)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene0.129 - 0.0Chile Cuvieronius sp. (71266)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene0.129 - 0.0Argentina (Santiago del Estero) Notiomastodon platensis (216693)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene0.129 - 0.0Argentina (Buenos Aires) Stegomastodon sp. (191127)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene0.129 - 0.0Brazil (Rio Grande do Norte) Gomphotheriidae indet. (148309) Stegomastodon waringi (93235)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene0.129 - 0.0Ecuador (Carchi) Notiomastodon platensis (213209)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Brazil (Acre) Notiomastodon platensis (217863 217867)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Brazil (Pernambuco) Gomphotheriidae indet. (213200)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Chile Notiomastodon platensis (213216)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Brazil (Bahia) Stegomastodon waringi (147605)