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Magnoliophyta

Taxonomy
Magnoliophyta was named by Cronquist et al. [McLoughlin et al. 1995 ranked this as a division.]. It is extant.

It was assigned to Plantae by Hueber (1983); and to Cycadophytanae by Doweld (2001).

Subtaxa
Andreisporis, Anthophyta, Araripia, Asteropollis, Auriculiidites, Auriculopollenites, Bacumorphomonocolpites, Balanopollis, Bignonia, Brenneripollis, Brevicolporites, Ceratocarpus, Constructipollenites, Cornetipollis, Crassitriapertites, Crassitricolporites, Cristaecolpites, Cristaeturites, Crusafontites, Cupuliferoidaepollenites, Dettmannaepollenites, Dicolpopollis, Dryadopollis, Echitricolpites, Foveomonocolpites, Foveotetradites, Foveotricolpites, Fraxinoipollenites, Hammenia, Hexacolpites, Holkopollenites, Inaperturotetradites, Integritetradites, Intrareticulitis, Jugella, Lethomasites, Microfoveotriporites, Monocolpopollenites, Multiporopollenites, Nigeripollis, Nyssapollenites, Pediculisporis, Penetetrapites, Phimopollenites, Pleurospermaepollenites, Polycolpopollenites, Polyporotetradites, Protrudodiporites, Psilabrevitricolpites, Psilabrevitricolporites, Psilamonocolpites, Psilastephanocolpites, Psilastephanocolporites, Psilastephanoporites, Psilatricolpites, Ranunculacidites, Retibrevitricolpites, Retibrevitricolporites, Retipollenites, Retistephanocolpites, Retistephanoporites, Retisyncolporites, Retitrescolpites, Retitricolpites, Scabratriporites, Schrankipollis, Senectotetradites, Stephanoporopollenites, Striatriporites, Translucentipollis, Tricolporoidites, Trifossapollenites, Triporites, Triporotetradites, Verrustephanocolporites, Verrutricolpites

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1983Magnoliophyta Hueber p. 272
2001Magnoliophyta Doweld

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomPlantae
phylumTracheophyta(Sinnott 1935)
—Pteridobiotina
RankNameAuthor
superphylumCycadophytanae
phylumMagnoliophytaCronquist et al.
phylumMagnoliophytaCronquist et al.

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Ph. Magnoliophyta Cronquist et al.
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G. †Andreisporis Belsky et al. 1965
+
†Andreisporis mariae Belsky et al. 1965
+
G. †Aquilapollenites Rouse 1957
+
†Aquilapollenites minimus Belsky et al. 1965
G. †Cranwellia Srivastava 1966
Unr. †Liliopsida Kenrick and Crane 1997
+
Unr. †Alismatidae
+
Invalid names: Hydrocharitales Dumort 1829 [empty], Triuridales [empty]
G. †Limnocarpus Reid 1898
+
†Limnocarpus cooperi Chandler 1961
†Limnocarpus enormis Chandler 1961
†Limnocarpus forbesi Heer 1862
†Limnocarpus headonensis Gardner 1898
†Limnocarpus magnus Chandler 1961
Invalid names: Liliophyceae Kenrick and Crane 1997 [replaced]
G. †Loranthacites Mtchedlishvili 1961
+
†Loranthacites nataliae Salard-Cheboldaeff 1978
G. †Araripia Mohr and Eklund 2003
+
†Araripia florifera Mohr and Eklund 2003
G. †Asteropollis Hedlund and Norris 1968
+
†Asteropollis asteroides Hedlund and Norris 1968
†Asteropollis transitorius Vallati 2006
†Asteropollis vulgaris Singh 1983
G. †Auriculiidites Elsik 1964
+
†Auriculiidites hourcqui Boltenhagen 1967
G. †Auriculopollenites Legoux et al. 1970
+
†Auriculopollenites reticulatus Salard-Cheboldaeff 1978
G. †Bacumorphomonocolpites Sole de Porta 1971
+
†Bacumorphomonocolpites tausae Sole de Porta 1971
G. †Balanopollis Salard-Cheboldaeff 1978
+
†Balanopollis minutus Salard-Cheboldaeff 1978
G. Bignonia Linnaeus 1753
+
Bignonia caerulea Linnaeus 1753
Bignonia catalpa Linnaeus 1753
Bignonia crucigera Linnaeus 1753
Bignonia espreolata Linnaeus 1753
†Bignonia gigantifolia Engelhardt 1891
Bignonia indica Linnaeus 1753
Bignonia loucoxylon Linnaeus 1753
Bignonia paniculata Linnaeus 1753
Bignonia peruviana Linnaeus 1753
Bignonia radiata Linnaeus 1753
Bignonia radicans Linnaeus 1753
Bignonia sempervireus Linnaeus 1753
Bignonia unguiscati Linnaeus 1753
G. †Brenneripollis Juhász and Goczan 1985
+
†Brenneripollis pellitusreticulatus Juhász and Goczan 1985
G. †Brevicolporites Anderson 1960
+
†Brevicolporites guinetti Salard-Cheboldaeff 1978
†Brevicolporites molinae Salard-Cheboldaeff 1978
G. †Ceratocarpus Velenovsky and Viniklar 1931
+
†Ceratocarpus fendrychi Velenovsky and Viniklar 1931
G. †Constructipollenites van Hoeken-Klinkenberg 1964
+
†Constructipollenites ineffectus van Hoeken-Klinkenberg 1964
G. †Cornetipollis Pocock and Vasanthy 1988
+
†Cornetipollis herngreenii Deaf et al. 2014
G. †Crassitriapertites Herngreen 1972
+
†Crassitriapertites uesugii Herngreen 1972
G. †Crassitricolporites Herngreen 1972
+
G. †Cristaecolpites Schrank 1994
+
G. †Cristaeturites Schrank 1994
+
†Cristaeturites cristatus Schrank 1994
G. †Crusafontites Sole de Porta 1971
+
†Crusafontites megagemmatus Jaramillo and Dilcher 2001
G. †Cupuliferoidaepollenites Potonié et al. 1950
+
+
Invalid names: Psilatricolpites parvulus Norris 1967 [synonym]
G. †Dettmannaepollenites Kedves 1999
+
†Dettmannaepollenites clavatus Schrank and Mahmoud 2000
G. †Dicolpopollis Pflanzl 1956
+
†Dicolpopollis malesianus Muller 1968
G. †Dryadopollis Srivastava 1977
+
†Dryadopollis argus Srivastava 1975
†Dryadopollis minima Barreda 1997
G. †Echitricolpites Regali et al. 1974
G. †Foveomonocolpites Wijmstra 1971
+
G. †Foveotetradites Singh 1983
+
G. †Foveotricolpites Pierce 1961
+
†Foveotricolpites genuinus González-Guzmán 1967
†Foveotricolpites giganteus Du Chene 1978
†Foveotricolpites perforatus Van der Hammen and Garcia de Mutis 1966
†Foveotricolpites pomarius Van der Hammen and Garcia de Mutis 1966
†Foveotricolpites prolatus Frederiksen 1973
†Foveotricolpites santanderianus Van der Hammen and Garcia de Mutis 1966
G. †Fraxinoipollenites Potonié 1960
+
†Fraxinoipollenites variformis Norvick and Burger 1975
G. †Hammenia Ward 1986
G. †Hexacolpites Erdtman 1947
+
†Hexacolpites echinatus Salard-Cheboldaeff 1978
†Hexacolpites indicus Ramanujam 1966
G. †Holkopollenites Stover 1966
+
†Holkopollenites chemardensis Stover et al. 1966
†Holkopollenites forix Christopher and Prowell 2010
†Holkopollenites irregularis Christopher and Prowell 2002
†Holkopollenites propinquus Christopher and Prowell 2010
G. †Inaperturotetradites van Hoeken-Klinkenberg 1964
+
†Inaperturotetradites lacunosus van Hoeken-Klinkenberg 1964
†Inaperturotetradites reticulatus Salard-Cheboldaeff 1978
G. †Integritetradites Schrank and Mahmoud 2000
+
†Integritetradites porosus Schrank and Mahmoud 2000
G. †Intrareticulitis Kar 1985
+
G. †Jugella Mchedlishvili and Shakmundes 1973
+
†Jugella caichiguensis Schrank 2010
†Jugella semistriata Schrank 2010
†Jugella sibirica Mtchedlishvili and Shakmundes 1973
G. †Lethomasites Ward 1989
G. †Microfoveotriporites van Hoeken-Klinkenberg 1966
+
†Microfoveotriporites cretaceus van Hoeken-Klinkenberg 1966
G. †Monocolpopollenites Pflug and Thomson 1953
+
†Monocolpopollenites ovatus Jaramillo and Dilcher 2001
†Monocolpopollenites sphaeroidites Jardiné and Magloire 1965
†Monocolpopollenites spheroidites Jardiné and Magloire 1965
G. †Multiporopollenites Pflug 1953
+
†Multiporopollenites pauciporatus Jaramillo and Dilcher 2001
G. †Nigeripollis Srivastava 1975
+
†Nigeripollis gemmatus Salami 1985
G. †Nyssapollenites Thiergart 1937
+
†Nyssapollenites barooahii Sah and Dutta 1968
†Nyssapollenites endobalteus Mildenhall and Pocknall 1989
†Nyssapollenites incertus Dutta and Sah 1970
†Nyssapollenites kutchensis Venkatachala and Kar 1969
†Nyssapollenites lanosus Dettmann 1973
†Nyssapollenites lehmanii Schrank 1994
†Nyssapollenites pachyexinus Baldoni and Askin 1993
†Nyssapollenites scabratus De Benedetti et al. 2023
†Nyssapollenites squamosus Dettmann 1973
G. †Pediculisporis Belsky et al. 1965
+
†Pediculisporis reticularis Belsky et al. 1965
†Pediculisporis rnicrogranulatus Belsky et al. 1965
G. †Penetetrapites Hedlund and Norris 1968
+
†Penetetrapites incipiens de Lima 1989
†Penetetrapites mollis Hedlund and Norris 1968
G. †Phimopollenites Dettmann 1973
+
†Phimopollenites pannosus Dettmann 1974
†Phimopollenites pseudocheros Srivastava 1975
G. †Pleurospermaepollenites Kulkova 1973
G. †Polycolpopollenites Nakoman 1967
G. †Polyporotetradites Salard-Cheboldaeff 1978
+
†Polyporotetradites laevigatus Salard-Cheboldaeff 1978
G. †Protrudodiporites van Hoeken-Klinkenberg 1966
+
†Protrudodiporites typicus van Hoeken-Klinkenberg 1966
G. †Psilabrevitricolpites van Hoeken-Klinkenberg 1966
+
†Psilabrevitricolpites flexibilis van Hoeken-Klinkenberg 1966
†Psilabrevitricolpites rotundus van Hoeken-Klinkenberg 1966
G. †Psilabrevitricolporites Van der Kaars 1983
+
†Psilabrevitricolporites triangularis Jaramillo and Dilcher 2001
G. †Psilamonocolpites Van der Hammen and Garcia de Mutis 1966
+
†Psilamonocolpites grandis Van der Hammen 1954
†Psilamonocolpites magnus Du Chene 1978
†Psilamonocolpites medius Van der Hammen 1954
G. †Psilastephanocolpites Leidelmeyer 1966
+
†Psilastephanocolpites adinos González-Guzmán 1967
†Psilastephanocolpites marginatus González-Guzmán 1967
†Psilastephanocolpites parvus Salard-Cheboldaeff 1978
†Psilastephanocolpites verrucosus González-Guzmán 1967
G. †Psilastephanocolporites Leidelmeyer 1966
+
†Psilastephanocolporites brevicolpatus Jaramillo and Dilcher 2001
†Psilastephanocolporites globulus van Hoeken-Klinkenberg 1966
†Psilastephanocolporites grandis Salard-Cheboldaeff 1978
†Psilastephanocolporites laevigatus Salard-Cheboldaeff 1978
†Psilastephanocolporites minor Salard-Cheboldaeff 1978
†Psilastephanocolporites perforatus Salard-Cheboldaeff 1978
†Psilastephanocolporites punctatus Salard-Cheboldaeff 1978
†Psilastephanocolporites scabratus Salard-Cheboldaeff 1978
G. †Psilastephanoporites Regali et al. 1974
G. †Psilatricolpites Van der Hammen and Wijmstra 1964
+
†Psilatricolpites acerbus González-Guzmán 1967
†Psilatricolpites brevis González-Guzmán 1967
†Psilatricolpites colpiconstrictus van Hoeken-Klinkenberg 1966
†Psilatricolpites inargutus Archangelsky 1973
+
Invalid names: Tricolpites inargutus McIntyre 1968 [replaced]
†Psilatricolpites minutus González-Guzmán 1967
†Psilatricolpites palaeocenica Van der Hammen and Garcia de Mutis 1966
†Psilatricolpites polaroides González-Guzmán 1967
†Psilatricolpites psilascabratus Archangelsky 1973
+
Invalid names: Tricolpites psilascabratus Norton 1969 [replaced]
†Psilatricolpites psilatus Potonié 1966
†Psilatricolpites simplex Jaramillo and Dilcher 2001
†Psilatricolpites tetradus Brenner 1968
Invalid names: Psilatricolpites rubini Van der Hammen and Wymstra 1964 [nomen nudum]
G. †Ranunculacidites Sah 1967
+
†Ranunculacidites operculatus Jaramillo and Dilcher 2001
+
†Psilatricolporites operculatus minutus González-Guzmán 1967
Invalid names: Psilatricolporites operculatus Van der Hammen and Wijmstra 1964 [synonym]
G. †Retibrevitricolpites van Hoeken-Klinkenberg 1966
+
†Retibrevitricolpites catatumbus González-Guzmán 1967
†Retibrevitricolpites distinctus van Hoeken-Klinkenberg 1966
†Retibrevitricolpites grandis Jaramillo and Dilcher 2001
†Retibrevitricolpites increatus González-Guzmán 1967
†Retibrevitricolpites retibolus Leidelmeyer 1966
†Retibrevitricolpites triangulatus van Hoeken-Klinkenberg 1966
G. †Retibrevitricolporites Legoux 1978
+
†Retibrevitricolporites grandis Jaramillo and Dilcher 2001
†Retibrevitricolporites speciosus Jaramillo and Dilcher 2001
G. †Retipollenites González-Guzmán 1967
+
†Retipollenites confusus González-Guzmán 1967
G. †Retistephanocolpites Leidelmeyer 1966
+
†Retistephanocolpites angeli Leidelmeyer 1966
†Retistephanocolpites finalis González-Guzmán 1967
†Retistephanocolpites fossulatus Jaramillo and Dilcher 2001
†Retistephanocolpites minutus González-Guzmán 1967
†Retistephanocolpites regularis van Hoeken-Klinkenberg 1966
†Retistephanocolpites williamsii Germeraad et al. 1968
G. †Retistephanoporites González-Guzmán 1967
+
†Retistephanoporites angelicus González-Guzmán 1967
†Retistephanoporites crassiexinatus Jaramillo and Dilcher 2001
†Retistephanoporites minutiporus Jaramillo and Dilcher 2001
G. †Retisyncolporites González-Guzmán 1967
+
†Retisyncolporites angularis González-Guzmán 1967
†Retisyncolporites aureus González-Guzmán 1967
G. †Retitrescolpites Sah 1967
+
†Retitrescolpites assamicus Dutta and Sah 1970
†Retitrescolpites baculatus Jaramillo and Dilcher 2001
†Retitrescolpites irregularis Jaramillo and Dilcher 2001
+
Invalid names: Retitricolporites irregularis Van der Hammen and Wijmstra 1964 [replaced]
†Retitrescolpites magnus Jaramillo and Dilcher 2001
+
Invalid names: Retitricolpites magnus González-Guzmán 1967 [replaced]
†Retitrescolpites minor Dutta and Sah 1970
†Retitrescolpites peculiaris Jaramillo and Dilcher 2001
†Retitrescolpites saturum Jaramillo and Dilcher 2001
+
Invalid names: Retitricolpites saturum González-Guzmán 1967 [replaced]
G. †Retitricolpites Van der Hammen 1956
+
†Retitricolpites absolutus Jaramillo and Dilcher 2001
†Retitricolpites adeptus González-Guzmán 1967
†Retitricolpites adultus González-Guzmán 1967
†Retitricolpites amapaensis Regali et al. 1974
†Retitricolpites americana Wymstra 1966
†Retitricolpites antonii González-Guzmán 1967
†Retitricolpites bonus González-Guzmán 1967
†Retitricolpites clarensis González-Guzmán 1967
†Retitricolpites conciliatus González-Guzmán 1967
†Retitricolpites constrictus González-Guzmán 1967
†Retitricolpites fragosus Hedlund and Norris 1968
†Retitricolpites herrerae Van der Hammen and Garcia de Mutis 1966
†Retitricolpites incisus González-Guzmán 1967
†Retitricolpites jardinei Kedves 1999
†Retitricolpites maledictus González-Guzmán 1967
†Retitricolpites marginatus van Hoeken-Klinkenberg 1966
†Retitricolpites maturus González-Guzmán 1967
†Retitricolpites microreticulatus Van der Hammen 1954
†Retitricolpites minutus Kedves 1999
†Retitricolpites obtusus van Hoeken-Klinkenberg 1966
†Retitricolpites operculatus Herngreen 1973
†Retitricolpites perditus González-Guzmán 1967
†Retitricolpites polaris Gonzalez 1966
†Retitricolpites robustus Sah and Kar 1970
†Retitricolpites salardae Kedves 1999
†Retitricolpites simplex González-Guzmán 1967
†Retitricolpites sitholeyii Ramanujam 1966
†Retitricolpites virgeus Brenner 1962
†Retitricolpites vulgaris Pierce 1961
G. †Scabratriporites Van der Hammen 1956
+
†Scabratriporites annellus van Hoeken-Klinkenberg 1964
†Scabratriporites moderatus González-Guzmán 1967
†Scabratriporites redundans González-Guzmán 1967
†Scabratriporites simpliformis van Hoeken-Klinkenberg 1966
G. †Schrankipollis Doyle et al. 1990
+
†Schrankipollis kachaikensis Barreda and Archangelsky 2006
†Schrankipollis mawhoubensis Doyle et al. 1990
†Schrankipollis reticulatus Regali and Santos 1996
G. †Senectotetradites Dettmann 1973
+
G. †Stephanoporopollenites Thomson 1953
+
G. †Striatriporites van Hoeken-Klinkenberg 1966
+
†Striatriporites nigeriensis van Hoeken-Klinkenberg 1966
G. †Translucentipollis Chlonova 1961
+
G. †Tricolporoidites Pacltova 1971
+
G. †Trifossapollenites Rouse 1957
+
†Trifossapollenites constatus Dutta and Sah 1970
†Trifossapollenites ivoirensis Jardiné and Magloire 1965
G. †Triporites Van der Hammen 1954
G. †Triporotetradites van Hoeken-Klinkenberg 1964
+
†Triporotetradites hoekenii Salard-Cheboldaeff 1978
†Triporotetradites letouzeyi Salard-Cheboldaeff 1978
†Triporotetradites scabratus van Hoeken-Klinkenberg 1964
G. †Verrustephanocolporites Salard-Cheboldaeff 1978
+
†Verrustephanocolporites complanatus Salard-Cheboldaeff 1978
G. †Verrutricolpites Pierce 1961
+
†Verrutricolpites irregularis González-Guzmán 1967
†Verrutricolpites triangulus Sah and Kar 1970
†Verrutricolpites unicus González-Guzmán 1967
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
No ecological data are available

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Norian to the top of the Late/Upper Pleistocene or 228.00000 to 0.01170 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 208.5 Ma

Collections (899 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Norian228.0 - 208.5USA (North Carolina) Anthophyta indet. (55493)
Middle Jurassic - Late/Upper Cenomanian174.7 - 93.5Egypt (Western Desert) Nyssapollenites sp., Foveotricolpites gigantoreticulatus (139303)
Neocomian - Barremian145.0 - 125.0Sudan (South Kurdufan) Monocolpopollenites sp. (172845 172847 172849 172850 172851 172853 172859 172864 172866)
Early/Lower Cretaceous145.0 - 100.5Antarctica Psilatricolpites sp., Retitricolpites sp. (150877)
Valanginian - Barremian139.8 - 125.0Chile (Doceava Región) Asteropollis sp. (150021)
Late/Upper Hauterivian136.4 - 130.0United Kingdom (England) Bevhalstea pebja (119697)
Late/Upper Barremian - Early/Lower Aptian130.0 - 122.46Argentina (Neuquén) Asteropollis transitorius, Asteropollis asteroides (149818)
Barremian - Early/Lower Aptian129.4 - 122.46China (Nei Mongol) Asteropollis trichotomosulcatus (46976)
Barremian - Aptian129.4 - 113.0Sudan (West Kurdufan) Monocolpopollenites sp. (145173 145174 145176 145177)
Barremian - Aptian129.4 - 113.0Senegal (Dakar) Trifossapollenites ivorensis (137358)
Barremian - Albian129.4 - 100.5China (Guizhou) Cupuliferoidaepollenites sp. (182652)
Barremian - Albian129.4 - 100.5Israel (Southern Coastal Plain) Retitricolpites sp. (144170)
Aptian125.0 - 113.0Colombia (Huila) Retipollenites finitus, Brenneripollis sp. (139394)
Aptian125.0 - 113.0Egypt (Matruh) Brenneripollis sp. (137370 137371)
Aptian125.0 - 113.0Egypt (Western Desert) Psilamonocolpites spp., Brenneripollis perorcticulatus, Schrankipollis mawhoubensis (142198 142199 142200) Schrankipollis mawhoubensis (142201)
Aptian - Early/Lower Albian125.0 - 109.0Argentina (Santa Cruz) Asteropollis asteroides (149850)
Aptian - Albian125.0 - 100.5Sudan (West Kurdufan) Monocolpopollenites sp. (145162 145163 145166 145172)
Aptian - Albian125.0 - 100.5Sudan (South Kurdufan) Monocolpopollenites sp. (145154 145155 145156 145160)
Aptian - Albian125.0 - 100.5Colombia (Huila) Asteropollis asteripolliformis (139371) Brenneripollis columellatus chiquis (139377) Brenneripollis sp. (139387) Psilamonocolpites sp. (139374 139375) Psilamonocolpites sp., Asteropollis asteripolliformis (139380) Psilatricolpites simplex, Retitricolpites spp., Retipollenites gigantoechinus, Brenneripollis sp. (139392) Retipollenites afropollinicus, Retipollenites spp., Schrankipollis mawhoubensis (139389) Retipollenites finitus, Retipollenites spp., Psilamonocolpites sp., Brenneripollis columellatus chiquis (139391) Retitricolpites spp. (139370 139372 139373) Schrankipollis microreticulatus (139388) Schrankipollis microreticulatus, Psilatricolpites simplex, Retitricolpites spp., Retipollenites afropollinicus, Retipollenites finitus, Retipollenites fossulatusmejiatus, Retipollenites gigantoechinus, Retipollenites grandis, Retipollenites spp., Psilamonocolpites sp., Asteropollis asteripolliformis, Brenneripollis columellatus chiquis, Brenneripollis columellatus grandis, Brenneripollis echinoafropollinicus, Brenneripollis sp., Phimopollenites pannosus, Phimopollenites pseudocheros, Schrankipollis mawhoubensis (139401)
Aptian - Albian125.0 - 100.5Peru (Loreto) Asteropollis sp. (144302) Psilatricolpites triprotuberatus, Psilatricolpites hammenii, Retitricolpites colpoverrucatus, Retitricolpites grandi, Retitricolpites reticuloghazalatensi, Retitricolpites sp. A, Retitricolpites sp. B, Retipollenites sp., Psilamonocolpites minor, Retitricolpites microreticulatus, Phimopollenites sp. A, Multiporopollenites mulleri, Multiporopollenites polygonalis, Psilatricolpites tetradus (144299)