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Iguanodontia
This has commonly been cited as having been named by Dollo (1888), since being listed as such in Sereno (1986) with a reference to Hay (1902). But this is incorrect - Dollo named no such group, and Hay was in error, cited presumably without reference back to Dollo (1888) by Sereno (1986). The first known usage of the name is Baur (1891).
It was synonymized subjectively with Ornithopoda by Matthew (1915), Kuhn (1966); it was reranked as the infraorder Iguanodontia by Sereno (1986); it was reranked as the order Iguanodontia by Sancarlo et al. (2025); it was reranked as the unranked clade Iguanodontia by Sereno (1997), Sereno (1998), Sereno (1999), Buchholz (2002), Norman (2004), Sánchez-Hernández et al. (2007), Butler et al. (2008), Galton (2009), Shibata et al. (2011), Han et al. (2012), Norman (2014), Escaso et al. (2014), Gasulla et al. (2015), Shibata et al. (2015), Wang et al. (2017), Madzia et al. (2018), Xu et al. (2018), Herne et al. (2019), Ibiricu et al. (2019), Prieto-Márquez et al. (2019), Dieudonné et al. (2020), Verdú et al. (2021), Bertozzo et al. (2025), Yao et al. (2026), Magyar et al. (2026), Huang et al. (2026).
It was assigned to Archosauria by Baur (1891); to Hypsilophodontia by Cooper (1985); to Euornithopoda by Benton (1990), Weishampel and Heinrich (1992), Sereno (1997), Sereno (1998), Sereno (1999), Buchholz (2002), Norman (2004), Sachs and Hornung (2006), Galton (2007), Galton (2009); to Clypeodonta by Norman (2014), Herne et al. (2019), Dieudonné et al. (2020); to Ornithopoda by Lull (1912), Russell (1984), Sereno (1986), Norman (1989), Godefroit et al. (1998), Norman and Sues (2000), Novas et al. (2004), Fonseca et al. (2024); to Ornithischia by Shibata et al. (2015), Huang et al. (2026); and to Ornithopoda by Sánchez-Hernández et al. (2007), Butler et al. (2008), Shibata et al. (2011), Han et al. (2012), Escaso et al. (2014), Gasulla et al. (2015), Wang et al. (2017), Madzia et al. (2018), Xu et al. (2018), Ibiricu et al. (2019), Prieto-Márquez et al. (2019), Verdú et al. (2021), Sancarlo et al. (2025), Bertozzo et al. (2025), Yao et al. (2026), Magyar et al. (2026).
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| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1877 | Tichosteus Cope pp. 194-195 |
| 1877 | Tichosteus lucasanus Cope p. 194 |
| 1878 | Tichosteus lucasanus Cope p. 246 |
| 1878 | Tichosteus aequifacies Cope p. 392 |
| 1878 | Iguanodon exogirarum Fritsch p. 3 |
| 1879 | Vectisaurus valdensis Hulke |
| 1879 | Vectisaurus Hulke p. 294 |
| 1879 | Vectisaurus valdensis Hulke p. 421 |
| 1879 | Eucercosaurus Seeley |
| 1879 | Syngonosaurus Seeley |
| 1879 | Eucercosaurus Seeley p. 613 figs. 4-5 |
| 1879 | Eucercosaurus tanyspondylus Seeley p. 613 |
| 1879 | Syngonosaurus Seeley p. 621 figs. 6-8 |
| 1879 | Anoplosaurus major Seeley p. 631 |
| 1882 | Vectisaurus Dollo |
| 1882 | Vectisaurus Marsh |
| 1882 | Anoplosaurus major Sauvage p. 30 |
| 1882 | Eucercosaurus tanyspondylus Sauvage p. 31 |
| 1882 | Vectisaurus Sauvage p. 35 |
| 1882 | Sygnosaurus Sauvage p. 36 |
| 1882 | Sygmosaurus Sauvage p. 1265 |
| 1883 | Sphenospondylus Seeley p. 55 figs. 1-5 |
| 1884 | Vectisaurus Dollo p. 298 |
| 1884 | Vectisaurus Marsh p. 68 |
| 1885 | Vectisaurus Marsh p. 764 |
| 1888 | Sphenospondylus Lydekker p. 46 |
| 1888 | Sphenospondylus gracilis Lydekker p. 47 |
| 1888 | Vectisaurus Lydekker pp. 52-53 |
| 1888 | Sphenospondylus Lydekker p. 238 |
| 1888 | Sphenospondylus gracilis Lydekker p. 238 |
| 1889 | Vectisaurus valdensis Bristow et al. p. 12 |
| 1889 | Syngonosaurus Lydekker pp. 41-42 |
| 1889 | Sphenospondylus gracilis Newton p. 260 |
| 1889 | Vectisaurus valdensis Newton p. 260 |
| 1890 | Anoplosaurus major Woodward and Sherborn p. 210 |
| 1890 | Eucercosaurus tanyspondylus Woodward and Sherborn p. 229 |
| 1890 | Sphenospondylus gracilis Woodward and Sherborn p. 283 |
| 1890 | Vectisaurus valdensis Woodward and Sherborn p. 295 |
| 1890 | Tichosteus Zittel p. 732 |
| 1890 | Eucercosaurus Zittel p. 742 |
| 1890 | Syngonosaurus Zittel p. 742 |
| 1890 | Vectisaurus Zittel p. 743 |
| 1890 | Sphenospondylus Zittel p. 765 |
| 1891 | Iguanodontia Baur pp. 450-451 |
| 1893 | Iguanodon albinus Fritsch pp. 55, 65-66 |
| 1895 | Vectisaurus Marsh |
| 1896 | Sphenospondylus Marsh p. 226 |
| 1896 | Vectisaurus Marsh p. 244 |
| 1899 | Loncosaurus Ameghino p. 61 |
| 1899 | Loncosaurus argentinus Ameghino p. 61 |
| 1900 | Loncosaurus argentinus Ameghino p. 160 |
| 1900 | Loncosaurus Ameghino p. 216 |
| 1900 | Loncosaurus argentinus Ameghino p. 216 |
| 1900 | Sphenospondylus Nopcsa p. 557 |
| 1900 | Loncosaurus argentinus Roth p. 227 |
| 1900 | Vectisaurus valdensis Van Den Broeck p. 86 |
| 1900 | Sphenospondylus Van Den Broeck p. 87 |
| 1900 | Sphenospondylus gracilis Van Den Broeck p. 87 |
| 1901 | Loncosaurus Nopcsa p. 199 |
| 1901 | Loncosaurus argentinus Nopcsa p. 200 |
| 1901 | Tichosteus Nopcsa p. 207 |
| 1901 | Tichosteus lucasanus Nopcsa p. 207 |
| 1901 | Iguanodon exogirarum Nopcsa p. 211 |
| 1901 | Anoplosaurus major Nopcsa p. 213 |
| 1901 | Sphenospondylus Nopcsa p. 213 |
| 1901 | Sphenospondylus gracilis Nopcsa p. 213 |
| 1901 | Euceracosaurus Nopcsa p. 214 |
| 1901 | Euceracosaurus tanyspondylus Nopcsa p. 214 |
| 1901 | Syngonosaurus Nopcsa p. 216 |
| 1901 | Vectisaurus Nopcsa p. 216 |
| 1901 | Vectisaurus valdensis Nopcsa p. 216 |
| 1902 | Tichosteus Hay p. 493 |
| 1902 | Tichosteus aequifacies Hay p. 493 |
| 1902 | Tichosteus lucasanus Hay p. 493 |
| 1902 | Syngonosaurus Nopcsa p. 101 |
| 1902 | Acanthopholis major Nopcsa p. 102 |
| 1902 | Iguanodon exogirarum Nopcsa p. 151 |
| 1904 | Anoplosaurus major Lydekker p. 61 |
| 1904 | Eucercosaurus tanyspondylus Lydekker p. 61 |
| 1905 | Albisaurus Fritsch p. 5 |
| 1905 | Albisaurus scutifer Fritsch p. 5 |
| 1905 | Procerosaurus exogirarum Fritsch p. 5 |
| 1905 | Albisaurus Fritsch p. 29 |
| 1905 | Procerosaurus exogirarum Fritsch p. 29 figs. 30; Pl. 8:9 |
| 1905 | Albisaurus Fritsch p. 30 fig. 31 |
| 1905 | Albisaurus scutifer Fritsch p. 30 fig. 31 |
| 1906 | Loncosaurus Ameghino p. 61 |
| 1906 | Loncosaurus argentinus Ameghino p. 62 |
| 1909 | Tichosteus Huene p. 13 |
| 1909 | Loncosaurus Huene p. 15 |
| 1909 | Eucercosaurus Huene p. 17 |
| 1909 | Sphenospondylus Huene p. 17 |
| 1909 | Syngonosaurus Huene p. 17 |
| 1909 | Vectisaurus Huene p. 17 |
| 1911 | Loncosaurus von Zittel p. 281 |
| 1911 | Sphenospondylus von Zittel p. 292 |
| 1911 | Uestisaurus von Zittel p. 294 |
| 1911 | Eucerosaurus von Zittel p. 295 |
| 1911 | Syngonosaurus von Zittel p. 295 |
| 1912 | Iguanodontia Lull p. 210 |
| 1914 | Procerosaurus exogyrarum Bayer p. 2–3 |
| 1915 | Anoplosaurus major Hennig p. 13 |
| 1916 | Procerosaurus exogyrarum Bayer p. 41 |
| 1916 | Tichosteus aequifacies Mook p. 142 |
| 1916 | Tichosteus lucasanus Mook p. 142 |
| 1919 | Tichosteus Osborn and Mook p. 390 |
| 1919 | Tichosteus aequifacies Osborn and Mook p. 390 |
| 1919 | Tichosteus lucasanus Osborn and Mook p. 390 |
| 1923 | Anoplosaurus major Nopcsa p. 193 |
| 1927 | Loncosaurus Huene p. 256 |
| 1927 | Loncosaurus argentinus Huene p. 256 |
| 1927 | Albisaurus Huene p. 269 |
| 1927 | Albisaurus scutifer Huene p. 269 |
| 1927 | Anoplosaurus major Huene p. 271 |
| 1927 | Eucercosaurus Huene p. 271 |
| 1927 | Eucercosaurus tanyspondylus Huene p. 271 |
| 1927 | Syngonosaurus Huene p. 271 |
| 1928 | Syngonosaurus Nopcsa p. 184 |
| 1929 | Loncosaurus argentinus Huene p. 139 |
| 1929 | Loncosaurus Huene p. 146 |
| 1930 | Tichosteus Hay p. 186 |
| 1930 | Tichosteus aequifacies Hay p. 186 |
| 1930 | Tichosteus lucasanus Hay p. 187 |
| 1931 | Loncosaurus argentinus Huene p. 196 |
| 1932 | Fulgurotherium Huene pp. 69-70 figs. Pl. 3:11 |
| 1934 | Loncosaurus Huene p. 19 |
| 1934 | Syngonosaurus Stromer p. 66 |
| 1936 | Vectisaurus Swinton p. 216 |
| 1936 | Vectisaurus valdensis Swinton p. 216 |
| 1939 | Tichosteus Kuhn p. 37 |
| 1939 | Tichosteus aequifacies Kuhn p. 37 |
| 1939 | Tichosteus lucasanus Kuhn p. 37 |
| 1939 | Loncosaurus Kuhn p. 55 |
| 1939 | Loncosaurus argentinus Kuhn p. 55 |
| 1939 | Fulgurotherium Kuhn p. 56 |
| 1944 | Fulgurotherium Huene p. 449 |
| 1956 | Tichosteus Romer p. 618 |
| 1956 | Vectisaurus Romer p. 629 |
| 1964 | Anoplosaurus major Kuhn p. 8 |
| 1964 | Sphenospondylus Kuhn p. 10 |
| 1964 | Iguanodon exogirarum Kuhn p. 11 |
| 1964 | Sphenospondylus gracilis Kuhn p. 13 |
| 1964 | Vectisaurus Kuhn p. 13 |
| 1964 | Vectisaurus valdensis Kuhn p. 13 |
| 1964 | Eucercosaurus Kuhn p. 40 |
| 1964 | Eucercosaurus tanyspondylus Kuhn p. 40 |
| 1964 | Sygmosaurus Kuhn p. 41 |
| 1964 | Albisaurus Kuhn p. 45 |
| 1964 | Albisaurus scutifer Kuhn p. 46 |
| 1964 | Fulgurotherium Tatarinov p. 533 |
| 1964 | Tichosteus Tatarinov p. 540 |
| 1964 | Eucercosaurus Tatarinov p. 559 |
| 1964 | Syngonosaurus Tatarinov p. 559 |
| 1964 | Vectisaurus Tatarinov p. 559 |
| 1966 | Tichosteus Romer p. 370 |
| 1966 | Vectisaurus Romer p. 370 |
| 1970 | Tichosteus Steel p. 45 |
| 1970 | Tichosteus aequifacies Steel p. 45 |
| 1970 | Tichosteus lucasanus Steel p. 45 |
| 1971 | Vectisaurus Galton p. 42 |
| 1974 | Vectisaurus Thulborn p. 172 |
| 1975 | Vectisaurus Galton p. 748 |
| 1975 | Vectisaurus valdensis Galton p. 748 |
| 1976 | Vectisaurus Galton pp. 976, 982-3 |
| 1976 | Vectisaurus valdensis Galton pp. 982-983 |
| 1978 | Loncosaurus Bonaparte p. 322 |
| 1978 | Loncosaurus argentinus Bonaparte p. 552 |
| 1979 | Loncosaurus argentinus Bonaparte p. 233 |
| 1979 | Iguanodon ottingeri Galton and Jensen p. 3 figs. 2-3 |
| 1980 | Fulgurotherium Molnar p. 134 |
| 1980 | Vectisaurus Molnar p. 137 |
| 1980 | Loncosaurus Molnar p. 139 |
| 1981 | Eucercosaurus Bartholomai and Molnar p. 343 |
| 1981 | Eucercosaurus tanyspondylus Bartholomai and Molnar p. 343 |
| 1981 | Iguanodon gracilis Bartholomai and Molnar p. 343 |
| 1981 | Iguanodon ottingeri Bartholomai and Molnar p. 343 |
| 1981 | Vectisaurus Bartholomai and Molnar p. 343 |
| 1981 | Vectisaurus valdensis Bartholomai and Molnar p. 343 |
| 1983 | Iguanodon ottingeri Weishampel and Weishampel p. 44 |
| 1983 | Vectisaurus Weishampel and Weishampel p. 44 |
| 1983 | Vectisaurus valdensis Weishampel and Weishampel p. 44 |
| 1984 | Vectisaurus Milner and Norman p. 146 |
| 1984 | Fulgurotherium Molnar pp. 153-154 |
| 1984 | Loncosaurus Molnar p. 154 |
| 1984 | Loncosaurus argentinus Molnar p. 154 |
| 1984 | Iguanodontia Russell p. 29 |
| 1985 | Iguanodontia Cooper p. 286 |
| 1986 | Fulgurotherium Molnar and Galton pp. 237-238 |
| 1986 | Iguanodontia Sereno |
| 1988 | Albisaurus albinus Brinkmann pp. 125-126 |
| 1988 | Fulgurotherium Carroll |
| 1988 | Vectisaurus Carroll |
| 1989 | Bihariosaurus Marinescu pp. 129-131 figs. 5-14 |
| 1989 | Bihariosaurus bauxiticus Marinescu pp. 129-131 figs. 5-14 |
| 1989 | Iguanodontia Norman p. 61 fig. 1 |
| 1989 | Fulgurotherium Rich and Vickers-Rich p. 35 |
| 1990 | Iguanodontia Benton p. 19 |
| 1990 | Fulgurotherium Sues and Norman p. 500 |
| 1991 | Fulgurotherium Molnar p. 650 |
| 1992 | Fulgurotherium Molnar p. 265 |
| 1992 | Iguanodontia Weishampel and Heinrich p. 163 |
| 1997 | Iguanodon ottingeri Kirkland p. 98 |
| 1997 | Loncosaurus Novas p. 684 |
| 1997 | Loncosaurus argentinus Novas p. 684 |
| 1997 | Iguanodontia Sereno p. 443 |
| 1997 | Fulgurotherium Sues p. 357 |
| 1998 | Iguanodontia Godefroit et al. p. 7 |
| 1998 | Iguanodontia Sereno p. 61 |
| 1999 | Loncosaurus Coria p. 53 |
| 1999 | Iguanodon ottingeri Kirkland et al. p. 204 |
| 1999 | Iguanodontia Sereno p. 2138 fig. 2 |
| 2000 | Iguanodontia Norman and Sues p. 463 |
| 2000 | Ponerosteus exogyrarum Olshevsky p. 127 |
| 2002 | Iguanodontia Buchholz p. 21 |
| 2003 | Vectisaurus Grigorescu p. 99 |
| 2004 | Iguanodontia Norman p. 432 |
| 2004 | Fulgurotherium Norman et al. p. 394 |
| 2004 | Iguanodontia Novas et al. |
| 2005 | Iguanodon ottingeri Swanson et al. p. 32 |
| 2006 | Iguanodontia Sachs and Hornung p. 423 |
| 2007 | Iguanodontia Galton p. 38 |
| 2007 | Iguanodontia Sánchez-Hernández et al. p. 203 |
| 2008 | Iguanodontia Butler et al. p. 21 figs. 2-4 |
| 2009 | Iguanodontia Galton p. 215 |
| 2009 | Fulgurotherium Galton p. 225 |
| 2011 | Iguanodontia Shibata et al. p. 970 |
| 2012 | Iguanodontia Han et al. p. 1391 fig. 14 |
| 2014 | Fulgurotherium Alifanov and Saveliev p. 419 |
| 2014 | Iguanodontia Escaso et al. p. 1103 |
| 2014 | Iguanodontia Norman p. 37 fig. 2.30 |
| 2015 | Iguanodontia Gasulla et al. |
| 2015 | Iguanodontia Shibata et al. |
| 2017 | Iguanodontia Wang et al. |
| 2018 | Iguanodontia Madzia et al. p. 973 fig. 4 |
| 2018 | Iguanodontia Xu et al. |
| 2019 | Iguanodontia Herne et al. p. 575 |
| 2019 | Iguanodontia Ibiricu et al. |
| 2019 | Iguanodontia Prieto-Márquez et al. |
| 2020 | Iguanodontia Dieudonné et al. |
| 2021 | Iguanodontia Verdú et al. p. 10 |
| 2024 | Iguanodontia Fonseca et al. |
| 2025 | Iguanodontia Bertozzo et al. |
| 2025 | Iguanodontia Sancarlo et al. |
| 2026 | Iguanodontia Huang et al. |
| 2026 | Iguanodontia Magyar et al. |
| 2026 | Iguanodontia Yao et al. |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| D. B. Weishampel and R. E. Heinrich 1992 | 1) eversion of the oral margin of the premaxilla [1],
2) enlarged external nares relative to the orbit [2], 3) circular or ovate antorbital fossa [6; also found in Parksosaurus], 4) relatively small external antorbital opening [7; also found in Parksosaurus], 5) denticulate oral margin of the predentary [17], 6) paired ventral process of predentary [18], 7) parallel dorsal and ventral margins of the dentary [19], 8) loss of premaxillary teeth [20], 9) humeral length less than scapular length [28], 10) loss of phalanx from manual digit II [30], 1 1) deep cranial intercondylar groove on the distal femur [37]. |
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| Source: g = genus, subo = suborder, o = order | |||||
| References: Kiessling 2004, Marsh 1875, Peczkis 1995, Benton 1983 | |||||
Age range: base of the Early/Lower Jurassic to the top of the Maastrichtian or 201.40000 to 66.00000 Ma
Collections (2411 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Early/Lower Jurassic | China (Gansu) | Iguanodontidae indet. (131877) | |
| Aalenian - Bajocian | China (Sichuan) | Trachodontidae indet. (140257) | |
| Early/Lower Bajocian - Early/Lower Bathonian | Mexico (Oaxaca) | Ornithopoda indet. (36267) | |
| Middle Callovian | Germany (Nordrhein-Westfalen) | Dryosauridae indet. (67698) | |
| Middle Callovian | United Kingdom (England) | Camptosaurus leedsi (59128) Reptilia indet. (109800) | |
| Oxfordian | Chile (Tarapaca) | Camptosauridae indet. (170681) | |
| Late/Upper Jurassic | USA (Wyoming) | Dryomorpha indet. (62561) | |
| Late/Upper Jurassic | China (Shanxi) | Iguanodontidae indet. (55297) | |
| Late/Upper Jurassic | China (Yunnan) | Dinehichnus sp. (229403) | |
| Late/Upper Jurassic - Early/Lower Cretaceous | Japan (Yamaguchi) | Iguanodontidae indet. (166075) | |
Youngest occurrences |
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| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | PBDB collection number |
| Maastrichtian | China (Shaanxi) | Shantungosaurus giganteus (178689) | |
| Maastrichtian | USA (New Jersey) | Hadrosauridae indet. (78124 129265 167631 167741 167746) Hadrosauridae indet., Hadrosaurus minor (53054) Hadrosaurus cavatus (53122) Hadrosaurus sp. (57915) | |
| Maastrichtian | China (Gansu) | Hadrosauridae indet. (178686) | |
| Maastrichtian | USA (Montana) | Anatosaurus annectens (48836 55385) Anatosaurus sp. (49016 57914) Claosaurus sp. (57765 142376) Edmontosaurus sp. (50088) Hadrosauridae indet. (12977 85498 85499 167433 167436 167437) Thespesius sp. (83299) Trachodon sp. (74009 142493) | |
| Maastrichtian | Canada (Alberta) | Hadrosauridae indet. (52659 276665 276666) Hypacrosaurus altispinus (45677 45678) Saurolophus sp. (276661 276664) Trachodon marginatus (45676) | |
| Maastrichtian | USA (South Dakota) | Hadrosauridae indet. (74175) Hadrosaurinae indet. (45392) | |
| Maastrichtian | USA (Wyoming) | Camptosauridae indet. (165881) | |
| Maastrichtian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian | Argentina (Río Negro) | Hadrosauridae indet. (49557 96099 96100 96111 219386 219583) Hadrosauroidea indet. (37039) Iguanodontidae indet. (95694) Lambeosaurinae indet., Saurolophinae indet. (32370) Spheroolithidae indet. (52910) | |
| Maastrichtian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian | Argentina (La Pampa) | Hadrosaurinae indet. (48829) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian - Danian | Slovenia (Obalno-Kraska) | Iguanodontidae indet., Hadrosauridae indet. (67198) | |