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Protomonaxonida

Demospongiae - Protomonaxonida

Synonymy list
YearName and author
2004Protomonaxonida Finks et al. p. 9
2005Protomonaxonida Rigby and von Bitter p. 460

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
phylumPoriferaGrant 1836
classDemospongiae(Sollas 1875)
RankNameAuthor
subclassClavaxinellidaLevi 1956
orderProtomonaxonida
orderProtomonaxonida

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Or. Protomonaxonida Finks et al. 2004
show all | hide all
Fm. †Choiidae Laubenfels 1925
+
G. †Allantospongia Rigby and Hou 1995
+
†Allantospongia mica Rigby and Hou 1995
G. †Choia Walcott 1920
+
†Choia carteri Walcott 1920
†Choia hindei Dawson 1896
†Choia ridleyi Walcott 1920
†Choia striata Xiao et al. 2005
†Choia utahensis Walcott 1920
G. †Choiaella Rigby and Hou 1995
+
†Choiaella radiata Rigby and Hou 1995
†Choiaella scotica Beresi et al. 2010
G. †Lenica Goryanskiy 1977
+
†Lenica unica Goryanskiy 1977
Fm. †Halichondritidae Rigby 1986
+
G. †Arborispongia Rigby 1986
G. †Halichondrites Walcott 1920
+
†Halichondrites elissa Walcott 1920
G. †Pohlispongia Rigby and von Bitter 2005
Fm. †Hamptoniidae Laubenfels 1955
+
G. †Hamptonia Walcott 1920
+
†Hamptonia bowerbanki Walcott 1920
†Hamptonia chengjiangensis Wu et al. 2014
†Hamptonia christi Botting 2007
†Hamptonia elongata Rigby and Collins 2004
†Hamptonia parva Rigby et al. 2010
G. †Hamptoniella Rigby and Collins 2004
+
†Hamptoniella foliata Rigby and Collins 2004
†Hamptoniella hirsuta Rigby and Collins 2004
G. †Offela Rogers et al. 1964
Fm. †Heliospongiidae Finks 1960
+
G. †Coelocladia Girty 1908
+
†Coelocladia spinosa Girty 1908
G. †Coelocladiella Finks 1960
+
†Coelocladiella lissa Finks 1960
G. †Heliospongia Girty 1908
+
†Heliospongia excavata King 1933
†Heliospongia finksi Termier and Termier 1977
†Heliospongia ramosa Girty 1908
†Heliospongia vokesi King 1943
G. †Neoheliospongia Deng 1981
+
G. †Spitsbergenia Hurcewicz 1982
+
†Spitsbergenia patella Hurcewicz 1982
Fm. †Leptomitidae De Laubenfels 1955
+
G. †Leptomitella Rigby 1986
+
†Leptomitella confusa Chen et al. 1989
†Leptomitella conica Chen et al. 1989
†Leptomitella incepta Rigby and Collins 2004
†Leptomitella metta Rigby 1983
G. †Leptomitus Walcott 1886
+
†Leptomitus conicus García-Bellido et al. 2007
†Leptomitus lineatus Walcott 1920
†Leptomitus minor Resser and Howell 1938
†Leptomitus teretiusculus Chen et al. 1989
†Leptomitus undulatus Rigby and Collins 2004
†Leptomitus zitteli Walcott 1886
Invalid names: Tuponia Walcott 1920 [synonym]
G. †Paraleptomitella Chen et al. 1989
+
†Paraleptomitella dictyodroma Chen et al. 1989
†Paraleptomitella globula Chen et al. 1989
G. †Pseudoleptomitus Botting 2019
+
†Pseudoleptomitus advenus Botting 2019
G. †Wareiella Rigby and Harris 1979
+
†Wareiella typicala Rigby and Harris 1979
G. †Lobatospongia Rigby et al. 2007
+
†Lobatospongia nodensis Rigby et al. 2007
Fm. †Mahalospongiidae Rigby and Stuart 1988
+
G. †Mahalospongia Rigby and Stuart 1988
Fm. †Piraniidae Laubenfels 1955
+
G. †Moleculospina Rigby 1986
+
†Moleculospina mammillata Walcott 1920
G. †Pirania Walcott 1920
+
†Pirania auraeum Botting 2007
†Pirania llanfawrensis Botting 2004
†Pirania muricata Walcott 1920
Fm. †Sinospongiidae Finks and Rigby 2004
+
G. †Sinospongia Chen 1992
+
†Sinospongia typica Li 1996
Invalid names: Niuganmafeia Chen 1991 [synonym]
Fm. †Sollasellidae von Lendenfeld 1887
+
G. †Luterospongia Rigby et al. 2008
+
†Luterospongia texana Rigby et al. 2008
G. †Mckittrickella Rigby et al. 2007
+
†Mckittrickella pratti Rigby et al. 2007
G. †Monaxoradiata Rigby and Bell 2006
+
†Monaxoradiata lamina Rigby and Bell 2006
G. †Opetionella Zittel 1878
+
†Opetionella poculum Schrammen 1910
†Opetionella radians Zittel 1878
G. †Rhizopsis Schrammen 1910
+
†Rhizopsis horrida Schrammen 1910
G. Sollasella von Lendenfeld 1888
G. †Stramentella Gerasimov 1960
+
†Stramentella helminthophora Gerasimov 1960
†Stramentella ostaschovensis Gerasimov 1960
G. †Trichospongiella Rigby 1971
+
†Trichospongiella hystrix Whiteaves 1897
Fm. †Takakkawiidae De Laubenfels 1955
+
G. †Takakkawia Walcott 1920
+
†Takakkawia lineata Walcott 1920
Fm. †Tethyidae Gray 1867
+
G. †Tethya Lamarck 1814
Fm. †Wapkiidae De Laubenfels 1955
+
G. †Wapkia Walcott 1920
+
†Wapkia elongata Rigby and Collins 2004
†Wapkia grandis Walcott 1920
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: silicac
Locomotion: stationaryc
Attached: yesc
Life habit: intermediate-level epifaunalc
Diet: suspension feederc
Vision: blindc
Created: 2004-02-28 11:36:02
Modified: 2009-10-09 09:25:40
Source: c = class
References: Whittington et al. 1997, Kiessling 2004

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Ediacaran to the top of the Pleistocene or 635.00000 to 0.01170 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 538.8 Ma

Collections (222 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Ediacaran635.0 - 538.8China (Hubei) Sinospongia chenjunyuani, Sinospongia typica (106450)
Early/Lower Cambrian538.8 - 506.5China (Yunnan) Choiaella radiatia, Choia ridley, Choia carteri, Choia hindei, Leptomitus teretiusculus, Allantospongia mica, Choia utahensis, Wapkia grandis, Halichondrites elissa, Leptomitella conica, Leptomitella confusa, Paraleptomitella dictyodroma, Paraleptomitella globula, Hamptonia chengjiangensis (156226)
Meishucunian530.7 - 521.0China (Anhui) Choia striata, Choia utahensis (96370)
Atdabanian521.0 - 516.0China (Guizhou) Choiaella radiata (86849)
Atdabanian521.0 - 516.0China (Anhui) Leptomitella sp. (96659 96660)
Atdabanian521.0 - 516.0Greenland (Peary Land) Choia hindei (90574)
Atdabanian521.0 - 516.0China (Yunnan) Allantospongia mica, Leptomitella conica, Paraleptomitella dictyodroma (90150) Choia hindei, Choiaella radiata, Paraleptomitella dictyodroma (90164) Choia hindei, Paraleptomitella dictyodroma (90166) Choia xiaolantianensis, Choiaella radiata, Paraleptomitella dictyodroma, Paraleptomitella globula (86851) Choiaella radiata (90165) Choiaella radiata, Allantospongia mica (96405) Halichondrites sp., Choia sp., Hamptonia bowerbanki, Leptomitus teretiusculus, Choiaella radiata, Allantospongia mica, Paraleptomitella dictyodroma (68083) Leptomitella conica, Leptomitella confusa, Paraleptomitella dictyodroma, Paraleptomitella globula (90494) Leptomitella sp., Leptomitus sp., Paraleptomitella sp., Choia sp. (86929) Leptomitella teretiusculus, Halichondrites sp., Leptomitella confusa, Paraleptomitella dictyodroma (86846) Leptomitus sp., Paraleptomitella sp., Choia sp., Halicondrites sp. (86930) Leptomitus teretiusculus (96410) Leptomitus teretiusculus, Choiaella radiata, Leptomitella conica, Leptomitella confusa, Paraleptomitella dictyodroma, Paraleptomitella globula (96402) Leptomitus teretiusculus, Choiaella radiata, Leptomitella conica, Paraleptomitella dictyodroma (90138) Leptomitus teretiusculus, Leptomitella confusa, Paraleptomitella dictyodroma (96412) Paraleptomitella dictyodroma (96413)
Nangaoian521.0 - 514.5China (Guizhou) Choia zunyiensis, Leptomitus teretiusculus (128419) Leptomitus sp. (128420) Leptomitus teretiusculus (128421)
Nangaoian521.0 - 514.5China (Hubai) Leptomitella sp., Leptomitus sp., Paraleptomitella sp., Halichondrites sp., Choia sp. (219687)
Nangaoian521.0 - 514.5China (Yunnan) Choia hindei, Leptomitus teretiusculus, Choiaella radiata, Paraleptomitella dictyodroma (132327) Choiaella radiata (194155) Halichondrites sp., Leptomitus teretiusculus, Choiaella radiata, Leptomitella conica, Paraleptomitella dictyodroma, Paraleptomitella globula (132329 132330) Leptomitus teretiusculus, Choiaella radiata, Halichondrites elissa, Leptomitella conica, Paraleptomitella dictyodroma (194150) Leptomitus teretiusculus, Choiaella radiata, Halichondrites elissa, Paraleptomitella dictyodroma, Paraleptomitella globula (194163) Leptomitus teretiusculus, Choiaella radiata, Leptomitella conica, Paraleptomitella dictyodroma (194143 194160) Leptomitus teretiusculus, Leptomitella conica, Paraleptomitella dictyodroma (194161) Leptomitus teretiusculus, Paraleptomitella dictyodroma (194141) Paraleptomitella dictyodroma (194140 194153 194162)
Atdabanian - Botomian521.0 - 512.1Greenland Choia hindei (121183 121184 121185)
Botomian516.0 - 512.1China (Yunnan) Choia sp. (90368)
Botomian516.0 - 512.1Russian Federation (Yakutia) Lenica sp., Wapkia sp. (90438)
Botomian516.0 - 512.1Australia (South Australia) Leptomitidae indet., Hamptoniidae indet., Choiidae indet. (187498)
Botomian516.0 - 512.1Russian Federation (Sakha) Lenica unica (121186)
Dyeran515.3 - 509.7USA (Pennsylvania) Leptomitus minor (192 226194)
Dyeran515.3 - 509.7USA (Vermont) Leptomitus sp. (191) Leptomitus zitteli (121235)
Duyunian514.5 - 506.5China (Guizhou) Leptomitus teretiusculus (237148)
Stage 4514.5 - 506.5USA (Vermont) Leptomitus zitteli (237967)
Delamaran509.7 - 505.3Canada (British Columbia) Choia carteri, Choia ridleyi, Hamptonia bowerbanki, Choia hindei, Leptomitus lineatus, Takakkawia lineata (121963) Choia carteri, Choia ridleyi, Hamptonia bowerbanki, Leptomitus lineatus, Leptomitus undulatus, Wapkia grandis, Wapkia elongata, Halichondrites elissa, Pirania muricata, Takakkawia lineata, Moleculospina mammillata (121962) Choia carteri, Hamptonia bowerbanki, Leptomitus lineatus (121954) Choia carteri, Leptomitus lineatus (121953) Choia carteri, Wapkia grandis (121955) Choia sp., Halicondrites elissa, Leptomitus lineatus, Wapkia grandis, Pirania muricata, Takakkawia lineata (84428) Choia sp., Hamptonia bowerbanki, Leptomitus lineatus, Wapkia grandis, Pirania muricata (84427) Choia sp., Leptomitus lineatus, Wapkia grandis, Pirania muricata, Takakkawia lineata (84426) Halichondrites sp., Choia carteri, Hamptonia bowerbanki, Hamptoniella foliata, Hamptoniella hirsuta, Pirania muricata (121957) Halichondrites sp., Choia carteri, Hamptonia bowerbanki, Leptomitus lineatus, Leptomitella incepta, Wapkia grandis, Wapkia elongata, Pirania muricata, Takakkawia lineata (121959) Halichondrites sp., Choia carteri, Pirania muricata (121960) Halicondrites elissa, Hamptonia bowerbanki, Takakkawia lineata (84430) Halicondrites elissa, Takakkawia lineata (84420 84429) Hamptonia bowerbanki (84421) Hamptonia bowerbanki, Leptomitella incepta, Pirania muricata (121956) Hamptonia bowerbanki, Leptomitus lineatus (121966) Hamptonia bowerbanki, Leptomitus lineatus, Pirania muricata, Takakkawia lineata (84424) Hamptonia bowerbanki, Takakkawia lineata (84415 84431) Hamptonia elongata, Pirania muricata, Takakkawia lineata (121961) Leptomitus lineatus, Pirania muricata, Takakkawia lineata (84425) Pirania muricata (121958) Takakkawia lineata (84412 84418 84419 84422 84432 84433 84434 84435 84437) Wapkia grandis, Pirania muricata (121965) Wapkia grandis, Takakkawia lineata (84423)
Delamaran509.7 - 505.3USA (Utah) Choia sp. (77217)
Middle Cambrian506.5 - 497.0Canada (Brithish Columbia) Leptomitus sp. (188662) Leptomitus sp., Wapkia sp. (188661) Pirania sp. (188664)
Middle Cambrian506.5 - 497.0Canada (British Columbia) Leptomitus sp. (171308)
Middle Cambrian506.5 - 497.0USA (Utah) Choia carteri, Choia ridleyi, Hamptonia bowerbanki, Hamptonia parva (106179)
St Davids506.5 - 497.0Canada (British Columbia) Pirania sp., Hamptonia bowerbanki, Wapkia grandis (122017) Takakkawia sp., Choia carteri, Leptomitus lineatus, Pirania muricata (122094)
St Davids506.5 - 497.0Spain (Zaragoza) Leptomitus conicus (90546)
St Davids506.5 - 497.0Spain Leptomitus lineatus (55501)
St Davids506.5 - 497.0USA (Utah) Choia carteri, Choia utahensis (121233) Choia sp. (216)
Menevian504.5 - 499.5USA (Utah) Choia carteri, Hamptonia bowerbanki, Choia utahensis (56187) Hamptonia bowerbanki, Choia hindei, Leptomitus metta (56186)
Drumian - Marjumian504.5 - 497.0Mexico Choia sp. (236876)
Marjumian504.5 - 497.0USA (Utah) Choia carteri, Hamptonia bowerbanki, Choia utahensis, Leptomitus metta (77206) Choia utahensis (56144) Halichondrites sp., Pirania sp. (230681) Hamptonia bowerbanki, Choia hindei, Leptomitus metta (77207) Hamptonia bowerbankia, Choia carteri, Choia hindei, Choia utahensis, Leptomitella metta (230679) Hamptonia sp., Leptomitus sp., Choia sp. (260) Lenica hindei, Choia carteri, Choia utahensis (230682)
Marjumian504.5 - 497.0Canada (British Columbia) Hamptonia bowerbanki, Leptomitus lineatus (122072)
Tremadocian486.85 - 477.1Morocco Hamptonia sp., Choiaella sp., Choia sp., Pirania auraeum, Hamptonia christi (96112)
Floian - Dapingian477.1 - 469.4Morocco Choia sp., Pirania auraeum, Hamptonia christi (120549)
Llandeilo461.1 - 458.2United Kingdom (Wales) Wapkia indet., Pirania sp. (216511)
Sandbian458.2 - 452.8United Kingdom (Wales) Pirania llanfawrensis (120626)
Caradoc458.2 - 449.5United Kingdom (Scotland) Choiaella scotica (184250)
Maysvillian450.2 - 449.6Canada (Manitoba) Trichospongiella hystrix (120497)
Llandovery443.1 - 432.9Canada (British Columbia) Wareiella typicala (120573)
Wenlock432.9 - 426.7Canada (British Columbia) Wareiella typicala (120526)
Lochkovian419.62 - 413.02USA (Tennessee) Coniculospongia radiata (3595) Coniculospongia radiata, Ginkgospongia foliata (3600) Ginkgospongia foliata (3597)
Pragian413.02 - 410.62Australia (New South Wales) Coelocladiella sp. (25698)
Early/Lower Emsian410.62 - 399.5Germany (Gemuenden) Choia sp. (26903)
Frasnian382.31 - 372.15Czechia (Moravia) Sphaeriella sp. (3752 3753 3754 3766)
Early/Lower Famennian372.15 - 368.5Czechia (Moravia) Sphaeriella sp. (3385 3386)
Middle Famennian368.5 - 365.2Czechia (Moravia) Sphaeriella sp. (3394)
Chadian - Arundian346.7 - 339.9USA (Alabama) Sphaeriella radiata (5872)
Bashkirian323.4 - 315.2Spain (Leon) Heliospongia excavata (39855)
Westphalian A318.7 - 316.9United Kingdom (Flintshire) Rhizopsis sp. (233399 233402)
Atokan - Desmoinesian318.6 - 306.0USA (Colorado) Heliospongiidae indet. (121000)
Moscovian315.2 - 307.0Spain (Palencia) Coelocladia spinosa (39856)
Moscovian315.2 - 307.0USA (Illinois) Pohlispongia monosphaera (62061)
Kasimovian307.0 - 303.7Spain (Asturias) Coelocladia spinosa (39857)
Missourian306.0 - 303.7USA (Texas) Coelocladia spinosa (159900) Heliospongia excavata (111698 111700) Heliospongia excavata, Coelocladia spinosa (111697) Heliospongia excavata, Luterospongia texana (111699)
Gzhelian303.7 - 298.9USA (New Mexico) Heliospongia sp. (34658)
Gzhelian303.7 - 298.9USA (Texas) Coelocladiella lissa (43453)
Asselian298.9 - 293.52USA (Texas) Coelocladiella philoconcha (43479 43482) Heliospongia ramosa (43475) Heliospongia vokesi (43468)
Sakmarian293.52 - 290.1USA (Texas) Heliospongia ramosa (43555) Heliospongia vokesi (43571 43573)
Artinskian290.1 - 283.3USA (Texas) Heliospongia ramosa (43568) Heliospongia vokesi (81688 105720 108366) Heliospongia vokesi, Heliospongia ramosa (43540)
Kungurian283.3 - 274.4USA (Texas) Heliospongia sp. (43497) Heliospongia vokesi (43496 43534 81610 108363 108371 108373 108386 108388)
Roadian - Wordian274.4 - 264.28USA (Utah) Lobatospongia nodensis (121153)
Guadalupian274.4 - 259.51China (Sichuan) Coelocladia spinosa (150589)
Guadalupian274.4 - 259.51China (Jiangsu) Heliospongia sp. (150590)
Guadalupian274.4 - 259.51China (Guizhou) Heliospongia houchangensis (150591)
Wordian266.9 - 264.28Tunisia (Madanin) Heliospongia finksi (41658)
Wordian266.9 - 264.28Italy Heliospongia ramosa (75474)
Wordian266.9 - 264.28Mexico (Coahuila) Heliospongia sp. (232560)
Wordian - Capitanian266.9 - 259.51Tunisia (Madanin) Heliospongia finksi (42092 42093)
Capitanian264.28 - 259.51USA (New Mexico) Heliospongia ramosa (47510 47536 47717 121940) Heliospongia vokesi (24203 47760 47765 47768 107698 121936) Neoheliospongia typica (47478 47481 47485 47518 47654 47659 47663 95715)
Capitanian264.28 - 259.51Tunisia (Madanin) Heliospongia finksi (41661 41878 42020 42039 42079)
Capitanian264.28 - 259.51USA (Texas) Mckittrickella pratti (75975 75976) Monaxoradiata lamina (75969)
Wuchiapingian259.51 - 254.14China (Guangxi) Coelocladiella giganta (107297) Coelocladiella intermedia (107292) Coelocladiella pachytheca (107300)
Wuchiapingian259.51 - 254.14Svalbard and Jan Mayen Spitsbergenia patella (117799)
Changhsingian254.14 - 251.902Greece Coelocladia sp. (74927)
Changhsingian254.14 - 251.902China (Sichuan) Coelocladia sp. (36221)
Changhsingian254.14 - 251.902China (Guangxi) Neoheliospongia typica (107296)
Spathian248.1 - 246.7USA (Nevada) Pseudoleptomitus advenus (211747)
Spathian248.1 - 246.7USA (Idaho) Leptomitidae indet. (202145)
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian152.21 - 149.2Germany (Baden-Württemberg) Halichondrites sp. (154138)
Tithonian149.2 - 143.1Russian Federation (Yaroslavl) Stramentella helminthophora (116450)
Berriasian143.1 - 137.05Russian Federation (Moskovskaya Oblast) Stramentella ostaschovensis (116451)
Valanginian137.05 - 132.6Russian Federation Stramentella ostaschovensis (2515)
Turonian93.9 - 89.8Germany (Niedersachsen) Opetionella radians (110963) Rhizopsis horrida, Opetionella poculum (110531)
Campanian83.6 - 72.2Germany (Niedersachsen) Rhizopsis horrida (110530)
Bartonian41.03 - 37.71Spain Opetionella sp. (61247)
Serravallian13.82 - 11.63Portugal Tethyidae indet. (117021)
Pleistocene2.58 - 0.0117Canada (Ontario) Tethya logani (65331 65465 65894)