Basic info Taxonomic history Classification Included Taxa
Morphology Ecology and taphonomy External Literature Search Age range and collections

Stylosphaeridae

Protozoa - Spumellaria - Stylosphaeridae

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1881Stylosphaeridae Haeckel
2001Stylosphaeridae De Wever et al. p. 117

Is something missing? Join the Paleobiology Database and enter the data

RankNameAuthor
—Life
—Eukaryota()
classProtozoaGoldfuss 1820
subphylumSarcodinaSchmarda 1871
classReticulareaLankester 1885
RankNameAuthor
subclassRadiolaria(Müller 1858)
orderSpumellariaEhrenberg 1875
familyStylosphaeridaeHaeckel 1881
familyStylosphaeridaeHaeckel 1881

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Fm. Stylosphaeridae Haeckel 1881
show all | hide all
G. Druppatractus Haeckel 1887
+
Invalid names: Druppatractus dictyococcus Rüst 1892 [nomen dubium]
G. †Dumitricasphaera Kozur and Mostler 1979
+
†Dumitricasphaera elegans Bragin 2007
†Dumitricasphaera goestlingensis Kozur and Mostler 1979
†Dumitricasphaera latispinosa Kozur and Mostler 1979
†Dumitricasphaera pennata Gorican and Buser 1990
†Dumitricasphaera trispinosa Kozur and Mostler 1979
G. Lithomespilus Haeckel 1887
+
Invalid names: Lithomespilus bipolaris Rüst 1892 [nomen dubium], Lithomespilus hexacanthus Rüst 1892 [nomen dubium], Lithomespilus steinvorthi Rüst 1892 [nomen dubium]
G. †Praestylosphaera Empson-Morin 1981
G. Protoxiphotractus Pessagno 1973
G. Spongosphaera Ehrenberg 1847
+
Invalid names: Spongatractus Haeckel 1887 [objective synonym], Spongosphaera induta Rüst 1892 [nomen dubium], Spongosphaera tritestacea Rothpletz 1880 [nomen dubium]
G. †Spongostylus Haeckel 1881
+
†Spongostylus carnicus Kozur and Mostler 1979
†Spongostylus tortilis Kozur and Mostler 1979
†Spongostylus tricostatus Kozur et al. 1996
G. †Staurolonche Haeckel 1881
+
†Staurolonche extensa Ruest 1885
†Staurolonche granulosum Dumitrica et al. 1980
†Staurolonche insignis Rüst 1892
†Staurolonche laterna Hinde 1899
†Staurolonche robusta Rüst 1885
†Staurolonche tenella Hinde 1899
†Staurolonche trispinosa Kozur and Mostler 1979
Invalid names: Staurolonche micropora Rüst 1892 [nomen dubium], Staurolonche scitula Hinde 1899 [nomen dubium], Staurolonche spinigera Rüst 1892 [nomen dubium]
G. Stylatractus Haeckel 1887
G. Stylosphaera Ehrenberg 1847
+
†Stylosphaera acuta Rüst 1892
†Stylosphaera hastata Campbell and Clark 1944
Stylosphaera hispida Ehrenberg 1854
†Stylosphaera obtusa Hinde 1899
†Stylosphaera quasiobtusa Aberdeen 1940
†Stylosphaera vetusta Hinde 1899
Invalid names: Sphaerostylus [synonym]
G. Xiphatractus Haeckel 1887
+
Xiphatractus spumeus Dumitrica 1973
G. †Zhamojdasphaera Kozur and Mostler 1979
+
†Zhamojdasphaera latispinosa Kozur and Mostler 1979
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: silicap
Environment: marinep
Locomotion: passively mobilep
Life habit: planktonicp
Diet: omnivorep
Created: 2005-01-28 01:13:47
Modified: 2005-01-28 03:13:47
Source: p = phylum
Reference: Kiessling 1999

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Wuchiapingian to the top of the Late/Upper Pleistocene or 259.51000 to 0.01170 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 254.14 Ma

Collections (280 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Wuchiapingian259.51 - 254.14China (Guangxi) Staurolonche sp. (95670 95672)
Changhsingian254.14 - 251.902China (Guangxi) Staurolonche sp. (95614)
Changhsingian254.14 - 251.902China (Sichuan) Staurolonche sp. (220729)
Spathian248.1 - 246.7Russian Federation (Primorsky Krai) Stylosphaera fragilis (220621 220622)
Anisian246.7 - 241.464China (Yunnan) Spongostylus tricostatus, Staurolonche granulosum (95438) Spongostylus tricostatus, Staurolonche granulosum, Staurolonche trispinosa (95442)
Anisian246.7 - 241.464Russian Federation (Primorsky Krai) Stylosphaera fragilis, Stylosphaera compacta (220623) Stylosphaera japonica, Stylosphaera acrior, Stylosphaera canaliculate (220626)
Anisian - Ladinian246.7 - 237.0Russian Federation (Primorsky Krai) Stylosphaera imperspicua, Stylosphaera inaequata (220627)
Middle Triassic246.7 - 237.0China Stylosphaera sp. (131101)
Pelsonian244.24 - 243.33Russian Federation (Primorsky Krai) Stylosphaera compacta, Staurolonche trispinosa (220624) Stylosphaera japonica, Stylosphaera acrior, Stylosphaera compacta, Stylosphaera canaliculate (220625)
Pelsonian244.24 - 243.33China (Yunnan) Spongostylus tricostatus, Staurolonche granulosum (220595) Staurolonche trispinosum, Spongostylus tricostatus, Staurolonche granulosum (220596)
Illyrian243.33 - 241.464Hungary Zhamojdasphaera sp., Dumitricasphaera sp., Spongostylus tortilis (153381)
Illyrian243.33 - 241.464Thailand Spongostylus tetrapterus, Spongostylus tricostatus (130485) Spongostylus tricostatus (130486)
Illyrian - Fassanian243.33 - 239.48Italy (Veneto) Stauracontium granulosum (96203 96204)
Illyrian - Fassanian243.33 - 239.48Slovenia Stauracontium granulosum (54018 54019 54020 54021 54022)
Illyrian - Tuvalian243.33 - 227.3Hungary Dumitricasphaera sp. (153382)
Fassanian241.464 - 239.48Indonesia Spongostylus sp. A, Spongostylus sp. B, Spongostylus tricostatus (66917) Staurolonche granulosa (66920) Staurolonche granulosa, Staurolonche trispinosum (66918) Staurolonche granulosa, Staurolonche trispinosum, Spongostylus koppi, Spongostylus sp. A, Spongostylus sp. B, Spongostylus tricostatus (66921) Staurolonche trispinosum (66919)
Fassanian241.464 - 239.48Albania Dumitricasphaera sp., Dumitricasphaera trispinosa, Stauracontium granulosum (53993)
Fassanian - Longobardian241.464 - 237.0Slovenia Zhamojdasphaera sp., Dumitricasphaera sp., Dumitricasphaera pennata, Dumitricasphaera trispinosa (54025) Zhamojdasphaera sp., Dumitricasphaera sp., Dumitricasphaera pennata, Dumitricasphaera trispinosa, Stauracontium granulosum (54024)
Ladinian241.464 - 237.0Thailand Dumitricasphaera goestlingensis (73875)
Longobardian239.48 - 237.0Croatia Zhamojdasphaera sp. (96139)
Longobardian239.48 - 237.0Slovenia Dumitricasphaera sp., Dumitricasphaera trispinosa (54027) Zhamojdasphaera latispinosa (54028 54029) Zhamojdasphaera sp., Dumitricasphaera sp., Dumitricasphaera pennata, Dumitricasphaera trispinosa (54026)
Longobardian239.48 - 237.0Türkiye Dumitricasphaera sp. A (130609 130613 130622) Dumitricasphaera sp. A, Spongostylus tortilis (130608 130610 130611 130612 130614 130615 130616 130617 130618 130620 130621) Spongostylus carnicus (131009)
Julian237.0 - 233.6Austria Dumitricasphaera goestlingensis, Spongostylus trispinosus, Spongostylus carnicus, Spongostylus tortilis, Staurosphaera trispinosa, Dumitricasphaera latispinosa, Zhamojdasphaera latispinosa (95665)
Julian237.0 - 233.6Türkiye Dumitricasphaera sp. A (130625 130638) Dumitricasphaera sp. A, Spongostylus tortilis (130629 130636) Spongostylus carnicus, Spongostylus tortilis, Zhamojdasphaera latispinosa, Dumitricasphaera simplex (95666) Spongostylus tortilis (130624 130632 130633 130635 130640 130641 130642 130644 130645 130646 130647 130648)
Carnian237.0 - 227.3Thailand Dumitricasphaera planustyla, Dumitricasphaera goestlingensis, Spongostylus tortilis (130293 130294) Dumitricasphaera planustyla, Spongostylus tortilis (130295)
Carnian237.0 - 227.3China (Xizang) Spongostylus sp. A, Spongostylus tortilis (96057)
Carnian237.0 - 227.3Türkiye Spongostylus carnicus, Spongostylus tortilis, Zhamojdasphaera latispinosa, Dumitricasphaera simplex (130662)
Carnian237.0 - 227.3Albania Spongostylus sp. (53983 53988 53992)
Carnian237.0 - 227.3Oman Spongostylus tortilis (130126)
Carnian237.0 - 227.3Croatia Spongostylus carnicus (96132)
Carnian - Norian237.0 - 205.7Oman Spongostylus carnicus (125370) Spongostylus tortilis (125387)
Carnian - Norian237.0 - 205.7Albania Spongostylus sp. (53990)
Tuvalian233.6 - 227.3Croatia Spongostylus carnicus (96133 96136)
Tuvalian233.6 - 227.3Armenia Spongostylus sp., Spongostylus carnicus (58579)
Tuvalian - Lacian233.6 - 215.38Türkiye Spongostylus carnicus, Spongostylus tortilis (130681 130689) Spongostylus tortilis (130682)
Tuvalian - Norian233.6 - 205.7Malaysia Spongostylus sp. (130423)
Lacian227.3 - 215.38Cyprus Spongostylus carnicus, Spongostylus tortilis, Dumitricasphaera elegans, Zhamojdasphaera proceruspinosa (94789 94790) Spongostylus carnicus, Spongostylus tortilis, Zhamojdasphaera proceruspinosa (73854)
Lacian227.3 - 215.38Türkiye Spongostylus carnicus, Spongostylus tortilis (130684 130687 130691 130697 130698 130708 130709) Spongostylus tortilis (130696)
Lacian - Alaunian227.3 - 211.18New Zealand Spongostylus carnicus (53969)
Norian227.3 - 205.7USA (Oregon) Spongostylus sp. A, Spongostylus sp. B, Spongostylus carnicus (96069)
Alaunian215.38 - 211.18Cyprus Spongostylus carnicus (94793)
Late/Upper Pliensbachian192.9 - 184.2Canada (British Columbia) Staurolonche sp. B, Staurolonche robusta (71080)
Pliensbachian192.9 - 184.2Türkiye (Antalya) Staurolonche extensa (81267)
Pliensbachian192.9 - 184.2USA (California) Staurolonche sp. (87216)
Early/Lower Toarcian184.2 - 182.9Slovenia Staurolonche spp. (67146 67150 67151 67152)
Early/Lower Toarcian184.2 - 182.9Japan Staurolonche sp. A0, Staurolonche sp. A2 (51710)
Middle Toarcian182.9 - 180.4Japan Staurolonche sp. (76521)
Middle Toarcian182.9 - 180.4Canada (British Columbia) Staurolonche ellsi, Staurolonche robusta (71084) Staurolonche ellsi, Staurolonche sp. A (71090)
Middle Toarcian - Late/Upper Toarcian182.9 - 174.7Canada (British Columbia) Staurolonche ellsi, Staurolonche sp. A (71095 71096 71098) Staurolonche ellsi, Staurolonche sp. A, Staurolonche sp. B (71099) Staurolonche sp. A, Staurolonche sp. B (71094)
Aalenian174.7 - 170.9Canada (British Columbia) Staurolonche ellsi, Staurolonche sp. A (71127)
Early/Lower Aalenian - Middle Aalenian174.7 - 170.9Japan Staurolonche sp. A2, Staurolonche sp. A3, Stylosphaera sp. B, Stylosphaera sp. A (51711)
Late/Upper Aalenian174.7 - 170.9Japan (Kochi) Staurolonche sp. A3, Staurolonche sp. C (66916)
Late/Upper Aalenian174.7 - 170.9Japan Staurolonche sp. A, Staurolonche sp. A2, Staurolonche sp. A3 (54166) Staurolonche sp. A, Staurolonche sp. D, Staurolonche sp. B, Staurolonche sp. C (51712)
Early/Lower Bajocian170.9 - 168.6Japan Staurolonche sp. A2, Staurolonche sp. B, Staurolonche sp. C, Staurolonche sp. E, Staurolonche sp. F, Staurolonche sp. A4, Staurolonche sp. A3, Stylosphaera sp. C (51713)
Early/Lower Bajocian170.9 - 168.6Canada (British Columbia) Staurolonche extensa (71116) Staurolonche sp. B (71125)
Late/Upper Bajocian168.6 - 168.2Japan Staurolonche sp. A3, Staurolonche sp. A5, Stylosphaera sp. A, Stylosphaera sp. E (51714)
Callovian165.3 - 161.5Italy Staurolonche sp. C, Staurolonche robusta (47163 47164)
Late/Upper Callovian - Early/Lower Oxfordian165.3 - 154.8Germany (Bavaria) Sphaerostylus lanceola (66991 66992)
Kimmeridgian154.8 - 149.2Oman Staurolonche spathulata (125378)
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian152.21 - 149.2Antarctica Staurolonche sp. A, Spongostylus sp. B (46961)
Early/Lower Tithonian149.2 - 145.06Antarctica Spongostylus sp. B (46962 51827) Staurolonche sp. A (46972) Staurolonche sp. B (46963 51826)
Early/Lower Tithonian149.2 - 145.06Germany (Bayern) Staurolonche robusta (51151 81855)
Late/Upper Tithonian145.06 - 143.1Antarctica Spongostylus sp. B (46969)
Late/Upper Tithonian145.06 - 143.1Malaysia Sphaerostylus lanceola (69299)
Early/Lower Berriasian143.1 - 141.0Philippines Stylosphaera sp. 1 (51153)
Early/Lower Valanginian137.05 - 132.6Italy Stylosphaera macroxiphus (51779 51780 51781 51782 51783)
Late/Upper Valanginian137.05 - 132.6Italy Stylosphaera macroxiphus (51703 51704 51705 51706 51707)
Late/Upper Valanginian - Early/Lower Hauterivian137.05 - 125.77Italy Stylosphaera macroxiphus (51702)
Valanginian - Barremian137.05 - 121.4Malaysia Sphaerostylus lanceola (69300 69301)
Early/Lower Hauterivian132.6 - 125.77Italy Stylosphaera macroxiphus (49138 49139 51698 51699 51700 51701)
Late/Upper Hauterivian132.6 - 125.77Italy Stylosphaera macroxiphus (49131 49140 49141 49142 49143 49144 51792 51793)
Late/Upper Hauterivian - Barremian132.6 - 121.4Italy Stylosphaera macroxiphus (51696 51697)
Late/Upper Hauterivian - Early/Lower Barremian132.6 - 121.4Italy Stylosphaera macroxiphus (49130)
Early/Lower Barremian125.77 - 121.4Italy Stylosphaera macroxiphus (49126 49127 49128 49129 51794 51800 51801 51802 51803 51804 51805)
Late/Upper Barremian125.77 - 121.4Italy Stylosphaera macroxiphus (51799)
Late/Upper Barremian - Early/Lower Aptian125.77 - 119.57Italy Stylosphaera macroxiphus (51797 51798)
Late/Upper Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9Italy Protoxiphotractus machinosus (77110) Protoxiphotractus ventosus (77296)
Middle Turonian93.9 - 89.8Canada (Nunavut) Stylosphaera sp. (165999)
Santonian85.7 - 83.6Russian Federation (Moskovskaya Oblast) Stylosphaera hastata (95983)
Santonian85.7 - 83.6Japan (Hokkaido) Protoxiphotractus perplexus (96039 96041)
Campanian83.6 - 72.2Türkiye (Antalya) Protoxiphotractus sp. (90702)
Campanian83.6 - 72.2Japan (Hokkaido) Protoxiphotractus perplexus (96046)
Early/Lower Campanian83.6 - 72.2Japan (Hokkaido) Protoxiphotractus perplexus (95789)
Late/Upper Campanian83.6 - 72.2North Pacific Praestylosphaera hastata (95806)
Late/Upper Campanian83.6 - 72.2South Pacific Stylosphaera hastata (95818)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0Czechia Lithomespilus coronatus (67451)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0New Zealand (Marlborough) Lithomespilus coronatus (95844 95845 95846 95847 95848 95849) Lithomespilus coronatus, Protoxiphotractus wilsoni (95843 95885 95887 95888) Lithomespilus coronatus, Protoxiphotractus wilsoni, Stylosphaera hastata (95884 95886)
Danian66.0 - 61.66New Zealand (Marlborough) Lithomespilus coronatus (95850 95851 95852 95853 95854 95855 95856 95857 95858 95859 95860 95865 95867 95868 95869 95870 95872 95876 95879 95889 95890) Lithomespilus coronatus, Protoxiphotractus wilsoni (95866 95873 95874 95880 95881 95882 95883 95895) Lithomespilus coronatus, Protoxiphotractus wilsoni, Protoxiphotractus perplexus, Stylosphaera hastata (95897) Lithomespilus coronatus, Protoxiphotractus wilsoni, Protoxiphotractus perplexus, Stylosphaera minor (95905) Lithomespilus coronatus, Protoxiphotractus wilsoni, Stylosphaera hastata (95875 95877 95878 95892 95893 95894 95896 95900 95901) Lithomespilus coronatus, Protoxiphotractus wilsoni, Stylosphaera minor (95906 95907) Lithomespilus coronatus, Protoxiphotractus wilsoni, Stylosphaera minor, Stylosphaera hastata (95902 95903 95904) Lithomespilus coronatus, Stylosphaera hastata (95891)
Selandian61.66 - 59.24New Zealand (Marlborough) Lithomespilus coronatus, Protoxiphotractus wilsoni, Stylosphaera minor (95909 95910)
Late/Upper Paleocene59.24 - 56.0China (Tibet) Stylosphaera minor (69734)
Ypresian56.0 - 48.07Cyprus Stylosphaera coronata, Spongatractus pachystylus (90892 90893 90894)
Lutetian48.07 - 41.03Cyprus Spongatractus pachystylus (90889 90890 90891)
Burdigalian - Langhian20.45 - 13.82Japan Stylatractus sp., Stylosphaera sp. (236002)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Japan Spongosphaera streptacantha (233708 233709 233711 233712) Spongosphaera streptacantha, Amphisphaera spumea (233710)
Middle Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene0.774 - 0.0117Japan Spongosphaera streptacantha (233713)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Japan Spongosphaera streptacantha, Amphisphaera spumea (233714)