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Elephantida

Osteichthyes - Proboscidea

Taxonomy
Elephantida was named by Tassy and Shoshani (1997). It is extant. Its type is Elephantidae.

It was assigned to Elephantimorpha by Shoshani and Tassy (2005), Shoshani et al. (2006), Larramendi and Ferretti (2026).

Entered
by J. Alroy on 2007-04-05; modified by T. Grasso on 2026-03-11

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1997Elephantida Tassy and Shoshani
2005Elephantida Shoshani and Tassy p. 9 figs. Table 2
2006Elephantida Shoshani et al. p. 17300
2026Elephantida Larramendi and Ferretti p. 15

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
Bilateria
EubilateriaAx 1987
Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
classOsteichthyes
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
Tetrapoda
Reptiliomorpha
Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
Cotylosauria()
Amniota
subclassSynapsida
Therapsida()
RankNameAuthor
infraorderCynodontia()
Mammaliamorpha
Mammaliaformes
classMammalia
Cladotheria
Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
Eutheria()
Placentalia
superorderAfrotheria
Paenungulatomorpha
superorderPaenungulata
Tethytheria
orderProboscidea()
suborderElephantiformesTassy 1988
ElephantimorphaTassy and Shoshani 1997
ElephantidaTassy and Shoshani 1997
ElephantidaTassy and Shoshani 1997

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Unr. Elephantida Tassy and Shoshani 1997
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Superfm. Elephantoidea Gray 1821
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Fm. Elephantidae Gray 1821 [elephant]
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Subfm. Elephantinae Gray 1821
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Tr. Elephantini Gray 1821
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G. Elephas Linnaeus 1758 [elephant]
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Invalid names: Elephantus Geoffroy and Cuvier 1795 [objective synonym], Hesperoloxodon Osborn 1931 [synonym], Hypselephas Osborn 1942 [synonym], Leithadamsia Matsumoto 1927 [synonym], Omoloxodon Deraniyagala 1955 [synonym], Pilgrimia Osborn 1924 [synonym], Platelephas Osborn 1942 [synonym], Sivalikia Osborn 1924 [synonym], Stegoloxodon Kretzoi 1950 [synonym]
G. †Mammuthus Brookes 1828 [mammoth]
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Invalid names: Archidiskodon Pohling 1888 [synonym], Parelephas Osborn 1924 [synonym]
Invalid names: Elephantina Gray 1825 [empty], Loxodontina Osborn 1918 [empty]
Tr. Loxodontini Osborn 1918
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G. Loxodonta Anonymous 1827 [African elephant]
G. †Primelephas Maglio 1970
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Primelephas korotorensis Coppens 1965
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Invalid names: Primelephas gomphotheroides Maglio 1970 [synonym]
G. †Emmenodon Cope 1889
G. †Palaeoloxodon Matsumoto 1924
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Elephas (Palaeoloxodon) cephallonicus Theodorou et al. 2018
Palaeoloxodon antiquus Falconer and Cautley 1847
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Invalid names: Elephas chaniensis Symeonidis et al. 2000 [synonym]
Palaeoloxodon lomolinoi van der Geer et al. 2014
Palaeoloxodon namadicus Falconer 1846
Palaeoloxodon naumanni Makiyama 1924
Palaeoloxodon recki Dietrich 1915
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Elephas recki recki Dietrich 1915
Palaeoloxodon recki atavus Arambourg 1947
Palaeoloxodon tiliensis Theodorou et al. 2007
Palaeoloxodon turkmenicus Dubrovo 1955
Palaeoloxodon xylophagou Athanassiou 2015
G. †Selenetherium Mackaye et al. 2005
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Selenetherium kolleensis Mackaye et al. 2005
G. †Stegodibelodon Coppens 1972
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Stegodibelodon schneideri Coppens 1972
G. †Stegodon Falconer 1857
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Stegodon aurorae Matsumoto 1918
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Invalid names: Stegodon akashiensis Fuyuji 1936 [synonym]
Stegodon bombifrons Falconer 1847
Stegodon elephantoides Clift 1829
Stegodon florensis Hooijer 1957
Stegodon ganesa Falconer and Cautley 1875
Stegodon hypsilophus Hooijer 1954
Stegodon insignis Falconer 1857
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Invalid names: Stegodon orientalis Owen 1870 [synonym]
Stegodon kaisensis Hopwood 1939
Stegodon luzonensis von Koenigswald 1956
Stegodon mediterraneus Hooijer 1960
Stegodon miensis Matsumoto 1941
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Invalid names: Stegodon shinshuensis Sawamura et al. 1979 [synonym]
Stegodon mindanensis Naumann 1890
Stegodon namadicus Biswas and Dassarma 1981
Stegodon preorientalis Young 1938
Stegodon rathiansis Sawar et al. 1985
Stegodon sompoensis Hooijer 1964
Stegodon sondaari van den Bergh 1999
Stegodon sumbaensis Sartono 1979
Stegodon syrticus Petrocchi 1943
Stegodon trigonocephalus Martin 1887
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Invalid names: Stegodon javanoganesa Dubois 1908 [synonym]
Stegodon yuanmouensis You et al. 1978
Stegodon zdanskyi Hopwood 1935
Stegodon zhaotongensis Chow and Zhai 1962
G. †Stegotetrabelodon Petrocchi 1941
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Stegotetrabelodon lybicus Petrocchi 1943
Stegotetrabelodon orbus Maglio 1970
Stegotetrabelodon syrticus Petrocchi 1941
Invalid names: Stegodontinae Osborn 1918 [empty], Stegotetrabelodontinae Aguirre 1969 [empty], Suina Gray 1825 [empty]
Fm. †Stegodontidae Osborn 1918
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G. †Stegolophodon Pohlig 1888
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Stegolophodon cautleyi Lydekker 1886
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Invalid names: Stegolophodon banguoensis Tang et al. 1974 [synonym], Stegotetrabelodon gomphotheroides Ji and Zhang 1997 [synonym], Stegotetrabelodon jiangyiensis Ji and Zhang 1997 [synonym]
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Invalid names: Stegolophodon miyokoae Hatai 1959 [synonym]
Stegolophodon sahabianus Petrocchi 1943
Fm. Tetralophodontidae Larramendi and Ferretti 2026
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G. †Paratetralophodon Tassy 1983
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Invalid names: Loxodontinae Osborn 1921 [empty], Mammontinae Osborn 1921 [empty], Mammutoidea [empty]
Invalid names: Gomphotherioidea Hay 1922 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: terrestrialsubc
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: ground dwellingf
Diet: grazerf
Diet 2: browserf
Reproduction: viviparoussubc
Created: 2005-08-26 13:32:09
Modified: 2005-08-26 15:32:09
Source: f = family, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Lillegraven 1979, Ji et al. 2002, Carroll 1988, Nowak 1999, Hendy et al. 2009

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Late/Upper Oligocene to the top of the Holocene or 27.30000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 23.04 Ma

Collections (1418 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Late/Upper Oligocene27.3 - 23.04Pakistan (Baluchistan) Elephantoidea indet. (179812 180591)
Early/Lower Miocene23.04 - 15.98Japan (Miyagi) Stegolophodon miyokoae (13454)
Early/Lower Miocene23.04 - 15.98Pakistan (Baluchistan) Elephantoidea indet. (180605)
Miocene23.04 - 5.333North Macedonia Elephantoidea indet. (197469 197470)
Miocene - Pliocene23.04 - 2.58South Africa Loxodonta sp., Stegodon sp., Stegolophodon sp. (22220) Mammuthus sp. (22228) Mammuthus subplanifrons (22229)
Miocene - Pliocene23.04 - 2.58Uganda Elephantidae indet. (22413) Loxodonta sp. (22394 22395 22408 22428 22433) Loxodonta sp., Stegodon kaisensis (22393) Mammuthus sp. (22344) Stegodon kaisensis (22418 22420 22437) Stegotetrabelodon sp. (22453 22454) Stegotetrabelodon sp., Primelephas gomphotheroides (22451)
Miocene - Pliocene23.04 - 2.58Mongolia Serridentinus florescens (34486)
Neogene23.04 - 2.58USA (West Virginia) Mammuthus sp. (123931)
Neogene23.04 - 2.58Taiwan (Tainan) Elephas sp. (76866)
Neogene23.04 - 2.58Taiwan (Taichung) Stegodon insignis (76860) Stegodon insignis, Stegodon sinensis, Stegodon orientalis (76862) Stegodon orientalis (76861)
Neogene23.04 - 2.58Myanmar Mastodon elephantoides, Elephas clifti, Elephas insignis (215569)
Neogene23.04 - 2.58Taiwan Elephas sp. (76865) Stegodon sinensis (76863)
Neogene23.04 - 2.58Greece (Kozani) Stegodon sp. (202732)
Miocene - Pleistocene23.04 - 0.0117Ethiopia Elephantidae indet. (22128)
Miocene - Pleistocene23.04 - 0.0117South Africa Mammuthus subplanifrons (22230)
Burdigalian20.45 - 15.98Japan (Fukushim) Stegolophodon pseudolatidens (93771)
Burdigalian20.45 - 15.98Japan (Ibaraki) Stegolophodon pseudolatidens (93880 93881)
Burdigalian20.45 - 15.98Japan (Nagasaki) Stegolophodon pseudolatidens (93879)
Burdigalian20.45 - 15.98Japan (Miyagi) Stegolophodon pseudolatidens (93786 93787)
Burdigalian20.45 - 15.98Japan (Fukushima) Stegolophodon pseudolatidens (93783 93785)